Unit6EarthfirstUsinglanguage課件高中英語

Unit6EarthfirstUsinglanguageToidentifytheuseofpresentparticipleandpastparticipleasacomplementandunderstandtheroleoftheobjectasacomplement.Touserelevantvocabularyandgrammaticalstructurestodiscusstheproblemofglobalwarmingandproposefeasiblesolutions.Tousetopicalvocabularytotalkaboutairpollutionandbeabletopolitelyinterruptwhenneeded.LearningobjectivesWordsandexpressionsUNIT6□devotev.致力，獻(xiàn)身，傾注

86oceann.海洋，大海

86□highlightv.使……突出，使注意力集中于86□crueltyn.殘忍，殘酷，殘暴

86□huntingn.打獵，狩獵

86□presentationn.報(bào)告，(觀點(diǎn)的)陳述，說明86□reserven.(野生生物)保護(hù)區(qū)

87staffn.員工

87establishv.建立，設(shè)立

87□damagev.破損，損害，損傷

87droughtn.旱災(zāi)，干旱

87floodn.洪水，水災(zāi)

87□affectv.影響

87supplyn.(煤氣、電力、自來水等)供應(yīng)(系統(tǒng))87□restorev.使恢復(fù)

87□adoptv.采取(某種方法)

87□sustainableadj.可持續(xù)的，不破壞環(huán)境的

87*bulbn.燈泡

88*renewableadj.(能源)可更新的，可再生的，可恢復(fù)的

88carbonn.碳

88greenhousen.溫室，暖房

88*reusableadj.可再度使用的，可多次使用的88brochuren.小冊子

88reducev.減少，降低

88□solaradj.利用太陽光(能)的

88□releasev.釋放，排放

88smogn.煙霧，霧霾

89□fogn.霧

89□severeadj.(問題、傷勢、疾病等)很嚴(yán)重的

89□infectionn.感染，傳染病

89lecturen.(尤指大學(xué)里的)講座，講課，演講

89permissionn.允許，許可

89sliden.幻燈片

89-ingand-edascomplement-ing形式和-ed形式作賓補(bǔ)（現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語）Observethefollowingsentencesandthefeatureofthev-ing.1.Iwakeuptothesoundofthewindbuffetingtheclothofmytent.2.Spreadingoutbeforeme,branchesoftheRapaRiverflowthroughthevalleybelow.

3.Forexample,...andsomesweetandsourberriesthatIfoundgrowing

nearmytent.

作定語作狀語作賓補(bǔ)

WewilllearnV-ingformascomplementLead-inLookatthesentencesfromthereadingpassageandanswerthequestions.1a

Weseeawomanswimmingatnightinadarksea.b

Itmadepeoplefrightenedofsharks,...1

Insentence（a），whoisswimmingatnight?2

Insentence（b），whoisfrightenedofsharks?3

Whydoestheauthorchoosetousedifferentformsofverbsinthetwosentences?1

Insentence（a），whoisswimmingatnight?2

Insentence（b），whoisfrightenedofsharks?3

Whydoestheauthorchoosetousedifferentformsofverbsinthetwosentences?Insentence(a),awomanisswimmingatnight.Insentence(b),peoplearefrightenedofsharks.Insentence(a),awomanisswimming.Inotherwords,thewomandoestheactionofswimming.Sotheauthoruses-ing.Butinsentence(b),peoplearefrightened.Sotheauthoruses-ed.Lookatthesentencesfromthereadingpassageandanswerthequestions.1Nowlookformoresentenceswiththesestructures

inthereadingpassage.Peoplejustwantedthemkilled.(want+賓語+v.-ed作賓補(bǔ))Benchleysawsharksbeingkilledandthiscausedadeepchangeinhim.(see+賓語+v.-ing的被動(dòng)形式作賓補(bǔ))-ingand-edascomplement

