Unit1ScienceandscientistsReadingandthinking課件高中英語人教版選擇性(1)2

Unit1ScienceandScientists

ReadingandThinking

JohnSnowDefeats“KingCholera”LearningobjectivesBytheendofthisclass,studentswillgetinformationabouthowJohnSnowdefeatedcholera;summarizethestagesofscientificresearch;talkaboutthesignificanceandcontributionofJohn’sworkLeadin

Areyoufamiliarwiththesesituations?MaskupGetvaccinatedSelf-isolationPositivemeasuresaretakentofightagainstCovid-19.coronavirus[k??r??n?va?r?s]④Besidescoronavirus,whatotherkindsofepidemics(流行病)doyouknow?bird-flu（禽流感）malaria[m??leri?]（瘧疾）plague[ple?ɡ]（鼠疫）Ebola[??b??l?](埃博拉)①②③WhohelpeddefeatMalaria?MALARIAWhodefeatedCholera?JohnSnowSymptomsofcholeralossofliquid(缺水)dehydration

(脫水)severevomiting(嘔吐)diarrhea(腹瀉)Itbeginsinthestomachandaseverecasecanleadtodeathwithoutimmediatetreatment.PredictionJohnSnow

Defeats“KingCholera”Who?How?What?Thetextismainlyabout____________and_______hedefeatedkingcholera.howJohnSnowscientificresearch?Task1:Putthesevenresearchstagesinorder.

analyzetheresults

askaquestion

collectdata

thinkofamethod

findaproblem

findsupportingevidence

drawaconclusionPara2&3

StagesofScientificResearchActivity1:Readthetextquicklyandmatchthemainidea.Para.1Para.2Para.4Para.5JohnSnowdesiredtodestroycholera.JohnSnowdecidedtoprove

thesecond

theory.Snowbeganhisstudybymarkingonthemap.Truthoftheinfectionofcholera.Snow's

contributions.Para.3FastreadingWhoWhatHowHowCarefulReadingPara.1Research

background2.Whywasthediseasecalled“KingCholera”?Cholerausedtobeoneofthemostfeareddiseasesintheworld,untilaBritishdoctor,JohnSnow,showedhowitcouldbeovercome.Thisillnesscausesseverediarrhoea,dehydration,andevendeath.Intheearly19thcentury,whenanoutbreakofcholerahitEurope,millionsofpeoplediedfromthedisease.Asayoungdoctor,JohnSnowbecamefrustratedbecausenooneknewhowtopreventortreatcholera.Intime,herosetobecomeafamousdoctor,andevenattendedtoQueenVictoriawhenshegavebirth.However,heneverlosthisdesiretodestroycholeraonceandforall.expert/experienced/knowledgeabledeadlyuncontrollable“King”1.WhoisJohnSnow?Ingeneral,doctorsinthosedayshadtwocontradictorytheoriestoexplainhowcholeraspread.Onetheorywasthatbadaircausedthedisease.Anotherwasthatcholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfoodorwater.Snowsubscribedtothesecondtheory.Itwascorrect,buthestillneededproof.Consequently,whenanoutbreakofcholerahitLondonin1854,Snowbegantoinvestigate.Hediscoveredthatintwoparticularstreetsthecholeraoutbreakwassoseverethatmorethan500peoplediedintendays.Hewasdeterminedtofindoutwhy.1.Whatarethetwotheories?WhichtheorydidJohnSnowthinkwasreasonable?2.WhatdidJohnSnowinvestigatewhenanotheroutbreakhitLondonin1854?Para.2Findaproblem→AskaquestionWhatdoestheredstarsstandfor?Multipledeathshappenedhere.Whatdoesthegreenstarsstandfor?Nodeathhappenedhere.Why?CLUE:freebeerHesuspectedthatthewaterfromthepumpwastoblame.Butheneededproofs!1.WhatmethoddidSnowuse?2.Whatdidhefindonthemap?Whatdidhedotodealwithit?AmapofBroadStreetPara.3Para.3Analyzetheresults→Findsupportingevidence Snowbeganbymarkingonamaptheexactplaceswhereallthosewhodiedhadlived.ThereweremultipledeathsnearthewaterpumpinBroadStreet(especiallyhousenumbers16,37,38,and40).However,somehouseholds(suchas20and21BroadStreet,and8and9Cambridge8Street)hadhadnodeaths.Thesepeopleworkedinthepubat7CambridgeStreet.Theyhadbeengivenfreebeer,andsohadnotdrunkthewaterfromthepump.Snowsuspectedthatthewaterpumpwastoblame.Whatismore,inanotherpartofLondon,awomanandherdaughterhaddiedofcholeraaftermovingawayfromBroadStreet.Itseemedthatthewomanlikedthewaterfromthepumpsomuchthatshehaditdeliveredtoherhouseeveryday.…multipleHowevernodeathsthewaterpumpwastoblamePara.3Drawaconclusion Asaresultofthisevidence,JohnSnowwasabletoannouncethatthepumpwatercarriedcholeragerms.Accordingly,hehadthehandleofthepumpremovedsothatitcouldnotbeused.Throughthisintervention,thediseasewasstoppedinitstracks.announcePumpwatercarriedthecholeragerms.Remove

thehandleofthepumpThediseasewasstoppedSnowhadthe_______ofthepump

removed.EItwasbelievedthatcholerawascausedby_______orgermsin_____________.ASnow_________________theplaceswherepeoplewho_____hadlived.BbadairfoodorwatermarkedondiedThepumpwatercarried____________.DcholeragermshandleamapManydeathsoccurrednearthe__________inBroadStreet.Somepeople_______drunkthewaterfromthepump,andlived.AwomanandherdaughterdiedinanotherpartofLondonafter____________

______________.CwaterpumphadnotfromthepumpdrinkingwaterTask3ReadPara.2-3againandcompletethechartbelow.conclusionevidenceprocesssolutiontheoriesconclusionevidenceprocesssolutiontheoriesWatercompaniesbegantosellcleanwater.Thethreatofcholeraaroundtheworlddecreased.Hehelpedpeopleknowhowtopreventcholera.Snowtransformedthewayscientistsstudydiseases.2.WhatcontributionsdidJohnSnowmake?TheFatherofModernEpidemiology1.What

causedtheoutbreakofcholerainLondonin1854?ReadPara.4-5andanswerthequestions.WatercompaniessoldwaterfromtheRiverThamesthatwaspollutedbyrawwaste,causingpeoplewhodrankthiswatertogetcholera.Inordernottogetinfectedwithdisease,whatshouldwepayattention