醫(yī)學(xué)英語高頻詞匯02+心血管系統(tǒng)

??管系統(tǒng)?頻詞匯 第?課01.

atrial

[‘e?tr??l]心房的atri/o(atrium)

-al(pertaining

to)The

study

participants

were

65

years

old

or

older,

with

a

history

ofhypertension

butno

history

of

atrial

fibrillation.

They

were

followedfor

approximately

2.5

years.該研究的研究對(duì)象為65

歲及以上的人群，有高血壓史但未發(fā)現(xiàn)房顫。這項(xiàng)研究跟蹤了2年半。source:【medical-news】Atrial

ArrhythmiasbyPacemakersIncreaseRisk

ofStroke02.

sinoatrial

node[,sain?u'etri?l][n??d]竇房結(jié)Stemcell-derived

nodal-like

cardiomyocytes

as

a

novelpharmacologic

tool:

insights

from

sinoatrial

node

development

andfunction.干細(xì)胞衍生的節(jié)狀心肌細(xì)胞作為一種新的藥理學(xué)工具：竇房結(jié)發(fā)育和功能的研究。source:

Pharmacol

Rev.

2015;67(2):368-88.03.

atrioventricular

node

[,etr?ov?n'tr?kj?l?][n??d]房室結(jié)ventricul/o(ventricle)Thesinus

venosus

myocardium

contributes

to

the

atrioventricularcanal:

potential

role

during

atrioventricular

node

development?

竇靜脈心肌參與房室通道：房室結(jié)發(fā)育中的潛在作用？source:

J

Cell

Mol

Med.

2015

Jun;19(6):1375-89.04.

atrioventricular

bundle[,etr?ov?n‘tr?kj?l?] [’b?ndl]

房室束Dilatedcardiomyopathy:the

role

ofleftbranch

of

atrioventricularbundle

block

in

leftventricular

walls

longitudinal

strain

indiceschange.擴(kuò)張型心肌?。悍渴沂蠓种ё铚谧笮氖冶诳v向應(yīng)變指數(shù)變化中的作用

。source:

Klin

Khir.

2015

Mar;(3):23-5.05.ventricle

[‘ventr?k(?)l]

心室,腦室Medialextension

involves

the

third

ventricle

and

causesintraventricular

hemorrhage.向內(nèi)側(cè)擴(kuò)展則累及第三腦室并引起腦室內(nèi)出血。來自梁平教授06.

interventricular

septum[,int?ven‘trikjul?][’sept?m]

室間隔inter-(between)-ar(pertaining

to)ventricul/o(ventricle)-um(structure)The

interventricular

septum

in

pulmonary

hypertension

does

notshowfeatures

ofright

ventricular

failure.肺動(dòng)脈高壓的室間隔沒有顯示出右室衰竭的特征。source:IntJ

Cardiol.

2014

May

15;173(3):509-12.07.

endocarditis

[,end??kɑ?'da?t?s]

心內(nèi)膜炎endo-(within)

cardi/o(heart)-itis(inflammation)pericarditis

(the

most

frequent

cardiac

manifestation)

andendocarditis

also

occur

fairly

frequently.心包炎(是最常見的心臟表現(xiàn))和心內(nèi)膜炎也相當(dāng)頻繁。來自梁平教授08.

endocardium

[,end??‘kɑ?d??m]心內(nèi)膜-um(structure)Lesions

ofthe

mural

endocardium

also

may

occur

in

rheumaticfever.風(fēng)濕熱時(shí)也可發(fā)生壁性心內(nèi)膜病變。來自梁平教授09.

myocardium[,ma??(?)'kɑ?d??m]心肌my/o(muscle)The

typical

example

ofthe

impairmentof

the

contractile

force

is

MI,in

which

the

leftventricular

myocardium

becomes

necrotic

and

isre-placed

by

useless

and

noncontracting

fibrous

tissues.收縮力受損的典型例子是心肌梗死，心肌梗死時(shí)左心室的心肌壞死，并為無收縮力的無用的纖維組織所取代。來自梁平教授10.pericardium

[,p?r?‘kɑrd??m]心包peri-(surrounding)Pericarditis

is

an

inflammation

ofthe

membrane

(pericardium)surrounding

the

heart.心包炎是圍繞在心臟外的一層膜(心包)的炎癥。來自梁平教授Terminology

Reviewatrial

[‘e?tr??l]

心房的sinoatrial

node

[,sain?u'etri?l][n??d]竇房結(jié)atrioventricular

node

[,etr?ov?n'tr?kj?l?][n??d]房室結(jié)atrioventricular

bundle

[,etr?ov?n'tr?kj?l?] ['b?ndl]

房室束ventricle

[‘ventr?k(?)l]

心室,腦室interventricular

septum

[,int?ven‘trikjul?][’sept?m]

室間隔endocarditis

[,end??kɑ?'da?t?s]

心內(nèi)膜炎endcardium[,end??‘kɑ?d??m]心內(nèi)膜myocardium[,ma??(?)'kɑ?d??m]心肌pericardium

[,p?r?‘kɑrd??m]心包??管系統(tǒng)?頻詞匯

第?課11.