Lookatthesentencesfromthereadingpassageandanswerthequestions.1Fillintheblanks.1.Somefishermenarefound________(hunt)sharksfortheirfins.2.Fewpeoplearenot________(scare)ofsharks.3.Fortunately,manynaturereserveshavebeenestablished,________withpeople'sattitudestowardswildlife(change).4.Lastsummer,droughtsandfloodsmadeourenvironment________(damage),________(cause)severeinfectionsinsomeareas.5.Toomuchsmogandfog________(contain)carbondioxidearereleased,thus________(lead)toglobalwarming.huntingscaredchangeddamagedcausingcontainingleading現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語（一）概述賓語可以分為三種類型:單賓語、雙賓語、復(fù)合賓語。make這個(gè)動(dòng)詞可以接這三種賓語。1.Shemadeatoy.她做了一個(gè)玩具。2.ShemadeTomatoy.她給湯姆做了一個(gè)玩具。3.ShemadeTomagoodboy.她使湯姆成為一個(gè)好孩子。句1中made是“制作”,接單賓語。句2中made也是“制作”,接雙賓語,其中Tom是間接賓語,atoy是直接賓語?？梢赞D(zhuǎn)換為:ShemadeatoyforTom.句3中made為“使役動(dòng)詞”,意思是“使,讓”。Tom是賓語,agoodboy是賓語補(bǔ)足語,補(bǔ)充說明賓語Tom是什么或怎么樣的。如果沒有這個(gè)補(bǔ)足語,賓語的意思就不完整。Explanation賓語補(bǔ)足語是補(bǔ)充說明賓語的。具體地說,有些動(dòng)詞除了帶有賓語外,還需要另外一個(gè)成分來說明賓語的情況，以彌補(bǔ)意義上的不足,讓賓語的意義完整。這種起補(bǔ)充說明作用的詞語或短語就叫做賓語補(bǔ)足語。能作賓語補(bǔ)足語的,可以是名詞、形容詞、介詞短語、副詞、動(dòng)詞不定式現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞等。無論何種成分作賓補(bǔ)，必須同時(shí)具備以下三個(gè)條件:1.賓語是補(bǔ)足語的邏輯主語,賓補(bǔ)對賓語起補(bǔ)充說明的作用。2.在一個(gè)完整的句子中,賓補(bǔ)是不可缺少的,省掉后句意就不完整。3.判斷某個(gè)成分是不是賓補(bǔ)，這跟謂語動(dòng)詞的性質(zhì)有關(guān)。Explanation賓補(bǔ)是動(dòng)詞作用于賓語的結(jié)果。大致可分為兩類:1.動(dòng)詞具有“使”“令”“導(dǎo)致”賓語做某事的作用，即謂語動(dòng)詞使賓語怎么樣、成為什么或變成什么(例如:make類,tell類,cause類)。2.動(dòng)詞具有感官的性能,對賓語的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)具有感知作用(see,hear,find類)。Wecall

thegirl

Amy.(thegirl為賓語，名詞Amy為賓語補(bǔ)足語)我們叫這個(gè)女孩艾米。Weallfind

Josie

kind.(Josie為賓語,形容詞kind為賓語補(bǔ)足語)我們都認(rèn)為喬茜善良。Don'tforce

suchalittlegirl

tolearn.(suchalittleboy為賓語,動(dòng)詞不定式tolearn為賓語補(bǔ)足語)不要逼著這么小的女孩學(xué)習(xí)。Wesaw

theman

enteringtheroom.(theman為賓語,現(xiàn)在分詞短語enteringtheroom為賓語補(bǔ)足語)我們看見那個(gè)人進(jìn)了房間。ExplanationShetriedtomakeherselfunderstood.(herself為賓語,過去分詞understood為賓語補(bǔ)足語)她設(shè)法讓別人理解她的意思。Whenshewokeup,shefound

herself

inthehospital.(herself為賓語,介詞短語inthehospital為賓語補(bǔ)足語)她醒來時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)自己在醫(yī)院里。Whenwearrivedathishouse,wefound

