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...wd......wd......wd...必修一Unit1Anne’sBestFriendDo
you
want
a
friend
whom
you
could
tell
everything
to,
like
your
deepest
feelings
and
thoughts?
Or
are
you
afraid
that
your
friend
would
laugh
at
you,
or
would
not
understand
what
you
are
going
through?
Anne
Frank
wanted
the
first
kind,
so
she
made
her
diary
her
best
friend.
AnnelivedinAmsterdamintheNetherlandsduringWorldWar
Ⅱ.HerfamilywasJewishsonearlytwenty-fivemonthsbeforetheywerediscovered.Duringthattimetheonlytruefriendwasherdiary.Shesaid,〞Idon’twanttosetdownaseriesoffactsinadiary
as
most
people
do,
but
I
want
this
diary
itself
to
be
my
friend,
and
I
shall
call
my
friend
Kitty.〞
Now
read
how
she
felt
after
being
in
the
hiding
place
since
July
1942.
Thursday
15th
June,
1944
Dear
Kitty,
I
wonder
if
it’s
because
I
haven’t
been
able
to
be
outdoors
for
so
long
that
I’ve
grown
so
crazy
about
everything
to
do
with
nature.
I
can
well
remember
that
there
was
a
time
when
a
deep
blue
sky,
the
song
of
the
birds,
moonlight
and
flowers
could
never
have
kept
me
spellbound.
That’s
changed
since
I
was
here.
…For
example,
one
evening
when
it
was
so
warm,
I
stayed
awake
on
purpose
until
half
past
eleven
in
order
to
have
a
good
look
at
the
moon
by
my
self.
But
as
the
moon
gave
far
too
much
light,
I
didn’t
dare
open
a
window.
Another
time
five
months
ago,
I
happened
to
be
upstairs
at
dusk
when
the
window
was
open.
I
didn’t
go
downstairs
until
the
window
bad
to
be
shut.
The
dark,
rainy
evening,
the
wind,
the
thundering
clouds
held
me
entirely
in
their
power;
it
was
the
first
time
in
a
year
and
a
half
that
I’d
seen
the
night
face
to
face…
…Sadly
…I
am
only
able
to
look
at
nature
through
dirty
curtains
hanging
before
very
dusty
windows.
It’s
no
pleasure
looking
through
these
any
longer
because
nature
is
one
thing
that
really
must
be
experienced.
Yours,
Anne第一單元友誼Reading安妮最好的朋友你是不是想有一位無(wú)話不談能推心置腹的朋友呢或者你是不是擔(dān)憂你的朋友會(huì)嘲笑你,會(huì)不理解你目前的困境呢安妮·弗蘭克想要的是第一種類型的朋友,于是她就把日記當(dāng)成了她最好的朋友。安妮在第二次世界大戰(zhàn)期間住在荷蘭的阿姆斯特丹。她一家人都是猶太人,所以他們不得不躲藏起來(lái),否則他們就會(huì)被德國(guó)納粹抓去。她和她的家人躲藏了兩年之后才被發(fā)現(xiàn)。在這段時(shí)間里,她唯一的忠實(shí)朋友就是她的日記了。她說(shuō),“我不愿像大多數(shù)人那樣在日記中記流水賬。我要把這本日記當(dāng)作我的朋友,我要把我這個(gè)朋友稱作基蒂〞。安妮自從1942年7月起就躲藏在那兒了,現(xiàn)在,來(lái)看看她的心情吧。親愛(ài)的基蒂:我不知道這是不是因?yàn)槲议L(zhǎng)久無(wú)法出門(mén)的緣故,我變得對(duì)一切與大自然有關(guān)的事物都無(wú)比狂熱。我記得非常清楚,以前,湛藍(lán)的天空、鳥(niǎo)兒的歌唱、月光和鮮花,從未令我心迷神往過(guò)。自從我來(lái)到這里,這一切都變了。??比方說(shuō),有天晚上天氣很暖和,我熬到11點(diǎn)半成心不睡覺(jué),為的是單獨(dú)好好看看月亮。但是因?yàn)樵鹿馓亮?,我不敢翻開(kāi)窗戶。還有一次,就在五個(gè)月以前的一個(gè)晚上,我碰巧在樓上,窗戶是開(kāi)著的。我一直等到非關(guān)窗不可的時(shí)候才下樓去。漆黑的夜晚,風(fēng)吹雨打,雷電交加,我全然被這種力量鎮(zhèn)住了。這是我一年半以來(lái)第一次目睹夜晚??