pericarditis

[,per?kɑ?'da?t?s]

心包炎Pericarditis(the

most

frequent

cardiac

manifestation)

andendocarditis

also

occur

fairly

frequently.心包炎(是最常見的心臟表現(xiàn))和心內(nèi)膜炎也相當(dāng)頻繁。來自梁平教授12.pericardiocentesis[’peri,kɑ:di?usenti:sis]

心包穿刺術(shù)-centesis(surgical

puncture)Survival

rates

after

pericardiocentesis

ranged

from

85%

at

oneyear

to

50%atfive

yearsand

10%

at

10

years,

the

reportindicates.報(bào)告指出：行心包穿刺放液術(shù)的1年生存率達(dá)85%，5

年生存率達(dá)50%，10

年生存率達(dá)10%。source:

J

Rheumatol.

2006

Nov;33(11):2173-7.13.

aorta[e?‘??t?]主動(dòng)脈aort/o(aorta)Theblood

is

then

delivered

through

the

branches

ofthe

aorta

tothe

tissues

of

the

body,

where

it

loses

oxygen,

picks

up

carbondioxide,

and

returns

to

the

rightside

ofthe

heart

to

begin

itsdouble

cycle

all

over

again.隨后，血液經(jīng)主動(dòng)脈的分支運(yùn)送到全身的組織中，在那里釋出氧，帶走二氧化碳，并流回到心臟的右側(cè)，又重新開始其雙循環(huán)。來自梁平教授14.

aorticstenosis[e‘?rt?k][st?’nos?s]

主動(dòng)脈瓣狹窄-stenosis(narrowing)Challenges

in

the

echocardiographic

assessment

of

aorticstenosis.主動(dòng)脈狹窄超聲心動(dòng)圖評(píng)估的挑戰(zhàn)source:

Future

Cardiol.

2014

Jul;10(4):541-52.15.

aortic

dissection[da?'sek?n]主動(dòng)脈夾層Cocaine

use

isimplicated

in

1.8%of

patientswith

acute

aorticdissection.可卡因的使用與1.8%的急性主動(dòng)脈夾層患者的發(fā)病相關(guān)source:

Am

J

Med.

2014

Sep;127(9):878-85.16.

aortic

aneurysm

[‘?nj?r?z?m]

主動(dòng)脈瘤aneurysm/o(widened

blood

vessel)Advancedcomplicated

diabetes

mellitus

is

associated

with

areduced

risk

of

thoracic

and

abdominal

aortic

aneurysm

rupture:

apopulation-based

cohort

study.晚期疑難糖尿病與胸腹主動(dòng)脈瘤破裂風(fēng)險(xiǎn)呈負(fù)相關(guān)：一項(xiàng)基于人群的隊(duì)列研究。source:

Diabetes

Metab

ResRev.

2015

Feb;31(2):190-7.17.valve[v?lv]

瓣膜FDA

reviewers

saidMonday

that

theSapien

TranscatheterHeartValve

met

study

endpoints

for

safety

and

effectiveness

as

anoption

for

high-risk

patientswith

severe

aorticstenosis,butraisedconcerns

about

an

increased

risk

for

stroke.周一，F(xiàn)DA評(píng)審員說針對(duì)高位嚴(yán)重主動(dòng)脈狹窄患者的SapienTranscatheter

Heart

Valve

研究達(dá)到了安全終點(diǎn)和療效終點(diǎn)，但研究顯示患者的卒中風(fēng)險(xiǎn)增加。source:

【medical-news】Heart

Valve

Safe,

Effective,

FDA

Staff

Says18.aortic

valve主動(dòng)脈瓣Cusp

repair

during

aortic

valve-sparing

operation:

technicalaspects

and

impacton

results.主動(dòng)脈瓣保留手術(shù)中的尖瓣修復(fù)：技術(shù)方法對(duì)結(jié)果的影響source:

J

Cardiovasc

Med

(Hagerstown).

2015

Apr;16(4):310-7.19.

pulmonary

valve

肺動(dòng)脈瓣P(guān)ulmonary

valve

preservation

and

restoration

strategies

for

repairof

tetralogyof

Fallot.Fallot四聯(lián)癥肺動(dòng)脈瓣的保存與修復(fù)策略source:Cardiol

Young.2014

Dec;24(6):1088-94.20.mitralvalve

['ma?tr(?)l]

二尖瓣Mitral

valve

plasty

for

idiopathicrupture

ofmitral

valve

posteriorchordae

in

infants.二尖瓣成形術(shù)治療嬰幼兒特發(fā)性二尖瓣后腱索斷裂。source:

Ann

ThoracCardiovasc

Surg.2014;20(2):150-4.Epub

2013

Apr

5Terminology

Reviewpericarditis[,per?kɑ?'da?t?s]

心包炎pericardiocentesis

[’peri,kɑ:di?usenti:sis]心包穿刺術(shù)aorta

[e?'??t?]主動(dòng)脈aorticstenosis

[e‘?rt?k][st?’nos?s]

主動(dòng)脈瓣狹窄aortic

dissection

[da?'sek?n]

主動(dòng)脈夾層aortic

aneurysm

['?nj?r?z?m]主動(dòng)脈瘤valve

[v?lv]瓣膜aorticvalve

主動(dòng)脈瓣pulmonary

valve肺動(dòng)脈瓣mitral

valve

['ma?tr(?)l]二尖瓣??管系統(tǒng)?頻詞匯

第三課21.tricuspid

valve

[tra?'k?sp?d]三尖瓣tri-(three)The

surgical

treatmentofisolated

and

concomitanttricuspid

valvedisease,

especially

functional

tricuspid

valve

regurgitation,remains

controversial.手術(shù)治療孤立性和伴隨性三尖瓣病變，尤其是功能性三尖瓣反流，仍然存在爭(zhēng)議。source:

EuroIntervention.