Mr.Smith

out.(Mr.Smith為賓語副詞out為賓語補(bǔ)足語)當(dāng)我們到達(dá)他家時(shí),我們發(fā)現(xiàn)史密斯先生外出了。Explanation友情提示：句子由主動(dòng)語態(tài)變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)后,賓語補(bǔ)足語變成主語補(bǔ)足語。Shewaslastseen

playingneartheriver.有人最后一次看見她在河附近玩。Tomwasconsidered

tohavestolenthemoney人們認(rèn)為湯姆偷了那筆錢。Thedoorwaspushed

open.門被推開了。Shewascaught

cheatingintheexam.他被抓住考試作弊。Johnwasmade

themonitor.約翰被選為班長。Explanation（二）現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語現(xiàn)在分詞除了作狀語、定語和表語外,還可以作賓語補(bǔ)足語,說明賓語怎么樣或正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作?，F(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語分為兩種情況:一種是形容詞性質(zhì)的現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語;一種是動(dòng)作性質(zhì)的現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。1.形容詞性質(zhì)的現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)表示“觀點(diǎn)”的這一類動(dòng)詞如think,consider,believe,find,feel等,都可以接這類復(fù)合賓語。Wethink

thereport

veryencouraging.我們認(rèn)為這個(gè)報(bào)告非常鼓舞人。Iconsidered

thebook

ratherboring.我認(rèn)為這本書相當(dāng)枯燥。Theyallfeel

theresultofthegame

disappointing.他們都覺得比賽結(jié)果令人失望。Weallfound

thechild

veryannoying.我們都覺得這個(gè)孩子很煩人。Explanation2.動(dòng)作性質(zhì)的現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)(1)感官動(dòng)詞see,hear,feel,smell,watch,notice,observe,discover,find,listento,lookat,catch(當(dāng)場發(fā)現(xiàn))等，可以接復(fù)合賓語,現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)。友情提示：①感官動(dòng)詞后面可跟現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)，也可跟不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)(find和catch除外),二者有一定的差別。現(xiàn)在分詞表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,不定式表示動(dòng)作的全過程或結(jié)果。Someonesaw

Jack

wateringflowersinthegarden.有人看見杰克在花園里澆花。Sheheard

someone

singingnextdoor.她聽到隔壁有人在唱歌。Inoticed

something

burning.我注意到有東西燃了起來。Iheardthedoorbellringing.我聽見門鈴在響。(聽的時(shí)候門鈴正在響)Iheardsomeoneknockatthedoor.我聽見有人敲門了。(聽見敲門的全過程)②現(xiàn)在分詞作感官動(dòng)詞的賓補(bǔ)時(shí)，不能使用完成式。Hesawthehousehavingburned.(誤)Hesawthehouseburning.(正)Explanation(2)使役動(dòng)詞have,get,set,leave,keep等,可以接復(fù)合賓語，現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)。3.在“with+賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)中,現(xiàn)在分詞充當(dāng)了with的賓語的補(bǔ)足語。Ican'thave

you

wastingwaterlikethat.我不能讓你那樣浪費(fèi)水。Don'tkeep

yourchildren

learningallday.不要讓你的孩子整天都在學(xué)習(xí)。Itwascold,sotheyleft

thefire

burningallthenight.天氣很冷，所以他們讓爐火整夜燃燒著。Maryfeltveryshywith

somanyeyes

lookingather.有這么多眼睛看著她,瑪麗感到很害羞。With

prices

goingupsofast,wecan'taffordluxuries.物價(jià)上漲這么快,我們買不起奢侈品。Explanation（三）過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語過去分詞除了作狀語、定語和表語外,還可以作賓語補(bǔ)足語。賓語與過去分詞存在被動(dòng)關(guān)系,即賓語是過去分詞動(dòng)作的承受者。能接過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動(dòng)詞主要有兩大類:一類是感官動(dòng)詞,另一類是使役動(dòng)詞。1.感官動(dòng)詞see,hear,feel,notice,find等可以接復(fù)合賓語,過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。Whileshewasreading,sheheard

hername

calledbehind.當(dāng)她在讀書的時(shí)候,她聽見有人在背后叫她的名字。Ifind

hisEnglish

improvedalot.我發(fā)現(xiàn)他的英語提高很多。2.使役動(dòng)詞make,have,get,keep,leave等可以接復(fù)合賓語,過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。Shewenttothehospitaltohave

