最常見的臨床手術(shù)英語

演講人：日期：最常見的臨床手術(shù)英語目錄SurgicalOverviewandClassificationAnesthesiaandanalyticaltechniquesDiscriminationandbasicoperationstandardsCuttingSutureTechniquesandMaterialSelectionHeterostasisandtransfertreatmentstrategiesPreventionandtreatmentplanforapplications01SurgicalOverviewandClassificationSurgeryisabranchofmedicinethattreatsdiseases,injuries,anddeformitiesthroughmanualorinstrumentaloperationsThepurposeofsurgeryistorestoreorimprovebodilyfunctions,relievepain,removepathologicalissues,orrepairdamagedstructuresDefinitionandpurposeofsurgeryPlasticsurgeryAimstoimprovetheappearanceandfunctionofbodypartsthroughsurgicalandmedicaltechniquesGeneralsurgeryCoversawiderangeofsurgicalprocedures,includingdomestic,breast,vaginal,andendocrinesurgeriesOrthopedicsurgeryFocusesonthediagnosisandtreatmentofmusculoskeletaldisorders,suchasfractures,dispositions,arthritis,andspinaldisordersNeurosurgeryDealswiththesurgicaltreatmentofdiseasesanddisordersofthebrain,spinalcord,andnervesCommontypesofsurgeriesIndicationsSurgicalmethodsareselectedbasedonthepatient'scondition,thenatureandlocationofthediseaseorinjury,andthelarge-scaleexpertiseSafetyThesafetyofthepatientistheprimaryconcernwhenselectingsurgicalmethodsThelargewillassesstherisksandbenefitsofeachoptionandchoosethesafetyapproachEfficiencyThelargewillconsidertheexpectedoutcomeofthelargeandselectthemethodthatismostlikelytoachievethedesiredresultSelectioncriteriaforsurgicalmethodsPatientpreferenceInsomecases,thepatient'spreferencemayalsobetakenintoaccountwhenselectingsurgicalmethodsSelectioncriteriaforsurgicalmethodsMedicalhistoryandphysicalexaminationThelargewillreviewthepatient'smedicalhistory,performaphysicalexamination,andordernecessaryteststoassessthepatient'soverallhealthstatusandmajorriskInformedconsentThesurgewillexplainthenatureofthesurge,itsrisksandbenefits,andtheexpectedoutcometothepatientandobservedinformedconsentPreoperationalinstructionsThesurgewillprovidepreoperativeinstructionstothepatient,suchasfastbeforesurge,stoppingcentralmedicine,andshowingwithanantimicrobialsoapPreoperationalevaluationandpreparationPsychologicalpreparationThelargemayalsoprovidepsychologicalsupporttohelpthepatientscopewithanxietyandstressbeforesurgeryPreoperationalevaluationandpreparation02AnesthesiaandanalyticaltechniquesAnesthesiaisareversiblelossofsensing,includingpaint,temperature,touch,andsomeconsiderationsDifferenttypesofAnesthesiaincludelocal,regional,andgeneralAnesthesiaThechoiceofAnesthesiadependsonthesurgicalprocedure,thepatient'scondition,andtheAnesthesiologist'sassessmentIntroductiontoAnesthesiamethodsLocalasesthesiainvolvestheinvestmentofasestheticagentsnearnervesorintoissuestonumaspecificareaCommonlocalaestheticsincludelidocaine,bupivacaine,andropivacaineLocalanesthesiacanbeadministeredthroughvarioustechniquessuchasinfiltration,nerveblock,andtopapplicationLocalanesthesiatechnologiesGeneralanesthesiarendersthepatientunconsciousandunabletofeelpaidorrememberthesurgicalprocedureItisstylishlyadministeredthroughinflationofgasesorinvasiveinjectionofdrugsTheanesthesiologistcloselymonitorsthepatient'svitalsignsandadjuststheanesthesiologicallevelasneededduringtheprocedureGeneralanesthesiatechnologies輸入標(biāo)題02010403PostoperativeanalyticalmeasuresPostoperativepaymanagementiscriticalforpatientcomfortandrecoveryTheasesthesiologistorsurgeonwillprovidepositivepaymanagementinstructionsdetailedtothepatient'sneedsandsurgicalprocedureOtherpaintreliefmeasuresincludeicepacks,elevationofthesurgicalsite,andrelaxationtechniquesAnalgesicmedicinesuchasopioids,nonsteroidalantiinflammatorydrugs(NSAIDs),andacetaminophencanbesubscribed03DiscriminationandbasicoperationstandardsPrinciplesandmethodsofdiscriminationEstablisharegularinterferencescheduleforsurgicalinstruments,equipment,andthesurgicalenvironmentRegularinterferenceChooseinhibitorsbasedonthetypeofmicroorganisms,thenatureofthecoordinatedobject,andtheenvironmentalconditionsSelectionofappropriateinhibitorsFollowthemanufacturer'sinstructionsforuse,includingdifferentiationrates,contacttime,andapplicationmethodsCorrectuseofdefectsStrictalkalinetechnologyFollowstrictalkalinetechnologiesduringsurgicalprocedures,includingproperhandling,wearingsterileglovesandgowns,andmaintainingasterilefieldSterilizationofsurgicalinstrumentsEnsurethatallsurgicalinstrumentsareproperlysterilizedbeforeusePreventionofcrosscontaminationTakemeasurestopreventcrosscontaminationbetweensterileandnonsterileareasKeypointsofsterileoperationtechnologyCleanandtidyoperatingroom01MaintainacleanandtidyoperatingroomtoreducetheriskofinfectionControloftrafficandpersonnel02LimitthenumberofpersonnelintheoperatingroomandcontrolthemovementofpersonneltominimizetheriskofcontrolAirqualitycontrol03MaintainappropriateairqualityintheoperatingroomthroughproperventilationandairfiltrationsystemsOperatingRoomEnvironmentalManagementRequirementsSegregationofdefectivewasteSegregatedefectivewastefromothertypesofwastetopreventcrosscontaminationSafedisposalofdefectivewasteDisposeofdefectivewastesafely,followinglocalregulationsandguidelinesforthehandlingofhazardouswasteTrainingandeducationProvidetrainingandeducationtostaffonthepropertyhandlinganddisposalofdefectivewastetoensurecompliancewithsafetyprotocolsInfectionwastetreatmentprocess04CuttingSutureTechniquesandMaterialSelectionBasicprinciplesofinvestmentsurveyingSterilizationandalkalinetechnologyMaintainasterilesurgicalfieldandusealkalinetechnologythroughtheproceduretominimizetheriskofinfectionIssuehandlingHandleissuesgenerouslytominimizetraumaandensureoptimalhealingLayerclosureClosedecisionsinlayers,startingwithdeepstructuresandprogressingtosuperioronesTensionfreeapproximationapproximateissueedgeswithouttensiontoreducetheriskofillnessandscarringSimpleinterruptedsuturesUsedforclosingskinimpactsorsmallrounds,withindividualstitchesplacedatintervalsalongtheroundedgeInvolvesarunningstickthatisusedtocloselongerimpactsorsounds,advancingamoreuniformclosureAtypeofinterruptedsurfaceplacednexttotheskinsurface,resultinginaCosmeticallyappliedscaleUsedtoeventissueedges,particularlyinareaswheregoodcosmeticsisdesired,suchasthefaceContinuoussituationSubcircularsurfaceVerticalmatresssutureIntroductiontodifferentissuereportingmethodsAbsorbablevs.nonabsorbentAbsorbablecoversaregraduallybrokendownbythebodyanddonotrequireremoval,whilenonabsorbentcoversmustberemovedafteracertainperiodoftimeTensilestrengthSuturesmusthavesufficienttensionstrengthtoholdissueedgestogetherwithoutbreakingIssuereactivitySuturesshouldminimizeissuereactiontominimizeinflationandscalingEasyofhandlingSuturesshouldbeeasytohandleandtiesecurelytoensureatightclosureComparisonandselectioncriteriaofpresentmaterialpropertiesVSStitchesarestylishlyremovedwhenthesoundhasheardsignificantlyandtheriskofillnessislowThespecifictimingdependsonthelocationoftheround,thetypeofsuturematerialused,andthepatient'soverallhealthstatusPrecautionsRemovesticksgenerouslytoavoiddamagingtheheatingissueUsesteriletechniquetominimizetheriskofinfectionInstrumentthepatientonproperwoundcareafterstitchremovaltopromotecontinuedheatingandminimizescarringTimingTimingandprecautionsforremovingsticks05HeterostasisandtransfertreatmentstrategiesClassificationandapplicationscenariosofhomeostaticmethodsHydrostaticdrugsincludingtopicandsystemichemostaticdrugs,usedtocontrolbleedingcausedbycoagulationdisordersorsurgicalproceduresPhysicalhomeostasisincludingpressure,ligation,andembellishment,suitableforsurgicalwoundsandtraumatichemorrageSurgicalhomeostasisincludingsuturing,ligation,andelectrocoagulation,usedtocontrolbleedingduringsurgery010203Indicationsforbloodtransferincludingacutemassivebloodloss,chronicanemia,andcoagulationdisordersPreventivemeasuresforapplicationsincludingstrictscreeningofbloodsources,crossmatchingofbloodtypes,andmonitoringofvitalsignsduringtransferPosttransfercareincludingobservationofthepatient'sconditionandtimelyhandlingofadversereactionsIndicationsforbloodtransferandproactivemeasuresforcompositesPreoperativeautologousblooddonationpatientsdonatetheirow