2015

Sep;11

Suppl

W:W128-32.22.

valvularregurgitation

['v?lvj?l?][r??ɡ?:d??'te??n]瓣膜返流valvul/o(valve)

re-(backward)Valvular

Regurgitation

Using

Portable

Echocardiography

in

aHealthy

StudentPopulation:

Implications

for

Rheumatic

HeartDisease

Screening.在健康人群中使用便攜式超聲心動(dòng)圖檢查瓣膜返流：風(fēng)濕性心臟病篩查的意義。source:

J

Am

Soc

Echocardiogr.

2015

Aug;28(8):981-8.23.

valvular

stenosis

[st?'n??s?s]

瓣膜狹窄Isolated

congenital

valvular

stenosis

ofeither

aortic

or

pulmonaryvalve

is

commonly

seen

yetthe

presence

ofboth

these

lesions

inthe

same

patient

is

rare.孤立性先天性瓣膜狹窄的主動(dòng)脈瓣或肺動(dòng)脈瓣是常見的，但這兩種病變共存于同一患者是罕見的。source:J

Saudi

Heart

Assoc.

2014

Apr;26(2):101-4.24.

valvuloplasty

[v?lvj?'l?pl?st?]

瓣膜成形術(shù)valvul/o(valve) -plasty(surgical

repair)Balloon

aortic

valvuloplasty

asa

bridge

to

aortic

valve

surgery

forsevere

aortic

stenosis.主動(dòng)脈瓣球囊成形術(shù)作為治療嚴(yán)重主動(dòng)脈瓣狹窄的橋梁。source:

Interact

Cardiovasc

Thorac

Surg.2015

Mar;20(3):429-35.25.valvotomy['v?lvo?t?m?]

瓣膜切開術(shù)-tomy(incision,

cutting

into)Postoperative

Outcomes

of

Mitral

Valve

Repair

for

MitralRestenosis

after

Percutaneous

Balloon

Mitral

Valvotomy.二尖瓣球囊擴(kuò)張術(shù)后二尖瓣再狹窄的術(shù)后效果。source:

Korean

J

Thorac

Cardiovasc

Surg.

2015

Oct;48(5):328-34.26.artery['ɑ?t?r?]動(dòng)脈arter/o(artery)CONCLUSION:

Low

levelsof

25(OH)D

are

associated

with

higherrisk

of

myocardial

infarction

in

a

graded

manner,

evenaftercontrolling

for

factors

known

to

be

associated

with

coronary

arterydisease.結(jié)論：即使在對(duì)冠狀動(dòng)脈疾病的危險(xiǎn)因素進(jìn)行匹配后，低水平25羥維生素D仍然與心肌梗死成較高的等級(jí)相關(guān)。source:

Arch

Intern

Med.2008

Jun

9;168(11):1174-80.27.

pulmonary

artery

['p?lm?n(?)r?] [ve?n]肺動(dòng)脈Pulmonary

artery

isthe

only

arterywhich

is

carrying

deoxygenatedblood.肺動(dòng)脈是唯一運(yùn)送靜脈血的動(dòng)脈。28.arteriole

[ɑ:?t??ri??l]小動(dòng)脈arteri/o(artery) -ole(small)Prospective

measurement

of

the

retinal

arteriole:venule

ratio(AVR)

helps

to

predict

incident

hypertension,the

incidence

andprogressionof

diabetesandtheneedforamputationsindiabetes.事先測(cè)量視網(wǎng)膜的小動(dòng)脈小靜脈之比（AVR）有助于預(yù)測(cè)高血壓事件，糖尿病的發(fā)生和發(fā)展以及糖尿病中截肢術(shù)的需要。source:

Heart.

2009

Mar;95(5):348-929.

peripheral

arterial

disease

[p?'r?f(?)r(?)l]外周動(dòng)脈疾病Diagnosis

and

assessment

of

peripheral

arterial

disease

in

thediabetic

foot.糖尿病足周圍動(dòng)脈病變的診斷與評(píng)價(jià)。source:

Diabet

Med.