hiseyes

examined.她去醫(yī)院把眼睛檢查了一下。Theforeignertriedtomake

herself

understood,butfailed.這個(gè)外國人設(shè)法使別人明白她的意思，但失敗了。Explanation3.意欲動(dòng)詞want,like,wish,expect,wouldlike等可以接復(fù)合賓語，過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。I'dlike

thejob

donewhenIcomebackfromthejourney.當(dāng)我旅行回來時(shí),我想讓這份工作(被別人)做完。Themotherwants

herdaughter

taughtmusicinherfreetime.這位母親想讓她的女兒在空閑時(shí)間學(xué)音樂。上述動(dòng)詞也可以接不定式的被動(dòng)式作賓語補(bǔ)足語,即在過去分詞前加tobe。Theywouldlike

thebook

(tobe)publishedthisyear.他們想要這本書今年出版。Wewant

thismatter

(tobe)settledimmediately.我們希望這個(gè)問題立刻被解決。Explanation（四）各種非謂語形式作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別1.現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)和過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ),賓語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者;過去分詞作賓補(bǔ),賓語是動(dòng)作的承受者。Isawthedog

followingaman.我看見那只狗跟在一個(gè)人的身后。Isawthedog

followedbyaman.我看見有人在那只狗后面跟著。2.不定式現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別不定式表示動(dòng)作的全過程或結(jié)果;現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)和正在進(jìn)行;過去分詞表示被動(dòng)和完成。IhaveseenMilla

growupfromchildhood,soIknowherquitewel1.我看著米拉從小長大，因此我很了解她。SomestudentslastsawReed

playingnearanInternetbar.幾個(gè)學(xué)生最后看見瑞德時(shí)他正在一家網(wǎng)吧附近玩耍。I'dliketoseeaproposal

putforwardatonce.我想看到立馬有人提出建議。Explanation3.過去分詞現(xiàn)在分詞被動(dòng)式作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別Sheheardhername

calledjustamomentago.剛才她聽見有人叫過她的名字。(called是過去分詞作賓補(bǔ),表示“被動(dòng)和完成”)Sheheardhername

beingcalledfrombehindandstoppedtolookback.她聽見有人在后面一直叫她的名字,就停下來向后看。(beingcalled是現(xiàn)在分詞的被動(dòng)式作賓補(bǔ)，表示“被動(dòng)和進(jìn)行”)Explanation現(xiàn)在分詞(v.-ing)或過去分詞(v.-ed)作賓語補(bǔ)足語①

see,hear,find,notice+sb./sth.+

doingdone②

have,keep,get,leave+sb./sth.+

doingdone“使,讓”③

with+sb./sth.+

doingdoneExplanation用所給動(dòng)詞的正確形式完成句子LastSunday,wewenttothezootoseesomewildanimals.Whenwearrivedintheearlymorning,wefoundthegate1.________(close).Sowehadtowaitoutside.Assoonaswesawthegate2.________(open),wewentinimmediately.Howexcitedweweretoseesomeanimals3.________(play)witheachotherinthezoo!Therewasahugemetalcageinthecentreofthezoo.Aswedrewnear,wecouldseeasmallmonkey4.____________(attack)byagroupofoldermonkeys.WhileIwaswatching,Iheardmyname5.________(call)frombehind.Inoticedaboy6.________(name)David7.________(run)towardsme.Hetoldmethathehadmetaforeignerandtheforeignerdidn'tspeakChinese.Sohewasn'tabletomakehimself8.________(understand)thoughhetriedtomakesomegestures.WhenIlearnedthattheforeignerwantedtohaveapicture9.________(take)bythesideofabeautifulpeafowl,Iwentandhelpedtakeapictureforhimatonce.closedopenedplayingbeingattackedcallednamedrunningunderstoodtakenExplanation單句語法填空(1)WhenIwasonmywaytoschoolthismorning，Isawtwowomen________（argue）.(2)Hewasjustabouttositdownwhenhefeltsomething

（move）nearhisfeet.(3)Onthebankoftheriver，wefoundhim

(lie）onabench，withhiseyes

（fix）onakiteinthesky.(4)Istoodonthebridgeandwatchedboats

（pass）by.arguingmovinglyingpassingfixedwithhiseyes__________(look)atakiteintheskylookingfixeyeson…:盯著……看eyes為fix的賓語，相似短語如showsb.aroundExplanation(5)Don’tkeepthechildren

