（中考英語分項復(fù)習(xí)）9動詞-2024年中考英語專項復(fù)習(xí)

動詞

動詞的分類

分類法種類例詞

及物動詞play,drive,drink,eat,sing,dance,swim,speak

實義動詞

不及物動詞go,come,arrive,listen,walk,look

助動詞do,does,did,will,would,be,have,has

按句法作用分類

can,CDuld,must,haveto,may,might,will,

情態(tài)動詞

should,shall

become,get,turn,look,smel1,sound,smell,

系動詞

feel,remain,stay

持續(xù)性動詞read,fly,study,work,grow,improve,increase

動態(tài)動詞

按詞匯意義分類瞬息性動詞jump,knock,begin,leave,die,reach,start,buy

allow,need,order,prefer,require,ask,mind,

狀態(tài)動詞

advice

1.及物動詞

及物動詞后可直接接賓語，可分為跟單賓語的及物動詞、雙賓語的及物動詞、賓語補足

語的及物動詞.

(1)常見跟單賓語的及物動詞：catch,hold,break,celebrate,discuss,educate,

grow,borrow,put,forget,love,worry...

Eg：Don,tbreaktherules.

Wearcgoingtodiscussthetopicingroups.

Iborrowapenfromastranger.

Putthebananasintheblender.

(2)間接賓語前可加to或for的及物動詞：give,offer,buy,pass,sell,show,

read,sing,draw,make,choose,cook...

Eg：Myfatherboughtabikeformeasapresent.

MissLiofferedsomepicturestous.

(3)間接賓語一定要放在在接賓語前的及物動詞：ask,cost...

Eg：Thedoctoraskedmesomequestions.

Itcostsmotwentydollars.

(4)常見跟賓語補足語的及物動詞

①名詞作賓語補足語：call,consider,name,make...

Eg：RobinsonnamedthemanFriday.

②形容詞作賓語補足語：make,find,believe,keep...

Eg：Asadmoviemakesmeunhappy.

③分詞作賓語補足語：see,watch,find,keep,feel,hear,make,have...

Eg：Ilovetowaitchthemonkeysclimbingaround.

Lilyhasherhaircut.

④帶to的不定式作賓語補足語：advice,tell,ask,expect,promise,want,

invite,allow,encourage,remind,require...

Eg：Myparentsrequiredmetocleanmyroom.

TheyinvitedMr.Blacktotakepartinthegame.

⑤不帶to的不定式作賓語補足語：feel,hear,make,have,let,see,watch...

Eg：Isawhimwalkintothehall.

Thefunnymoviemakespeoplelaugh.

2.不及物動詞

不及物動詞不能直接跟賓語，大多數(shù)動詞既是及物動詞又是不及物動詞，純不及物動詞

很少，常見純不及物動詞有：arrive,come,go,walk,sit,stand,happen,lie,run...

Eg：Wearrivedatthesciencemuseumat8：30thismorning.

Thepolicehappenedtoknowthetruth.

3.助動詞

助動詞本身沒有意義，不隹單獨作謂語，只能用來幫助主動詞構(gòu)成各種時態(tài)、語態(tài)、否定式

和疑問式等.基木助動詞有be,do,have,willshall

(1)be的用法

①與現(xiàn)在分詞連用構(gòu)成各種進行時態(tài)

Eg：Look!Somebaysareplayingbasketball.

Theyworehavingdinnerwhentheearthquakehappened.

②與過去分詞連用構(gòu)成被動語態(tài)

Eg：Studentsarcrequiredtohaveadiscussion.

Thebuildingisnamedafterafamousscientist.

③與帶to的不定式構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語

Eg；Ifwearetowinthegame,wemusttryourbest.

⑵do的用法

①幫助構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)和過去時的否定式和疑問式

Eg：Shedoesn'tlikeeatingcarrots.

Doyouwanttobeanactor?

②用于加強語氣

Eg：Idobelieveyou.

③用于代替前面出現(xiàn)過的動詞，以免重復(fù)

Eg：Idicin'twatchTVlastnight,butmybrotherdid.

⑶have的用法

與過去分詞連用構(gòu)成完成時

Eg：Ihavefinishedreadingthisbook.

Haveyoueverbeentoamuseum?

Shehas1ivedhereforovertwentyyears.

Herealizedthathehadlefthiskeysathome.

(4)willswould、shalRshould的用法

will、shall構(gòu)成一般將來時,would、should構(gòu)成過去將來時;shall、should主要用

于第一人稱,will、would可用于各種人稱

Eg：Hewillreachtheairportinhalfanhour.

