初中英語定語從句講解練習(xí)及答案

定語從句【關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句】（一）、定義：在復(fù)合句中，修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。定語從句是指在一個句子中作定語的句子，定語從句要放在所修飾的詞后。如：1)Themanwholivesnexttousisapoliceman.2)YoumustdoeverythingthatIdo.上面兩句中的man和everything是定語從句所修飾的詞，叫先行詞，定語從句放在先行詞的后面。引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞有關(guān)系代詞that,which,who(賓格whom,所有格whose)和關(guān)系副詞where,when、why關(guān)系詞常有三個作用：1、引導(dǎo)定語從句2、代替先行詞3、在定語從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)一個成分（二）、關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句1.who指人，在從句中做主語(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.2.whom指人，在定語從句中充當(dāng)賓語，?？墒÷?。(1)Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.注意：關(guān)系代詞whom在口語和非正式語體中常用who代替，可省略。(2)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.3.which指物，在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(which在句子中做主語)(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(which在句子中做賓語)4.that指人時，相當(dāng)于who或者whom；指物時，相當(dāng)于which。在賓語從句中做主語或者賓語，做賓語時可省略。(1)Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(在句子中做主語)(2)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?(在句子中做賓語)5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定語從句中做定語(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.(2)Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指物時，常用以下結(jié)構(gòu)來代替(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.(4)Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?=Doyoulikethebookisyellow?限制性定語從句中只能用that

引導(dǎo)定語從句的情況

1．當(dāng)先行詞是everything,

anything,

nothing

(something

除外),

all,

none,

few,

little,

some等不定代詞時，或當(dāng)先行詞受every,

any,

all,

some,

no,

little,

few,

much等代詞修飾時。如：

Have

you

taken

down

everything

that

Mr.

Li

said?

There

seems

to

be

nothing

that

is

impossible

to

him

in

the

world.

All

that

can

be

done

has

been

done.

There

is

little

that

I

can

do

for

you.

He

stayed

in

the

library

and

looked

up

any

information

that

they

needed.

注意：當(dāng)先行詞指人時，偶爾也可用關(guān)系代詞who，如：

Any

man

that

/

who

has

a

sense

of

duty

won’t

do

such

a

thing.

All

the

guests

that

/

who

were

invited

to

her

wedding

were

important

people.

2．當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾時。如：

The

first

place

that

they

visited

in

London

was

the

Big

Ben.

3．當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時。如：

This

is

the

best

film

that

I

have

ever

seen.

4．當(dāng)先行詞被the

very,

the

only修飾時。如：

This

is

the

very

dictionary

that

I

want

to

buy.

這正是我要買的詞典。

After

the

fire

in

his

house,

the

old

car

is

the

only

thing

that

he

owns.

注意：當(dāng)先行詞指人時，偶爾也可用關(guān)系代詞who。如：

Wang

Hua

is

the

only

person

in

our

school

who

will

attend

the

meeting.

5．當(dāng)先行詞前面有who,

which等疑問代詞時。如：

Who

is

the

man

that

is

standing

by

the

gate?

Which

is

the

T-shirt

that

fits

me

most?

6．當(dāng)先行詞為人與動物或人與物時。如：

They

talked

about

the

persons

and

things

that

they

remembered

at

school

Look

at

the

man

and

his

donkey

that

are

walking

up

the

street.

7.主句是therebe結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾主語的定語從句用that,而不用which,ThereisabookonthedeskthatbelongstoTom.8.關(guān)系代詞作表語時一般不用who,而用that,Heisnotthemanthathewas.只用which，不用that的情況。

1.定語從句是物時，定語從句由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞which”引導(dǎo)。如：

The

thing

about

which

the

teacher

is

talking

is

very

important.

老師正在談?wù)摰哪羌路浅Ｖ匾?/p>

2.先行詞本身是that,

those時，如：

What’s

that

which

is

flying

in

the

sky?

在天空中飛的那是什么？3.which還有一種特殊用法，它可以引導(dǎo)從句修飾前面的整個主句，代替主句所表示的整體概念或部分概念。在這種從句中，which可以作主語，也可以作賓語或表語，多數(shù)情況下意思與andthis相似。例如：Hesucceededinthecompetition,whichmadehisparentsveryhappy.4.“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞”可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句。此結(jié)構(gòu)中的介詞可以是in,on,about,from,for,with,to,at,of,without等，關(guān)系代詞常常只可用whom或which，不可用that。例如：Theroominwhichthereisamachineisaworkshop.像listento，lookat，dependon，payattentionto，takecareof等固定短語動詞，在定語從句中一般不將介詞與動詞分開。例如：Thisistheboywhomshehastakencareof.That作介詞的賓語，介詞不能放在that的前面，只能放在原來的位置。Thecitythat/whichshelivesinisveryfaraway.【關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句】1．

when

指時間，在定語從句中作時間狀語。

I

still

remember

the

day

when

I

first

came

to

this

school.

The

time

when

we

got

together

finally

arrived.

October

1,

1949

was

the

day

when

the

People’s

Republic

of

China

was

founded.