2015

Jun;32(6):738-47.30.

capillary

['k?p?l?ri]

毛細(xì)血管Thediffusevasospasmleads

toreducedflowinto

themicrocirculation

and

causes

capillary

and

neuronal

ischemia.彌漫性血管痙攣引起進(jìn)入微循環(huán)的血流減少并引起毛細(xì)血管和神經(jīng)細(xì)胞缺血。來自梁平教授Terminology

Reviewtricuspid

valve

[tra?'k?sp?d]三尖瓣valvular

regurgitation['v?lvj?l?][r??ɡ?:d??'te??n]瓣膜返流valvular

stenosis

[st?'n??s?s]瓣膜狹窄valvuloplasty

[v?lvj?'l?pl?st?]

瓣膜成形術(shù)valvotomy['v?lvo?t?m?]

瓣膜切開術(shù)artery['ɑ?t?r?]

動(dòng)脈pulmonary

artery

['p?lm?n(?)r?] [ve?n]肺動(dòng)脈arteriole

[ɑ:?t??ri??l]小動(dòng)脈peripheralarterial

disease

[p?'r?f(?)r(?)l]外周動(dòng)脈疾病capillary['k?p?l?ri]

毛細(xì)血管??管系統(tǒng)?頻詞匯

第四課31.venous['vi?n?s]

靜脈的ven/o(vein)

-ous(pertaining

to)Current

invasive

approaches

to

detect

small

insulinomas

include

inserting

catheters

into

thearteries

and

veins

around

the

pancreas,

injecting

calcium

gluconate

into

thearteriessupplying

the

pancreas

and

taking

samples

from

veins

to

test

for

insulin

–

a

processknownas

arterial

stimulation

with

venous

sampling(ASVS).目前的非侵入式檢查微小胰島癌的方法包括向胰腺附近的動(dòng)脈和靜脈插入導(dǎo)管，向給胰島供血的動(dòng)脈中注射胰高血糖素，從靜脈取樣并對(duì)胰島素進(jìn)行檢測(cè)——該技術(shù)成為動(dòng)脈刺激靜脈取樣法（arterial

stimulation

with

venous

sampling，簡(jiǎn)寫為ASVS）。source:

J

Nucl

Med.2016

May;57(5):715-20.32.

varicose

veins['v?r?k??s]

靜脈曲張Varicose

veins

represent

one

of

themost

frequentvasculardiseases

and

are

in

mostcases

benign.靜脈曲張是最常見的血管疾病之一，在大多數(shù)情況下是良性的。source:

Eur

J

VascEndovasc

Surg.

2015

Aug;50(2):250-6.33.

pulmonary

vein

['p?lm?n(?)r?] [ve?n]

肺靜脈Pulmonary

vein

stenosis

and

the

pathophysiology

of

"upstream"pulmonary

veins.肺靜脈狹窄與“上游”肺靜脈的病理生理。source:

J

Thorac

Cardiovasc

Surg.

2014

Jul;148(1):245-53.34.

venule

['v?nj?l]

小靜脈ven/o(vein)

-ule(small)Venule

is

small

branch

of

vein

which

connects

withcapillary.小靜脈與毛細(xì)血管相連。35.

superior

vena

cava

(SVC)[su:?p??ri?(r)]['vi?n?]['keiv?]

上腔靜脈Persistentleftsuperior

vena

cava

with

absentrightsuperior

venacava:

review

ofthe

literature

and

clinical

implications.保留左上腔靜脈的右上腔靜脈缺失：文獻(xiàn)回顧及臨床意義source:

Echocardiography.

2014

May;31(5):674-9.[?n?f??ri?(r)]36.

inferior

venae

cavae

(IVC)下腔靜脈A

histological

studyofthe

cardiac

muscle

ofthe

human

superiorandinferior

venae

cavae.一項(xiàng)人上腔靜脈和下腔靜脈心肌的組織學(xué)研究。source:

Arch

Histol

Cytol.

1995

Oct;58(4):457-64.37.arteriosclerosis[ɑ?,t??r???skl??‘r??s?s]動(dòng)脈硬化scler/o(hard)

-osis(abnormal

condition)Hypertension

thus

results

atfirstin

hypertrophy

ofthe

arterialwalls,

with

increase

in

muscle

and

elastic

fibers,

followed

byarteriosclerosis

and

a

tendency

to

severe

atheroma.因此，高血壓首先導(dǎo)致動(dòng)脈壁肥厚伴以肌細(xì)胞和彈性纖維增多，繼而產(chǎn)生動(dòng)脈硬化并傾向嚴(yán)重的粥樣硬化。來自梁平教授38.

atherectomy

[?e?'rekt?m?]經(jīng)皮腔內(nèi)斑塊旋切術(shù)ather/o(plaque,

fatty

substance)123I-MIBG

imaging

can

be

used

to

evaluate

microvasculardisturbance

caused

by

embolization

by

microdebris

after

rotationalatherectomy.123i-MiBG顯像可用于評(píng)價(jià)動(dòng)脈粥樣斑塊切除術(shù)后微碎片栓塞引起的微血管紊亂。source:

Ann

Nucl

Med.

2007

Jun;21(3):137-44.39.

atherosclerosis

[??θ?ro?skl?'ro?s?s]

動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化Carotid

intima-media

thickness

(CIMT),

a

marker

of

earlyatherosclerosis

and

vascular

remodelling,

is

one

of

theindependent

predictors

of

coronary

artery

disease

(CAD).頸動(dòng)脈內(nèi)膜中層厚度（CIMT），是早期動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化和血管重塑的標(biāo)志，也是冠狀動(dòng)脈疾?。–AD）的獨(dú)立預(yù)測(cè)因素之一。source:

Atherosclerosis.