Cindysaidshewou1dmakeherdreamcometrue.

IshallpayavisittoEuropethissummer.

Iwastoldthatweshouldfixupthemachine.

Samwasinformedthatheshouldn*ttouchanythingintheroom.

Itwon'traintomorrow.

4.情態(tài)動詞

情態(tài)動詞木身有各種含義，不能單獨作謂語，要和動詞原形連用構(gòu)成謂語，表示說話人的語

氣、情緒或態(tài)度.情態(tài)動詞一般沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化.

(1)can和could

①表示能力,意為”會,能夠”，can表示現(xiàn)在的能力,could表示過去的能力

Eg：Hecansing.

Hecouldplaytheguitarwhenhewasyoung.

②表示推測，意為“可能”

Eg：Sheisonbusiness,soshecan,tbeathome.

③表示請求、允許、建議，意為“可以“，could比can的語氣更加委婉、禮貌

Eg：Cou1dyouhelpmewithmath?Sorry,1canrt.I'mbusypreparing

forthetest.

-CouldIuseyourcomputer?-Ofcourse,youcan.

Youcouldaskhospitalstoletyouvisitthekidsandcheerthemup.

⑵must和haveto

must只有一種時態(tài)形式;haveto可用于多種時態(tài),其否定式和疑問式都要借助助動詞

構(gòu)成.

①表示必須：must強調(diào)主觀意愿，而haveI。強調(diào)客觀上的必要性，意為“不得不”

Eg：Youmustfollowthelaws.

Youdon,thavetostayuplate.

②must可以表示推測，且把握較大

Eg：Themanovertheremustbeournewteacher.

(3)may和might

①表示推測，意為“可能”，可能性的大小關(guān)系為：must>can>may>might

Eg：Bi11ymay/mightbeinthelibrary.I,mnotsure.

②表示請求、允許，意為“可以“，might比may的語氣更加委婉、禮貌

Eg：―May/MightItakearest?

-Yes,youcan.

(4)shall

①表示詢問意見，用于一、三人稱的疑問句中

Eg：ShallItakeitoff?

②表示決心、許諾、警告、威脅或命令，用于第一、二、三各人稱的肯定句中

Eg：Nothingshallpreventusfromprotectingtheenvironment.

Youshal1bepunishedifyoubreaktheruleagain.

③表示規(guī)定或義務(wù)

Eg：Thenewlawshallbecarriedoutnextmonth.

(5)should

①表示義務(wù)、責(zé)任

Eg：Weshou1dnevergiveupourdreams.

Adultsshouldtakecareoftheyouth.

②表示推測

Eg：ItshouldbeDoctorLi'scellphone.

(6)need

①作情態(tài)動詞時，常用于否定句和疑問句中，對疑問句的肯定回答用must,否定回答

用needn't,意為"不必”；沒有人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化

Eg：Youneedn'tbeafraidofthispuppy.

Heneedfinishthetasktoday.

②作實義動詞時，有人稱、數(shù)和時態(tài)的變化，后跟名詞、代詞和不帶I。的不定式等

Eg：Theydon'tneedtocometoschoolonweekends.

Littlebabiesneedtheirparents.

(7)will和would

沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化

①表示意愿、愿望:意為“愿意”

Eg：Agoodfriendistheonewhowillhelpyouwhenyou*reintrouble.

liewillpickmeuptotheparty.

Themanwouldn*tlethischildrendochores.

②表示傾向、習(xí)慣，意為“總是"

Eg：YouwillalwaysdotheoppositeofwhatItellyou.

Waterwillturnintoicewhenthetemperatureisbelowzero.

③表示猜測，意為"可能、大概”

Eg：Theladyyoutalkedwithwouldbeyoursister.

④用于第二人稱的疑問句時，表示客氣的請求,would比will的語氣更委婉

Eg：Wouldyoupassthepapertome?

(8)hadbetter

可當(dāng)做情態(tài)動詞使用,后接動詞原形,無人稱,時態(tài)和數(shù)的變化，意為“最好……”，否

定形式為hadbettornot,疑問句將had移到句首

Eg：You'dbetterhandinyourpaperbeforeFriday.

You*dbetternottellhimthenews.

HadIbetternottel1himthenews?

5.系動詞

(1)表示狀態(tài)的be動詞：am,is,are,was,were

Eg：I'mgladtomeetyou.

(2)感官動詞：feel,sound,smell,hear,seem,taste...

Eg：Thecaketastesgood.

Hismothersaidthatshefeltbetter.

(3)表示保持狀態(tài)：keep,stay,remain

Eg：Tokeepfit,weshoulddosomeexerciseeveryday.