Do

you

remember

the

years

when

he

lived

in

the

countryside

with

his

grandparents.

2．

where

指地點，在定語從句中作地點狀語。

Shanghai

is

the

city

where

I

was

born.

The

house

where

I

lived

ten

years

ago

has

been

pulled

down.

Is

this

the

place

where

they

fought

the

enemy?

3．

why

指原因，在定語從句中作原因狀語。

Please

tell

me

the

reason

why

you

missed

the

plane.

The

reason

why

he

was

punished

is

unknown

to

us.

注意：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句經(jīng)?？梢杂谩敖樵~+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語從句來表示。如：

From

the

years

when

/

in

which

he

was

going

to

primary

school

in

the

country

he

had

known

what

he

wanted

to

be

when

he

grew

up.

Great

changes

are

taking

place

in

the

city

where

/

in

which

they

live.

The

reason

why

/

for

which

he

refused

the

invitation

is

quite

clear.

限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句

限制性定語從句

形式上：不用逗號“，”與主句隔開。

意義上：是先行詞不可缺少的定語，如刪除，主句則失去意義或意思表達(dá)不完整。

譯法上：譯成先行詞的定語：“．．．的”

關(guān)系詞的使用上：A．作賓語時可省略

B．可用that

C．可用who

代替whom

非限制性定語從句

形式上：用逗號“，”與主句隔開。

意義上：只是對先行詞的補(bǔ)充說明，如刪除，主句仍能表達(dá)完整的意思。

譯法上：通常譯成主句的并列句。

關(guān)系詞的使用上：A．不可省略

B．不用that

C．不可用who

代替whom

限制性定語從句：

The

teacher

told

me

that

Tom

was

the

only

person

that

I

could

depend

on.

China

is

a

country

which

has

a

long

history.

中國是一個歷史悠久的國家。

In

the

street

I

saw

a

man

who

was

from

Africa.

非限制性定語從句舉例：

His

mother,

who

loves

him

very

much,

is

strict

with

him.

China,

which

was

founded

in

1949,

is

becoming

more

and

more

powerful.

Last

summer

I

visited

the

People’s

Great

Hall,

in

which

many

important

meetings

are

held

every

year.

典型例題()1、-Doyouknowtheman______istalkingwithyourfather？-Yes，he‘sourheadmaster.A.heB.whoC.whichD.whom()2、Thegirl______isreadingunderthetree_____mysister.A.which；isB.whom；wasC.who；isD.who；was()3、HaveyouseenthefilmTitanic___actorsareveryfamous?AwhoBwhoseCthatDwhom()4、Annaskedthepoliceman___heworkedtocontacthimwhenevertherewasanaccident.AwithhimBwithwhomCwhoDwhom()5、Achild____parentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.AwhichBhisCwhoseDwith()6、Thisisthereason______hetoldme.A、thatB、whyC、onwhichD、forthat()7、Doyouknowthescientist_______gaveusatalkjustnow?A.whoB.whomC.whichD.whose()8、Thisisthedictionary_______Mumgavemeformybirthday.A.whichB.whatC.whoseD.whom()9、ShaolinTemple________liesinthewestofZhengzhouwelcomesthevisitorsbothathomeandabroad.A.whereB.whichC.whoD.what()10、—Doyouknowthegirl_______isstandingunderthetree?

—Sheismylittlesister.

A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.which三、課后練習(xí)()1.Beijingisthe29thcity_______holdstheOlympicGames.

A.whereB.thatC.whichD.what()2.Haveyoureadthebook_______Igaveyouyesterday?

A.thatB.whenC.where()3.Theman_______cametoourpartywithapresentismyoldfriend.

A.whenB.whichC.who()4.Ilikewriters_______writeshortstories.

A.whichB.whatC.whomD.who()5.Thisisthequestion_______wearetalkingaboutnow.

A.thatB.whoC.whereD.when()6.—Whatareyoulookingfor?

—Iamlookingforthebook_______Iboughtyesterday.

A.whoB.whichC.whose()7.Jack,thereissomeoneintheoffice_______wouldliketospeakwithyou.

A.whoB.whichC.whom()8.Ifabagisfilledwithbooksandpens,itmustbelongtosomeone_______workshard.

A.whichB./C.whomD.who()9.Manyyoungpeoplepreferthesongs_______havegreatlyrics.

A.whichB.whoC.whereD.whom()10.Eventeacherscan’tunderstandsomeexpressions_______theirstudentsuseindailylife.