2012

Apr;221(2):438-4440.

cyanosis

[,sa??‘n??s?s]

紫紺cyan/o(blue)Bronchial

asthma

is

characterized

by

respiratory

distress,

apnea,wheezing,

flushing,

and

cyanosis.支氣管哮喘表現(xiàn)為：呼吸困難、窒息、喘息、面紅和發(fā)紺。來自梁平教授Terminology

Reviewvenous['vi?n?s]靜脈的varicose

veins

['v?r?k??s]靜脈曲張pulmonary

vein

['p?lm?n(?)r?] [ve?n]肺靜脈venule['v?nj?l]

小靜脈superior

vena

cava(SVC)[su:?p??ri?(r)]['vi?n?]['keiv?]上腔靜脈inferior

venae

cavae(IVC)

[?n?f??ri?(r)]下腔靜脈arteriosclerosis

[ɑ?,t??r???skl??‘r??s?s]動(dòng)脈硬化atherectomy

[?e?'rekt?m?]

經(jīng)皮腔內(nèi)斑塊旋切術(shù)atherosclerosis

[??θ?ro?skl?'ro?s?s]

動(dòng)脈粥樣硬化cyanosis

[,sa??‘n??s?s]紫紺??管系統(tǒng)?頻詞匯

第五課41.

deep

vein

thrombosis

[θr?m'b??s?s]深靜脈血栓形成thromb/(thrombus)Prevalence

of

perioperative

asymptomatic

proximal

deep

veinthrombosis

in

Thai

gynecologic

cancer

patients.泰國(guó)婦科惡性腫瘤圍手術(shù)期無癥狀性近端深靜脈血栓形成的發(fā)生率。source:J

Med

Assoc

Thai.

2014

Feb;97(2):153-8.42.

thrombolytic

therapy

[,θr?mb?u'litik]['θer?p?]溶栓-lytic(break

down,

destroying)

-therapy(treatment)Systemic

thrombolytic

therapy

for

acute

pulmonary

embolism:

asystematic

review

and

meta-analysis.全身溶栓治療急性肺栓塞的系統(tǒng)評(píng)價(jià)和薈萃分析。source:

Eur

Heart

J.

2015

Mar

7;36(10):605-14.43.

thrombophlebitis

[,θr?mb??fl?'ba?t?s]

血栓性靜脈炎phleb/o(vein)A

bloodclot

mayform,causingthedangerous

conditioncalledthrombophlebitis,withthepossibility

of

apieceof

theclotbecomingloosenedandfloatinginthebloodas

anembolus.血凝塊可能變得松散，脫落而成為栓子懸浮在血液中。來自梁平教授44.

phlebotomy

[fl?‘b?t?m?]

靜脈切開放血術(shù)-tomy(process

of

cutting)Incidence

of

hepatocellular

carcinoma

reduced

by

phlebotomytreatment

in

patients

with

chronic

hepatitis

C.慢性丙型肝炎患者行靜脈切開放血術(shù)減少肝癌的發(fā)病率source:

Intern

Med.

2015;54(2):107-17.45.

pulmonary

thromboendarterectomy['θr?mbo?endɑ?t?'rekt?m?]

肺血栓動(dòng)脈內(nèi)膜切除術(shù)thromb/o(thrombus,

clotting)

end/o(within)-ectomy(removal)The

present

study

assessed

the

effectiveness

of

preoperative

transcatheterocclusion

of

the

bronchopulmonary

collateral

artery(PTOBPCA)in

reducingreperfusion

pulmonary

edema

after

pulmonary

thromboendarterectomy(PEA).本研究評(píng)估經(jīng)導(dǎo)管支氣管肺動(dòng)脈旁路阻斷術(shù)（PCOTPCA）對(duì)肺血栓動(dòng)脈內(nèi)膜切除術(shù)后再灌注肺水腫的療效。source:

J

Thorac

Cardiovasc

Surg.

2014

Dec;148(6):3014-9.46.

pulmonary

embolism

[?emb?l?z?m]

肺栓塞pulmon/o(lung)bol/o(to

cast,throw)em-(in)-ism(process)Effective

diagnosisand

treatment

of

pulmonaryembolism:Improving

patient

outcomes.有效的診斷和治療肺栓塞：改善患者的預(yù)后。source:

Arch

Cardiovasc

Dis.

2014

Jun-Jul;107(6-7):406-14.47.

cardiomegaly[,kɑ?d???‘meg?l?]

心臟肥大-megaly(enlargement)Chestx-ray:

Moderate

cardiomegaly

and

increased

pulmonaryvascularity.胸部X線檢查：心臟中度增大及肺血管影增多。來自梁平教授48.

cardiomyopathy

[,kɑ?d???ma?’?p?θ?]心肌病my/o(muscle)

-pathy(disease)The

organic

channel

blockers

are

being

used

increasingly

invasospasticangina,

in

cardiac

arrhythmias,

in

hypertension,

and

inhypertrophic

cardiomyopathy.有機(jī)鈣通道阻滯劑越來越多地用于血管痙攣性心絞痛、心律失常、高血壓和肥厚性心肌病。來自梁平教授49.

cardiogenic

shock

[,kɑ?d???’d?en?k]

心源性休克-genic(produced

by/in)Trends

inincidence,

management,

and

outcomes

ofcardiogenicshockcomplicating

ST-elevation

myocardial

infarction

in

theUnited

States.美國(guó)ST段抬高型心肌梗死并發(fā)心源性休克的發(fā)病率、治療和預(yù)后。source:

J

Am

Heart

Assoc.

2014

Jan

13;3(1):e000590.50.

cardioplegia

[kɑ:da??p'li:d??]

心臟停搏-plegia(paralysis)Blood

and

crystalloid

cardioplegia

are

the

main

myocardialprotectivesolutions

used

in

pediatric

cardiac

surgery.血液和晶體停搏液是兒科心臟手術(shù)的主要心肌保護(hù)液。source:

Perfusion.

2015

Oct;30(7):529-36.Terminology

Reviewdeepveinthrombosis

[θr?m'b??s?s]深靜脈血栓形成thrombolytic

therapy

[,θr?mb?u'litik]['θer?p?]

溶栓thrombophlebitis

[,θr?mb??fl?'ba?t?s]

血栓性靜脈炎phlebotomy

[fl?‘b?t?m?]

靜脈切開放血術(shù)pulmonary

thromboendarterectomy['θr?mbo?endɑ?t?'rekt?m?]

肺血栓動(dòng)脈內(nèi)膜切除術(shù)pulmonaryembolism

[?emb?l?z?m]肺栓塞cardiomegaly

[,kɑ?d???‘meg?l?]心臟肥大cardiomyopathy

[,kɑ?d???ma?’?p?θ?]

心肌病cardiogenic

shock

[,kɑ?d???’d?en?k]

心源性休克cardioplegia[kɑ:da??p'li:d??]心臟停搏??管系統(tǒng)?頻詞匯

第六課51.

normal

sinus

rhythm

['sa?n?s]

['r?e?m]正常竇性心律Normal

Sinus

Rhythm-Sinus

Bradycardia

is

Common

in

YoungChildren

Post-extracardiac

Fontan.正常竇性心律-竇性心動(dòng)過緩是小兒心外動(dòng)脈瘤術(shù)后常見的竇性心律。source:

Pediatr

Cardiol.

2016

Oct;37(7):1377-9.52.arrhythmia[?'r?θm??]

心律不齊a-(no)

rrhythm/o(rhythm)

-ia(condition)Effects

of

Heterogeneous

Diffuse

Fibrosis

on

ArrhythmiaDynamics

and

Mechanism.異質(zhì)性彌漫性纖維化對(duì)心律失常的影響及其機(jī)制source:

Sci

Rep.

2016

Feb

10;6:20835.53.

tachycardia

[,t?k?‘kɑ?d??]

心動(dòng)過速tachy-(rapid)MainOutcome

Measure

Appropriate

ICD

intervention

terminatingventriculartachycardia

or

fibrillation.主要發(fā)現(xiàn)是適當(dāng)?shù)腎CD干預(yù)終止室性心動(dòng)過速或纖顫。source:

JAMA.

2007

Jul

25;298(4):405-12.54.

bradycardia

[br?d?'kɑ:d??]

心動(dòng)過緩brady-(slow)However,

it

may

produce

a

dose-dependent

and

full

range

of

muscariniceffects

characterized

by

miosis,

blurring

of

vision,

lacrimation,

salivation,sweating,

increased

bronchial

secretion,

bronchoconstriction,

bradycardia,hypotension,

and

urinary

incontinence.不過它可產(chǎn)生劑量依賴性的、全部的毒蕈堿樣作用，可以見到瞳孔縮小、視力模糊、流淚、流涎、出汗、支氣管分泌增加、支氣管收縮、心動(dòng)過緩、低血壓和小便失禁。來自梁平教授55.murmur[’m??m?]

心臟雜音In

the

heartthere

may

be

leftventricular

hypertrophy

with

an

aorticejection

murmur

and

a

loud

aortic

second

sound.心臟可出現(xiàn)左室肥大，主動(dòng)脈噴射性雜音，主動(dòng)脈瓣第二音亢進(jìn)。來自梁平教授56.stethoscope['steθ?sk??p]聽診器steth/o(chest)

-scope(instrument

for

examination)Fetal

heart

tones

can

usually

be

heard

with

the

fetal

stethoscopeat

the

19th

weekof

gestation.19孕周時(shí)通?？捎锰バ穆犕猜牭教バ囊簦紶栐?7孕周也能聽到。來自梁平教授57.sphygmomanometer

[,sf?gm??m?'n?m?t?]

血壓計(jì)sphygm/o(pulse)

-meter(measurement)Baseline

characteristics

were

similar

between

the

two

groups,

with

hypertension

beinghighlyprevalent—around

three-quarters

of

thePAD

patients

had

high

blood

pressure,

and

80%were

taking

antihypertensive

medications.