(4)表示狀態(tài)變化：become,go,grow...

Eg：Theroombecamecrowed.

Fishsoongoesbadinhotweather.

（5）表示變化結(jié)果：get,prove,turn...

Eg：Whenmysongetsolder,hewantstobeamusician.

6.持續(xù)性動詞和瞬息性動詞

持續(xù)性動詞表示可持續(xù)的動作或狀態(tài)，瞬息性動詞表示短暫行為或事件的動詞

①持續(xù)性動詞可與表示一段時間的狀語連用，但是瞬息性動詞不可以

Eg：Ihavehadthisbikeforthreeyears.

Youcankeepthebookforsevendays.

②瞬息性動詞的否定式可與表示一段時間的狀語連用

Eg：Thestormhasn,tstoppedsincetwohoursago.

動詞的形式

1.動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式（用于構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時）

規(guī)則動詞原形第三人稱單數(shù)形式

一般在詞尾加-Splayplays

fixes,finishes,watches,

以/s/、/S/、/If/音素結(jié)尾fix,finish,watch,gn

或以-。結(jié)尾的動詞，加-esgoes

以"輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的動

studystudies

詞，去y加-ies

2.動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式（主要用于構(gòu)成進行時）

規(guī)則動詞原形-ing形式

一般直接在詞尾加-ingworkworking

以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾，去掉e

rideriding

再加-ing

以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,末尾只

有一個輔音字母的動詞，耍

stopstopping

雙寫最后一個輔音字母再加

-ing

少數(shù)以-ie結(jié)尾的動詞，先變

die,tie,liedying,tying,lying

ie為y,再加-ing

以-ee,-ye等結(jié)尾的動詞，

see,eyeseeing,eyeing

直接加-ing

3.動詞的過去式和過去分詞形式（過去式主要用于構(gòu)成各種一般過去時，過去分詞主要用

來構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時、過去完成時和被動語態(tài)）

規(guī)則動詞

規(guī)則動詞原形過去式過去分詞

一般直接加-edwatchwatchedwatched

以-e結(jié)尾,加-dlovelovedloved

以"輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，去y加-

crycriedcried

ied

以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾,末尾只有一個

輔音字母的動詞,要雙寫最后一個planplannedplanned

輔音字母再加-ed

不規(guī)則動詞

動詞原形過去式過去分詞

Be(am,is,are)was,werebeen

beginbeganbegun

breakbrokebroken

givegavegiven

speakspokespoken

drivedrovedriven

rideroderidden

writewrotewi'itten

buyboughtbought

feelfeltfelt

spellspeltspelt

putputput

cutcutcut

costcostcost

read/ri：d/read/red/read/red/

sellsoldsold

telltoldtold

spendspentspent

sendsentsent

growgrewgrown

throwthrewthrown

lied（說謊）lied（說謊）

lie

lay(18)lain(躺)

短語動詞

1.動詞+介詞

arrivein/ataskforlookafterlookatlookforlistento

waitfordependonjoinintalkto/withshoutat/to

2.動詞+副詞

breakdownbreakoutbreakupturnonturnoffturnupturn

downgiveupgiveawaygiveinputupputonputawaypick

upstayup

3.動詞+副詞+介詞

comeupwithlookforwardtorunoutofgetalongwithputup

with

4.動詞+名詞

takecaretakeplacemakethebedloseheartloseweightmake

adifferencemakefriendshavefun

5.動詞+名詞+介詞

takepartintakeprideintakeplaceoftakechargeofpay

attentionto

makeone,swayto

6.動詞+形容詞

makesurecometruekeepfitstayhealthfeelsadsoundgood

smellbad

練習(xí)：

1.-Khat'sthematterwithDanie]?Heisn'tatschooltoday.

-Hisarmshurt.Hewas______byacarthismorning.

A.treatedB.hitC.operatedD.cured

2.Muniismakinglunch.11sonice!

AsmellsB.tastesC.feelsD.sounds

3.Therewassomethingwrongwiththephono.Wecouldn,teachother

clearly.

AlistenB.soundC.hearD.speak

4.You'dbetterthetestpaperbeforehandingitin.

A.goaheadB.goonC.gooffD.goover

5.Moreandmoreteenagersinthecountrysideare______theirhometownsatan

earlyagetolookforworkinthecities.

A.goingtoB.leavingC.beginningD.comingto

6.-Doyouthinkourbasketballteamwillwinthematch?

-Yes,wehavebetterplayers.SoIthemtowin.

A.hopeB.helpC.expectD.wish

7.Shemyinvitationbecauseshehadtohelphe