A.whoseB.whoC.thatD.whom()11.Thebridge____abigshipcangohasbeenbuilt.A.underwhichB.underthatC.inwhichD.onwhich()12.Thebook____istornismine.A.thecoverofwhichB.thecoverofthatC.whichthecoverD.whosecoverof()13.Hetalkedabouttheclassmatesandtheschool____hehadvisited.A.whoB.thatC.whichD.aboutwhich()14.Youhaveseenthegirl____sisterisaChineseteacher.A.whomB.ofwhomC.whoseD.ofwhich()15.Weshoulddoall____isusefultopeople.A./B.thatC.itD.which()16.Wecametoaplace____theyhadneverpaidavisitbefore.A.whichB.inwhichC.onwhichD.towhich()17.Those____finisheddoingitputupyourhands.A.whohaveB.whohasC.whichhaveD.have()19.Theman____wasafriendofmine.A.thatyoujusttalkedtoB.whomyoujusttalkedtohimC.whoyoujusttalkedtohimD.whichyoujusttalkedto()20.Iwenttotheschool____myfatheronceworked.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.onwhich()21.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears_______Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers,_________hasagreateffectonmylife.A.that;whichB.when;whichC.which;thatD.when;who()22.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,_______wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it()23.CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,___personallyIdoubtverymuch.A.itB.thatC.whenD.which()24.Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,___,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.A.whoB.whichC.thisD.what()25.Haveyouseenthefilm"Titanic",________leadingactorisworldfamous?A.itsB.it'sC.whoseD.which典型例題1B2C3b4b5c6a7a8a9b10a課后練習(xí)1B2A3D4D5-9ABADA10C11解析：考查定語從句隨意性關(guān)系引導(dǎo)詞。基本常識：定語從句隨意性關(guān)系引導(dǎo)詞由搭配介詞+which/whom構(gòu)成，先行詞指人用前者，先行詞指事/物用后者。定語從句引導(dǎo)詞的判斷方法為將先行詞想方設(shè)法放入從句，使從句成為一個完整且有先行詞成分的陳述句。此句中，先行詞為thebridge;從句為abigshipcango,二者構(gòu)成的完整句為Abigshipcangounderthebridge.因此，答案為A12解析：考查定語從句隨意性關(guān)系引導(dǎo)詞以及所屬關(guān)系引導(dǎo)詞。此句中先行詞為thebook,從句應(yīng)為coveristorn,二者構(gòu)成的完整句為thecoverofthebookistorn.因此隨意性關(guān)系引導(dǎo)詞結(jié)構(gòu)為thecoverofwhich或所屬關(guān)系引導(dǎo)詞結(jié)構(gòu)whosecover.因此，答案為A13解析：考查先行詞即指人又指物的定語從句相同意思引導(dǎo)詞。定語從句相同意思引導(dǎo)詞基本要點，無論限定性還是非限定性定語從句的主賓表引導(dǎo)詞均為相同意思引導(dǎo)詞。先行詞指事物的情況，用引導(dǎo)詞which.此句中，先行詞為theclassmatesandtheschool，從句為hehadvisited,二者構(gòu)成的完整句為Hehadvisitedtheclassmatesandtheschool.所以不難發(fā)現(xiàn)先行詞在限定性定語從句中作visited的賓語使用，先行詞既指人又指物。因此，答案為B14解析：考查定語從句所屬關(guān)系引導(dǎo)詞。此句先行詞為thegirl，定語從句為sisterisaChineseteacher，二者構(gòu)成的完整句為Thegirl'ssisterisaChineseteacher.先行詞的's所有格構(gòu)成的所屬關(guān)系結(jié)構(gòu)在從句中作定語。因此，答案只能為C.定語從句固定關(guān)系引導(dǎo)詞相關(guān)要點：先行詞在定語從句中除作從句主賓表成分以外的成分，均為相關(guān)意思引導(dǎo)詞，其中包括固定關(guān)系引導(dǎo)詞和隨意性關(guān)系引導(dǎo)詞。固定關(guān)系引導(dǎo)詞只有when(時間關(guān)系)，where（地點關(guān)系），why(先行詞為thereason,原因關(guān)系）whose（所屬關(guān)系，包括's所有格關(guān)系和of所有格關(guān)系，由whose修飾的名詞成分前不能用冠詞成分，whose應(yīng)為名詞的前置性定語成分）；隨意性關(guān)系引導(dǎo)詞為相關(guān)搭配介詞+which/whom構(gòu)成的引導(dǎo)詞結(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)。15解析：考查限定性定語從句中先行詞為不定代詞的相同意思引導(dǎo)詞。此句中先行詞all為不定代詞，從句為isusefultopeople，從句缺主語，二者構(gòu)成的完整句為Allisusefultopeople.為了便于理解，All=Allthethings/everything.所以從句的完整句還可以寫成Everythingisusefultopeople;或Allthethingsareusefultopeople.因此，答案為B16解析：考查定語從句隨意性關(guān)系引導(dǎo)詞。此句先行詞為aplace,從句為theyhadneverpaidavisitbefore,二者構(gòu)成的完整句為Theyhadneverpaidavisittotheplacebefore.因此，答案為D。此句的可轉(zhuǎn)換概念進(jìn)行相同意思引導(dǎo)詞的考查，題干為Wecametoaplace_____theyhadnevervisitedbefore.其答案可以為which/that/省略引導(dǎo)詞。17解析：考查為指示代詞在從句中作主語的指代分析以及引導(dǎo)詞的數(shù)量。此句中，th