2024-2025學(xué)年高中英語Module4GreatScientistsSectionⅠIntroductionReadingandVocabulary課時(shí)作業(yè)含解析外研版必修4

Module4GreatScientists課時(shí)作業(yè)13SectionⅠIntroduction,ReadingandVocabularyⅠ.單詞拼法1．Thefamilyoriginally(原來)camefromFrance.2．HaveyouseenthefilmTitanic,whoseleading(主要的)actorisworld-famous?3．Thatbuildinghasbeenconverted(轉(zhuǎn)換)intoaschool.4．Somespecies(物種)ofanimalshavebecomeextinctbecausetheycouldnotadapttothechangingenvironment.5．EinsteinandChurchillwereamongtheoutstandingfigures(人物)ofthe20thcentury.6．Whenwillthedictionarybepublished(出版)?7．Ascientistmustproduceevidenceinsupport(支持)ofatheory.8．Surgeonshavemadeagreatbreakthrough(突破)inthekidneytransplantation.9．Theirproductsarenotonlysoldwellathome,butalsoexported(出口)toJapan，theUSA,etc.10．Thisnewmodelisofhighquality(質(zhì)量)andisnotexpensive,either.Ⅱ.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空或在空格處填入語法形式正確的詞1．We'dbetterbringintheadvancedtechnologytoimproveourproduct.解析：bringin引進(jìn)。句意：我們最好引進(jìn)先進(jìn)的技術(shù)來改進(jìn)我們的產(chǎn)品。2．Thenewsledtoagreatpanicinthevillage.解析：句意：那個(gè)消息在村里引起了極大的恐慌。leadto導(dǎo)致。3．Sadly,thereadingroomwhereKarlMarxdidalotofreadinghadmovedfromitsoriginal(original)placeintoanotherbuilding.解析：句意：悲傷的是，卡爾·馬克思以前讀書的那個(gè)閱覽室從其原來的地方搬到另外一棟樓里去了。4．Mostofthepeopleinthecitystrongly(strong)supporttheplantobuildanover-bridgeonthebusyroadoutsidetheschool.解析：句意：大部分市民都劇烈支持在學(xué)校外面交通繁忙的公路上修建一座天橋的支配。修飾實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用副詞。5．Ican'tfigureoutwhathashappenedtothevegetablesfortheywerefreshlypickedthismorning.解析：句意：我弄不明白這些蔬菜怎么了，它們是今日早上剛采摘的簇新蔬菜。figureout弄明白，搞清晰。6．Myeldersisterwasagainstmytravelplanwhilemyparentswereinsupportofit.解析：句意：我姐姐反對(duì)我的旅游支配而我父母贊成。insupportof支持。7．Thestrongearthquakelastedovertenminutes.Asaresult，mostofthebuildingsinthecityfelldown.解析：句意：劇烈的地震持續(xù)了特別鐘以上，結(jié)果，城市里的大部分建筑都倒塌了。asaresult結(jié)果，因此。8．HowtobringuptheonlychildproperlyhascausedlotsofdiscussionsandargumentsinChina.解析：句意：如何正確地?fù)狃B(yǎng)獨(dú)生子女在中國(guó)引起了很多的探討和爭(zhēng)辯。bringup撫養(yǎng)。9．Theirproductsareofhighquality.解析：ofhighquality質(zhì)量好。10．Astheresultofthedestroyingoftheforests，quantitiesofrichlandhaveturnedintodesertontheearth.解析：句意：由于毀壞了森林，地球上大量的肥沃田地變成了沙漠。quantitiesof很多，大量。Ⅲ.語法填空Gandhi,anIndiannationalhero,washonoredasthefatheroftheIndiannation,__1__hasbeenrespectedandbelovedbytheIndians.HewasborninIndiain1869andwasbrought__2__inafamilywhobelievedinIndianBuddhism.Followingthelocalcustom,hegotmarriedattheageof13.In1888hesailedtoEngland,wherehestudiedlawforthreeyearsandbecamea__3__.OnhisreturntoIndia,hewassenttoSouthAfrica__4__(work)onalawcase.InSouthAfricahesurprisedlyfoundtheproblemofracialdiscriminationwasserious.Thereheformedanorganizationandstartedamagazinetofight__5__equalrights.GandhireturnedtoIndiain1915,whenIndiawascontrolledbytheBritish.He__6__(lead)theIndianstofightforanendtotheBritishruleandmanypeople__7__(support)him.InthepoliticalmovementmanyIndians__8__(include)Gandhiwereputinprison.However,thestrugglesneverstopped.TheBritishgovernmenthadtogivein__9__Indiawonitsindependencein1947.