BP

measurements

were

based

on

an

average

ofthree

readings

taken

in

the

sitting

position

with

a

mercury

sphygmomanometer

by

a

trainednurse.兩組的基線特征相似，高血壓患病率高，約3/4的PAD患者有高血壓，80%在服用降壓藥。BP測(cè)量值是受過培訓(xùn)的護(hù)士用水銀血壓計(jì)測(cè)定的3次坐位血壓的均值。source:【medical-news】Impressive

antihypertensive

effect

with

flaxseed58.

electrocardiogram,

ECG

[?,l?ktro'kɑrd?oɡr?m]心電圖electr/o(electricity)

-gram(record)Theelectrocardiogram

is

a

very

importanttool

for

assessing

theabilityofthe

heartto

transmitthe

cardiac

impulse.心電圖是評(píng)價(jià)心臟傳導(dǎo)心臟沖動(dòng)能力的一個(gè)很重要的工具。來自梁平教授59.

angiogram

[‘?nd?i?,ɡr?m]血管造影片angi/o(vessel)Completion

angiographywas

done

with

CO2

in

all

patients

and

anadditionalangiogramwithiodinatedmediawasdonein13cases.所有患者均成功實(shí)施了CO2作為對(duì)比劑的血管造影術(shù)，其中13名患者還接受了碘化造影術(shù)。source:

J

VascSurg.

2008Sep;48(3):527-34.60.angioplasty[,?nd??o’pl?sti]

血管成形術(shù)-plasty(surgical

repair)Results.

Weidentified5studiesthat

met

inclusioncriteria.

Nosignificant

reduction

in

restenosis

rates

was

observed

afterangioplasty

alone

with

steroids.結(jié)果：我們最終納入了5項(xiàng)符合納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的試驗(yàn)。單純血管修補(bǔ)術(shù)結(jié)合類固醇治療組未觀察到顯著降低的血管再狹窄率。source:

J

Invasive

Cardiol.

2012

Mar;24(3):98-103Terminology

Reviewnormal

sinus

rhythm

['sa?n?s]

['r?e?m]

正常竇性心律arrhythmia

[?'r?θm??]心律不齊tachycardia

[,t?k?‘kɑ?d??]心動(dòng)過速bradycardia

[br?d?'kɑ:d??]心動(dòng)過緩murmur

[’m??m?]心臟雜音stethoscope

['steθ?sk??p]聽診器sphygmomanometer

[,sf?gm??m?'n?m?t?]血壓計(jì)electrocardiogram

[?,l?ktro'kɑrd?oɡr?m]ECG心電圖angiogram

[‘?nd?i?,ɡr?m]

血管造影片angioplasty

[,?nd??o’pl?sti]

血管成形術(shù)??管系統(tǒng)?頻詞匯

第七課61.coronary artery

angiography(CAG)[,?nd??'?gr?f?]

冠狀動(dòng)脈血管造影術(shù)coron/o(heart)

-ary(pertaining

to)-graphy(process

of

recording)Detectionof

coronary

artery

disease

using

coronary

flow

velocityreserve

by

transthoracic

Doppler

echocardiography

versusmultidetector

computed

tomography

coronary

angiography:influence

ofcalcium

score.經(jīng)胸多普勒超聲心動(dòng)圖與多排CT冠狀動(dòng)脈造影冠狀動(dòng)脈血流儲(chǔ)備檢測(cè)冠狀動(dòng)脈病變：鈣積分的影響。source:

J

Am

Soc

Echocardiogr.

2014

Jul;27(7):775-85.62.

angiogenesis

[,?nd?io'd??n?s?s]

血管再生術(shù)-genesis(producing,

forming)Past

research

has

mainly

focused

on

identifying

single

moleculartargets

for

angiogenesis

inhibitors.以往的研究主要集中在識(shí)別血管生成抑制劑單一分子靶點(diǎn)。source:

American

Association

for

Cancer

Research.ScienceDaily./releases/2011/11/111113190530.htm

(accessed

July25,2018).63.

ventricular

fibrillation[?f?br?'le???n]心室顫動(dòng)A

10

years

review

ofthe

characteristics

ofin-hospital

ventricularfibrillation

victiminasinglecenter單中心住院室顫患者特征10年回顧。source:

Zhonghua

Nei

Ke

Za

Zhi.

2009

Mar;48(3):201-4.64.atrialfibrillation

[?f?br?'le???n]

心房顫動(dòng)Lone

atrial

fibrillation:

electrophysiology,

risk

factors,

catheterablation

and

other

non-pharmacologic

treatments.孤立性心房顫動(dòng)：電生理、危險(xiǎn)因素、導(dǎo)管消融和其他非藥物治療。source:

Curr

Pharm

Des.

2015;21(5):580-90.65.defibrillator[di:?f?br?le?t?(r)]除顫儀The

implantable

cardioverter–defibrillator

(ICD)

is

highly

effectivein

reducing

mortality

among

patients

atriskfor

fatal

arrhythmias,but

inappropriate

ICD

activations

are

frequent,with

potentialadverse

effects.植入性心律轉(zhuǎn)復(fù)除顫器(ICD))可有效減少致命性心律失常高風(fēng)險(xiǎn)患者的死亡率，但非適當(dāng)放電治療事件如果頻繁發(fā)生，就可能帶來潛在的不良事件。source:

N

Engl

J

Med.