（work）ontheirlessonsallday.(6)Theyoungmanwascaught

（steal）acar.(7)Listeningtomusicathomeisonething，goingtohearit_______________________（perform）liveisquiteanotherthing.(8)Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound

（smoke）inthekitchen.workingstealingbeingperformedsmokingExplanation(9)Heisverypopularamonghisstudentsashealwaystriestomakethem

（interest）inhislectures.(10)Whenwesawtheroad

（block）withsnow，wedecidedtospendtheholidayathome.(11)Let’shaveallthewindows

（clean）.(12)Beforedrivingintothecity，youarerequiredtogetyourcar___________（wash）.interestedblockedcleanedwashedExplanation(13)Eventhebestwriterssometimesfindthemselves

（lose）forwords.(14)Weexpectthisplan

（carry）outsuccessfully.(15)Thissongisoftenheard

（sing）everywhereinChina.(16)Hisparentssawhim

（award）thewinner’smedal.lostcarriedsungawardedExplanation現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語(語法專練)ExercisesReadthepassageandchoosethecorrectformoftheverbs.Attracted/Attractingbymermaidssinceshewasachild,HannahFrasercreatedherfirsttailwhenshewasonlynineyearsold.Now,sheisamodelandperformanceartistdevoted/devotingtooceanconservation.Shecanbeseenworn/wearingmermaidclothinganddived/divingupto50feetunderwatertoswimwithdolphins,sharksandwhales.SheappearedinTheCove，adocumentaryaimingathighlightingthecrueltyofdolphinhunting.Besidesperformingandmodelling,Hannahtravelstheworldgiven/givingpresentationsandtalks,gettingmorepeopleinvolved/involvingintheconservationofoceanlife.2ExercisesRewritetheunderlinedsentencesintheinterview,usingthe-ingand

-edformstomakeitmorecompactandcoherent.Reporter:HellofromSanjiangyuanNationalNatureReserve（SNNR）.WithmetodayisLinFeng，astaffmemberworkinghere.LinFeng，canyoutellusabitaboutSNNR?LinFeng：Well，SNNRwasestablishedin2000andisthehighestandsecondlargestnaturereserveinChina.Here,

youcanseedramaticlandscapes.Theychangefrommountainstograsslands,

foreststorivers.Mostimportantly，itcontainstheheadwatersoftheYellowRiver,theChangjiangRiverandtheLancangRiver.3Here,youcanseedramaticlandscapeschangingfrommountainstograsslands,foreststorivers.ExercisesReporter:What’sthebiggestproblemfacedbySNNR?LinFeng:Inrecentyears,

wehaveseenlargeareasofwetlandthatweredamaged

byhumanactivity.Thishashadanegativeimpactontheuniqueplantsandanimalslivingthere.We’vealsoseendroughtsandfloodscausedbythesechanges,whichaffectthewatersupplydownstream.ltisanintegratedsystem,yousee.Reporter:Andwhatsortofworkareyoudoingtohelpsolvetheseproblems?

Inrecentyears,wehaveseenlargeareasofwetlanddamagedbyhumanactivity.ExercisesLinFeng:Ourjobistoprotectandrestorethenaturalenvironment.Thisincludeskeepingtheoriginalenvironmentfrombeingtouched,aswellasadoptingnew,sustainablewaysoffeedingfarmanimals.Reporter:Researchshowsthattheenvironmentandvegetationcoverageinthewetlandshavebeengreatlyimproved.You'vedoneagreatjob!Thisincludeskeepingtheoriginalenvironmentuntouched,ExercisesDealingwithglobalwarming_________________________Sharewhatyouknowabouttheseexpressions.4節(jié)約用水LED燈管可再生資源碳足跡溫室效應(yīng)再生水瓶企業(yè)機(jī)構(gòu)、活動(dòng)、產(chǎn)品或個(gè)人通過交通運(yùn)輸、食品生產(chǎn)和消費(fèi)以及各類生產(chǎn)過程等引起的溫室氣體排放的集合CompletethebrochurewiththeexpressionsinActivity4.SixthingsyoucandoNOWtohelpstopglobalwarming