__10__(fortunate)GandhiwasshotbyanIndianwhoopposedhisviewsanddiedonJanuary30th,1948.1．who解析：考查非限制性定語從句，先行詞是人，從句缺主語，所以填who。2．up解析：bringup哺育，撫養(yǎng)。3．lawyer解析：依據(jù)句意“他學(xué)了三年法律”及下文“他接收法律案件”不難推斷他成了一名“律師”。4．to_work解析：不定式表目的。為了解決一樁法律案件他被派往南非。5．for解析：考查動(dòng)詞短語搭配。fightfor為……而戰(zhàn)。6．led解析：考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。依據(jù)前文的in1915可推斷用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。7．supported解析：and連接兩個(gè)并列句，時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)一樣，都用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。8．including解析：依據(jù)句子的意思，很多印度人，包括Gandhi在內(nèi)，都被關(guān)進(jìn)牢里。including是介詞。9．a(chǎn)nd解析：依據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空格的前后都是一個(gè)獨(dú)立的并列句，所以用并列連詞and。10．Unfortunately解析：副詞unfortunately修飾整個(gè)句子。Ⅰ.閱讀理解MarsonEarthDevonIslandhasalwaysbeenacoldanduninhabited(無人居住的)placeintheCanadianArctic.Dayafterdaytherearehighwindsandthetemperatureisbelowfreezing.Butforthefirsttime,despitetheterribleweatherconditions,DevonIslandisthenewhomeforagroupofexplorersfromNASA.TheyarelivinghereforafewmonthsinordertotrainandlearnhowtoliveandworkonMars.Thegroup'smemberscomefromvariousbackgroundsandnationalities,buttheyallhavethesamepurpose:tofindouthowpeoplecanliveonMarsinthefuture.TheyhavechosenDevonIslandbecausetheenvironmentandlandscapeissimilarinmanywaystoMars'.Thesurfaceisfreezingcoldandthegroundisrough.However,therearesomedifferencesonMars,wheretheatmosphereispoisonoustobreathe.DevonIslandiseasiertotraveltoandithasitsowndangersthatyouwon'tfindonMars.Forexample,youmightmeetahungrypolarbearonDevonIsland!OnethingtheteamwantstodevelopissuitableclothingforMars.Thisincludesaspacesuit.Thesuittheyaretestingatthemomentisstrongenoughbutit'stoodifficulttoputonandtakeoff.It'sverybigandbulky,whichmeansthatjustwalkingaroundisverydifficultandtiring.Inaddition,peoplewillneedtodoexperimentsonMarswhilewearingthesuitsotheyhavetobeabletomovearoundeasily.Oneteammember,AndyOverbeeke,specializesinspacesuitengineering.Heexplains,“Youhavetothinkaboutwhatthey'rereallygoingtooperatein.”AnotherpartofdailylifeonMarswillbemealsandfood.CreatinganewhomeonMarsrequiresalotoffood.Sothebigquestionis:canyougrowplantsinordertosurvive?ScientistsbelievethatgrowingplantsonMarsmightbepossible.MarsandEarthhavemanysimilarities.Theybothhaveaboutthesameamountofdrylandanda24-hourday.However,theatmosphereonMarsistotallydifferent,soCanadianscientistAlainBerinstainisattemptingtogrowplantsinaspecialgreenhousethatyoucouldalsobuildonMars.Thegreenhouseneedstorun365daysayear,soitusesacombinationofsolarenergyandwindpower.PeoplelivingonMarswillalsowanttheirowntransportation.Forthis,theteamonDevonIslandhavebuiltthe“MartianRover”.It'sahugeheavyvehiclethatcantraveloverrocksandroughterrain.Thiskindoftestingtakesmanydaysbutsofartheworkhasbeenvaluableandeffective.Asaresult,thewholeteamnowbelievestheirworkiscrucialandthatit'spossibleforhumanstolandontheplanetMarsandcreateahomethere.AndyOverbeekeadds,“Weknowthatit'sman'sdestinytogooutanddospaceexploration.It'salwaystimetothinkaboutwhatyouwanttodointhefuture.”本文是一篇科普文，主要講解并描述了為了將來能在火星上生存，人們須要做的各方面的努力。1．TheexplorersarelivingonDevonIslandto________.A．receiveatraininginastronomyB．setupanadvancedresearchlabC．learnhowtoliveandworkonMarsD．makealivinginanuninhabitedland答案：C解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段倒數(shù)其次句“TheyarelivinghereforafewmonthsinordertotrainandlearnhowtoliveandworkonMars.”可知，探究者們住在德文島是為了學(xué)習(xí)如何在火星上生存和工作。故答案選C。2．TokeepfoodsupplyonMars,peopleshould________.A．createanewhomeB．improvetheatmosphereC．buildspecialgreenhousesD．reducetheareaofdryland答案：C解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段中的“togrowplantsinaspecialgreenhousethatyoucouldalsobuildonMars”可知，假如在火星上也要保持糧食供應(yīng)，人們應(yīng)當(dāng)建立特別的溫室大棚。故答案選C。3．Accordingtothepassage,weknowthat________.A．humansmayliveonMarsinthefutureB．MartianRoverhasfailedtostandthetestC．MarsandDevonIslandhavethesamesoilconditionD．scientistshavemasteredthemethodtogrowplantsonMars答案：A解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段倒數(shù)第三句中的“it'spossibleforhumanstolandontheplanetMarsandcreateahomethere”可知，將來人類有可能住到火星上去。故答案選A。Ⅱ.閱讀填句Eyesightplaysaveryimportantroleinourdailylife.Everywakingmoment,theeyesareworkingtoseetheworldaroundus.OverfortypercentofAmericansworryaboutlosingeyesight,butit'seasytoincludestepsintoourdailylifetoensurehealthyeyes.Herearefivesuggestionsforalifetimeofhealthyeyesight：Schedule(支配)yearlyexams.__1__Expertsadviseparentstobringbabiessixtotwelvemonthsofagetothedoctorforacarefulcheck.Thegoodnewsisthatmillionsofchildrennowcanhaveyearlyeyeexamsandfollowingtreatment,includingeyeglasses.ProtectagainstUVrays.Along-termstayinthesuncreatestherisktoyoureyes.Nomatterwhattheseasonis,it'sextremelyimportanttowearsunglasses.__2__Giveyoureyesabreak.Two-thirdsofAmericansspenduptosevenhoursadayusingcomputersorotherdigitalproducts.__3__Expertsrecommendthatpeoplepractisethe20/20/20rule:every20minutes,takea20-secondbreakandlookatsomething20feetaway.__4__Aspartofahealthydiet,eatmorefruitandvegetableseachday.Vitamins(維生素)CandEhelpprotecteyesightandpromoteeyehealth.Practisesafewearandcareofcontactlenses.ManyAmericansusecontactlensestoimprovetheireyesight.Whilesomefollowthemedicalguidanceforwearingcontactlenses,manyarebreakingtherulesandputtingtheireyesightatrisk.__5__Otherwise,youmayhaveproblemssuchasredeyes,painintheeyes,oramoreseriouscondition.A．Eatyourgreens.B．Eyecare