2012

Dec

13;367(24):2275-83.66.defibrillation[,dif?br?'le??n]

去心臟纖顫Delayed

Time

to

Defibrillation

after

In-Hospital

Cardiac

Arrest住院期間心跳驟停后除顫時(shí)間延遲source:

N

Engl

J

Med.

2008

Jan

3;358(1):9-17.67.

catheter

ablation

['k?θ?t?][?'ble??(?)n]導(dǎo)管消融術(shù)Catheterablation

ofatrial

fibrillation

(AF)

is

now

an

importanttherapeutic

modality

for

patients

with

AF.心房顫動(dòng)導(dǎo)管消融是房顫患者的一種重要治療方式。source:Eur

Heart

J.

2014

Sep

21;35(36):2454-9.68.

cardiaccatheterization

[,k?θ?t?r?'ze??n]心導(dǎo)管插入-ation(process)Developingtools

to

measure

quality

in

congenital

catheterizationand

interventions:

the

congenital

cardiac

catheterization

project

onoutcomes

(C3PO).開發(fā)測(cè)量先天性導(dǎo)管插入術(shù)和介入治療質(zhì)量的工具：先天性心導(dǎo)管術(shù)結(jié)果（C3PO）。source:

Methodist

Debakey

Cardiovasc

J.

2014

Apr-Jun;10(2):63-7.69.

cannulation

[?k?nj?‘le??n]套管插入Evaluatethe

potential

placement

site

with

ultrasonography

beforeestablishing

a

sterile

field.Confirm

that

the

proposed

vein

is

patentbyensuring

thatit

is

compressible.

After

you

have

identified

anacceptable

site

for

cannulation,

you

will

need

an

assistant.消毒前先用超聲探頭評(píng)估可能的放置位置。確信目標(biāo)靜脈是可被壓迫的并是開放的。在你確定一個(gè)可接受置管的位置后，你需要一名助手。source:

【NEJM】Ultrasound-Guided

Internal

Jugular

Vein

Cannulation70.decannulation

[dek?nj?'le???n]

拔除套管Given

the

risk

ofmorbidityand

mortality

associated

with

long-termplacement,it

is

imperative

that

decannulation

is

considered

oncetheindicationfortracheotomyplacementiscorrectedorresolved.鑒于與長(zhǎng)期安置相關(guān)的發(fā)病率和死亡率，一旦氣管切開安置的指示被糾正或解決，就必須考慮拔管。source:Curr

Opin

Otolaryngol

Head

Neck

Surg.

2015

Dec;23(6):485-90.Terminology

Reviewcoronary

arteryangiography(CAG)[,?nd??'?gr?f?]冠狀動(dòng)脈血管造影術(shù)angiogenesis[,?nd?io‘d??n?s?s]

血管再生術(shù)ventricular

fibrillation

心室顫動(dòng)atrial

fibrillation

[?f?br?'le???n]心房顫動(dòng)defibrillator [di:?f?br?le?t?(r)]除顫儀defibrillation

[,dif?br?'le??n]

去心臟纖顫catheter

ablation ['k?θ?t?][?'ble??(?)n]

導(dǎo)管消融術(shù)cardiac

catheterization [,k?θ?t?r?'ze??n]

心導(dǎo)管插入cannulation [?k?nj?'le??n]套管插入decannulation

[dek?nj?'le???n]

拔除套管??管系統(tǒng)?頻詞匯 第?課71.

systole

['s?st?l?]

心臟收縮Systole

and

Diastole:

The

period

during

the

cardiac

cycle

whenthe

ventricles

are

contracting

is

called

systole,

and

the

period

ofrelaxationis

called

diastole.心縮期和心舒期：心周期中心室正在收縮的時(shí)期稱為心縮期，而舒張的時(shí)期稱為心舒期。來自梁平教授72.diastole[da?'?st?li]

心臟舒張期Systole

and

Diastole:the

period

during

the

cardiac

cycle

when

theventricles

are

contracting

is

called

systole,and

the

period

ofrelaxationis

called

diastole.心縮期和心舒期：心周期中心室正在收縮的時(shí)期稱為心縮期，而舒張的時(shí)期稱為心舒期。來自梁平教授73.

vasoconstriction

[,vezok?n'str?k??n]血管收縮vaso-(

vessel)Postganglionic

adrenergic

fibers

of

the

autonomic

nervous

systemregulate

vasoconstriction,

apocrine

gland

secretions,

andcontractionofarrector

pili

muscles

ofhair

follicles.自主神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)節(jié)后的腎上腺素能纖維調(diào)節(jié)血管收縮、頂泌汗腺分泌和毛囊立毛肌的收縮。來自梁平教授74.vasodilation[?ve?zo?da??le??n]血管舒張Septic

patients

initially

have

hemodynamic

chances

primarilyreflecting

vaso