?Reducewastebychoosingreusableproducts—geta（n）_________________,

forexample.?Trytoreduceyour__________________.Walkorrideabikeinsteadoftakingacar.?Use_______________

suchassolarenergyandwindpower.?Thelessenergyyouuse，thelesscarbondioxideisreleased.Replacingaregularlightbulbwitha（n）____________isagreatstart.?

isimportantbecausecleanwaterisalimitedresource.Also,weusealotofenergytoprocesscleanwater.?Plantingtreescanhelpalotinreducingthe__________________

becausetreesabsorbthecarbondioxideintheair.reusablewaterbottle

carbonfootprint

renewableenergy

LEDbulbWaterconservation

greenhouseeffect

5Workinpairs.Discusswhatyoucandotohelpdealwithglobalwarming,usingthewordsandexpressionsyouhavelearnt.A:Iwillgotoschoolbybiketoreducemycarbonfootprint.B:

IwillaskforanelectronicreceiptwhenIgoshopping.…6A：Iwillchoosereusableproducts—forexample,getareusablewater

bottletoreducewaste.B：Iwillwalkorrideabikeinsteadofdrivingacartoreducemy

carbonfootprint.A：Iwilluserenewableenergysuchassolarenergyandwindpower.B：IwillreplacearegularlightbulbwithanLEDbulbasagreatstart.

Iwillturnoffthelightwhenthereisnopersonintheclassroom.Iwillunplug（拔掉插頭）theTVwhenIdon’twatchit.IwillturnoffthetapwhenIfinishwashingmyhands.Iwillusetheclothes-washingwatertowatertheflowers.Whatistheprobleminthepicture?smogSmogcomesfromthewords"smoke"

and"fog",anditisusedtodescribetheairpollutionincitiescausedmainlybytrafficandfactories.Smogcanbedangerousbecauseitcausessevere

breathingproblemsandinfections.n.霧n.煙霧，霧霾adj.(問題、傷勢、傳染病)很嚴(yán)重的n.感染，傳染病Let’swatchavideoandgetsomemoreinformationaboutsmog.Listentothelectureandchoosethetopicsthatarecovered.

1.Whattheword“smog”means.2.Whentheword“smog”appeared.3.Whatcausedsmoginthepast.4.Whatcausessmognow.5.Theeffectsofsmogontheenvironment.6.Howgovernmentstrytoreducesmog.7.Whatwillhappenifwedon’treducesmog.7禮貌的打斷通常是請求允許打斷某人，通常以If開頭…我可以……嗎？或者CanI…？在此之前可以先道歉，如Sorry，…或者Excuseme，…通常，當(dāng)某人停下來喘口氣時(shí)，或者在說出的句子之間的輕微停頓時(shí)，我們會(huì)打斷他們。LearningtolearnApoliteinterruptionisusuallyframedasarequestforpermissiontointerruptsomeone,oftenstartingwithIf...,

MayI...?

orCanI...?ThismaybeprecededwithanapologysuchasSorry,...orExcuseme,...Usuallyweinterruptsomeonewhentheypauseforbreath,orduringtheslightpausebetweenspokenclauses.Listenagainandcompletetheslides.1900s

TheGreatSmognowindchemicalscomingfromtrafficrequirementsofpayingtodrivechemicals8Nowtalkaboutwhatthestudentssaytointerruptthelecturerpolitely.Listenagainifnecessary.Lecturer:Goodevening,everyone,andthankyouforcomingtotoday’stalk.I’mDrBrownandI’mgoingtotalkaboutairpollutionincities-whatweallknowas“smog”.Pleasefeelfreetostopmeifyouhaveanyquestions.So,firstofall,abitofhistory.Theterm“smog”wasfirstusedinthe1800sincitiesthathadproblemswithsmokeandfog.StudentA:Sorryforinterrupting,butIbelieveitwasinthe1900s.Lecturer:Sorry,Imadeamistake.Youareright.Itwasinthe1900s.Thankyou.Londonwasoneofthecitieswheresmogcausedbigproblems.InDecember1952,itsufferedfrom“TheGreatSmog”.Itwasaverycoldwinter,soalotofcoalwasburnedathomeandinthefactories.Theproblemwasthattherewasnowind,sothicksmogcoveredthecity.Nowadays...StudentB:Excuseme,butcanIjustask-didthesmogcauseanydeaths?Lecturer:I’mafraidso.Accordingtoresearch,about4,000peopleareknowntohavediedasaresultofthesmog,butthatnumbercouldbemuchhigher.Itwasterrible!Nowadays,smogstillexists,butisproducedbychemicalscomingfromtrafficandfactories.However,governmentsaretakingmeasurestoreducesmogasmuchaspossible.Now,let’slookatwhatsmogdoestoourhealth.StudentA:IfIcouldjuststopyouagain...Canyougiveusexamplesofthesemeasures?Lecturer:Well,forexample,factoriesmustfollowrulesaboutwhatchemicalstheyuse.Insomecities,whenthere’ssmog,peoplehavetopaytodriveinthecentre.Now,let’smoveontotheimpactofsmogonourhealth...Workinpairsandtalkaboutrecycling.StudentATellStudentBaboutrecyclingusingtheinformationbelow.

BepreparedtobecorrectedbyStudentB.?Theclassificationofhouseholdwasteaimstohelppeopleseparatedifferenttypesofwaste.Thisisimportantbecausethesedifferenttypesofwastecanbedisposedoforrecycledappropriatelyandeffectively.?Householdwastecanberoughlydividedinto:*foodwaste*non-recyclablewaste*recyclablewaste,includingpaper,glass,plasticandusedbatteries9?Chinaplanstointroducehouseholdwasteclassificationandsortinginthefirstbatchofcitiesby2020.OnlyBeijing,Shanghai,TianjinandChongqingareincludedinthefirstbatch.?Thetargetrecyclingrateinthesecitieshasbeensetat55%by2020.Usefulexpressions?Pleasefeelfreetostopmeifyouhaveanyquestions.?Sorry,I’vemadeamistake.?You’reright,...?I’mafraid

...?Well,...StudentBListentoStudentAtalkingaboutrecycling.Interruptpolitelytocorrecthim/herusingthefollowinginformation:?

Usedbatteriesareusuallyregardedasnon-recyclablewasteandshouldbedisposedofseparately.?ThefirstbatchofcitiestointroducehouseholdwasteclassificationandsortingincludesBeijing,Shanghai,Tianjin,Chongqingandallcapitalsofprovincesandautonomousregions.?Thetargetrecyclingrateinthesecitieshasbeensetat35%by2020.Usefulexpressions?Sorrytointerrupt,but...?Excuseme,butcanIjustask...??CouldIjuststopyouagaintocheck...??DoyoumindifIaskanotherquestion??Sorry,butIwaswonderingwhether...?IsitOKifIjumpinforasecond?Lecturer:Goodafternoon,everyone,andthankyouforcomingtotoday’stalk.I’mDrSmithandI’mgoingtotalkaboutrecycling.Pleasefeelfreetostopmeifyouhaveanyquestions.So,firstofall,thepurposeoftheclassificationofhouseholdwaste.

Theclassificationofhouseholdwasteaimstohelppeopleseparatedifferenttypesofwaste.Thisisimportantbecausethesedifferenttypesofwastecanbedisposedoforrecycledappropriatelyandeffectively.Andhouseholdwastecanberoughlydividedinto:foodwaste;non-recyclablewaste;recyclablewaste,includingpaper,glass,plasticandusedbatteries.StudentB:Sorryforinterrupting,butIknowthatusedbatteriesareusuallyregardedasnon-recyclablewasteandshouldbedisposedofseparately.SampleLecturer:

Sorry,I’vemadeamistake.Youareright.Usedbatteriesarenon-recyclablewaste.Thankyou.

Chinaplanstointroducehouseholdwasteclassificationandsortinginthefirstbatchofcitiesby2020.OnlyBeijing,Shanghai,TianjinandChongqingareincludedinthefirstbatch.StudentB:

CouldIjuststopyouagaintocheckthatyousayonlyBeijing,Shanghai,Tian