2022屆高三英語培優(yōu)外刊閱讀學(xué)案：流感話題

高三英語培優(yōu)外刊閱讀外刊精選｜新冠流感一起來？人類能否扛住“雙重暴擊”？自新冠疫情以來，就有人擔(dān)心：季節(jié)性流感和新冠病毒是否會一起出現(xiàn)，會不會造成“雙重感染”，甚至帶來“超級病毒”。但最近有研究顯示，一類病毒的蔓延，其實(shí)可能帶來另一類病毒的消退。這其中原理何在？WhyaCoronavirus-Flu?Twindemic?MayNeverHappenAnintriguingtheorymayhelpexplainwhythefluandCovid-19nevergrippedthenationsimultaneously—theso-calledtwindemicthatmanypublichealthexpertshadfeared.Theideaisthatitwasn’tjustmasks,socialdistancingorotherpandemicrestrictionsthatcausedfluandotherrespiratoryvirusestofadewhilethecoronavirusreigned,andtoresurgeasitreceded.Rather,exposuretoonerespiratoryvirusmayputthebody’simmunedefensesonhighalert,barringotherintrudersfromgainingentryintotheairways.Thisbiologicalphenomenon,calledviralinterference,maycaptheamountofrespiratoryviruscirculatinginaregionatanygiventime.Beforethecoronavirusbecameaglobalthreat,influenzawasamongthemostcommonsevererespiratoryinfectionseachyear.The2019-2020fluseasonwaswindingdownbeforethecoronavirusbegantoragethroughtheworld,soitwasunclearhowthetwovirusesmightbeinfluencingeachother.Manyexpertsfearedthattheviruseswouldcollidethenextyearinatwindemic,swampinghospitals.Thoseworrieswerenotrealized.Casesremainedunusuallylowthroughoutthe2020-2021fluseason,asthecoronaviruscontinuedtocirculate.Still,thebehaviorofvirusescanbegreatlyinfluencedbytheirrapidevolution,andbysocietalrestrictionsandvaccinationpatterns.Sothepotentialimpactofviralinterferenceisunlikelytobecomeapparenttillthecoronavirussettlesintoapredictableendemicpattern.【詞匯過關(guān)】請寫出下面文單詞在文章中的中文意思。1.twindemicn.___________________________2.intriguing[?n?tri?ɡ??]adj.___________________________3.reign[re?n]v.___________________________4.phenomenon[f??n?m?n?n]n.___________________________5.cap[k?p]v.___________________________【詞塊學(xué)習(xí)】請從文章中找到下面中文相對應(yīng)的文詞塊。1.掌控國家_______________________________________2.處于高度警戒狀態(tài)_______________________________________3.逐漸下降_______________________________________拓展練習(xí)閱讀理解It’speakcoldandfluseason,whichmeanstakingalotofpreventativemeasures.Frequenthand-washingisamust,asisavoidingco-workersorfriendswhoaresick.Butwehumansarenottheonlyanimalsthatchangebehaviorstokeepdiseasesatbay.Sodoants.“Sotherearetheforagers(工蟻)andthenurses—it’stwodifferentgroupsofwork,”saidNathaoftheUniversityofLausanne.Sheandhercolleaguesobservedantstoseetheirreactiontothepresenceofadisease.“Thenursesbeingmadeofyoungworkerstypically,stayinsidethenestandtakecareoftheeggs.Andtheforagersarealltheworkersspendingmostoftimeatoutsideofthenesttocollectfoodanddefendtheterritory.”Foragerantsareatgreaterriskofgettingexposedtodiseasesbecausetheyleavethesafetyofthenest.Sotheresearcherssprayedacommonvirusonasmallgroupofforagerantsandthenfollowedtheirmovementstoseethewayotherantsreacted.“Wemarkedallantsinthecolonywithindividuallabels,whichcarriesthesetwo-dimensionalbarcodemarkslikeQRcodewhichisautomaticallydetectedandrecordedusingatrackingsystem.”Aftertheinfection,thenurseandforagerantsstayedwithintheirworkingplacesandinteractedlessoutsideoftheirworkgroup.Theresearchersalsosawthatforagerantsspentmoretimeoutsideofthenest.“Theyincreasethatamountby15percent,sobyquitealargeamount.”Isolatingbehaviorstopsthespreadofthevirus.“Somethingthat’squiteinterestingintheseantsthat’sbeenshownbythestudyisthatintheirabilitytoavoidinfectingothermembersofthecommunity,antsmaybemoreadvancedthanweare,”Nathasaid.12.Howdidtheresearcherstracktheinfectedants?A.Theylabeledthemovementsofinfectedants.B.TheyusedtheQRcodestofollowtheants’movements.C.Theyhadsomenurseandforagerantsinfectedwiththevirus.D.Theyappliedatrackingtechnologytorecordtheants’movements.13.Howdidtheantsactafterbeinginfected?A.Foragerantsstayedinsidethenestmore.B.Infectedantstendedtostayawayfromhealthyants.C.Thenursesstayedinsidethenest,workingandlivingasusual.D.15%moreforagerantsstayedoutsideaftertheywereinfected.14.What’sNatha’sattitudetowardants’behaviors?A.Doubtful. B.Objective. C.Appreciative. D.Conservative.15.Whatistrueaboutants?A.Theycanchangebehaviourstopreventdiseases.B.Theyarehighlycooperativeandadaptable.C.Foragerantshavebetterresiliencethannurseants.D.Antssocietiesaremoreadvancedthanhumansocieties.外刊精選答案【詞匯過關(guān)】請寫出下面文單詞在文章中的中文意思。1.twindemicn.流感和新冠肺炎同時爆發(fā)大流行2.intriguing[?n?tri?ɡ??]adj.有趣的;引人入勝的;神秘的3.reign[re?n]v.統(tǒng)治;當(dāng)政;為王;為君;4.phenomenon[f??n?m?n?n]n.現(xiàn)象;杰出的人;非凡的人5.cap[k?p]v.限額收取(或支出);勝過;超過【詞塊學(xué)習(xí)】請從文章中找到下面中文相對應(yīng)的文詞塊。1.gripthenation掌控國家2.onhighalert處于高度警戒狀態(tài)=3.windingdown逐漸下降【全文翻譯】新冠流感“雙重大流行”不太可能發(fā)生，原因何在？許多公共衛(wèi)生專家都擔(dān)心，會有一場新冠加流感的“雙重大流行”。有一個有趣的理論，或許可以解釋，為什么這兩種流行病從未同時席卷全國。新冠病毒盛行時，流感和其他呼吸道病毒出現(xiàn)了消退，但新冠疫情緩和時，卻又再次復(fù)生。該理論認(rèn)為，戴口罩、保持社交距離和其他疫情防控措施，并不是導(dǎo)致這種此消彼長的唯一原因。一個更有可能的原因是，在接觸到一種呼吸道病毒時，身體的免疫防御系統(tǒng)會進(jìn)入高度警戒狀態(tài)，阻止其他入侵者進(jìn)入呼吸道。這種生物學(xué)現(xiàn)象叫作“病毒干擾”，它也許能限制呼吸道病毒在特定時間內(nèi)、在某個區(qū)域內(nèi)的傳播數(shù)量。在新冠病毒成為全球威脅之前，流感是每年