??令人傷心的是??我只能透過(guò)臟兮兮的窗簾觀看大自然,窗簾懸掛在沾滿灰塵的窗前,但觀看這些已經(jīng)不再是樂(lè)趣,因?yàn)榇笞匀皇悄惚仨氂H身體驗(yàn)的。Using
Language
Reading,listeningandwriting親愛(ài)的王小姐:我同班上的同學(xué)有件麻煩事。我跟我們班里的一位男同學(xué)一直相處很好,我們常常一起做家庭作業(yè),而且很樂(lè)意相互幫助。我們成了非常好的朋友??墒?,其他同學(xué)卻開(kāi)場(chǎng)在背后議論起來(lái),他們說(shuō)我和這位男同學(xué)在談戀愛(ài),這使我很生氣。我不想中斷這段友誼,但是我又討厭人家背后說(shuō)閑話。我該假設(shè)何辦呢Readingandwriting尊敬的編輯:我是蘇州高中的一名學(xué)生。我有一個(gè)難題,我不太善于同人們交際。雖然我確實(shí)試著去跟班上的同學(xué)交談,但是我還是發(fā)現(xiàn)很難跟他們成為好朋友。因此,有時(shí)候我感到十分孤獨(dú)。我確實(shí)想改變這種現(xiàn)狀,但是我卻不知道該假設(shè)何辦。如果您能給我提些建議,我會(huì)非常感謝的。Unit2
the
Road
to
Modern
English
At
the
end
of
the
16th
century,
about
five
to
seven
million
people
spoke
English.
Nearly
all
of
them
lived
in
England.
Later
in
the
next
century,
people
from
England
made
voyages
to
conquer
other
parts
of
the
world,
and
because
of
that,
English
began
to
be
spoken
in
many
other
countries.
Today,
more
people
speak
English
as
their
first,
second
or
a
foreign
language
than
ever
before.
Native
English
speakers
can
understand
each
other
even
if
they
don’t
speak
the
same
kind
of
English.
Look
at
this
example:
British
Betty:
Would
you
like
to
see
my
flat?
American
Amy:
Yes.
I’d
like
to
come
up
to
you
apartment.
So
why
has
English
changed
over
time?
Actually
all
languages
change
and
develop
when
cultures
meet
and
communicate
with
each
other.
At
fist
the
English
spoken
in
England
between
about
AD
450
and
1150
was
very
different
from
the
English
spoken
today.
It
was
base
more
on
German
than
the
English
we
speak
at
present.
Then
gradually
between
about
AD
500
and
1150,
English
became
less
like
German
because
those
who
ruled
England
spoke
first
Danish
and
later
French.
These
new
settlers
enriched
the
English
language
and
especially
its
vocabulary.
So
by
the
1600’s
Shakespeare
was
able
to
make
use
of
a
wider
vocabulary
than
ever
before.
In
1620
some
British
settlers
moved
to
America.
Later
in
the
18th
century
some
British
people
were
taken
to
Australia
to.
English
beganto
be
spoken
in
both
countries.
Finally
by
the
19th
century
the
language
was
settled.
At
that
time
two
big
changes
in
English
spelling
happened:
first
Samuel
Johnson
wrote
his
dictionary
and
later
Noah
Webster
wrote
The
American
Dictionary
of
the
English
language.
The
latter
gave
a
separate
identity
to
American
English
spelling.
English
now
is
also
spoken
as
a
foreign
or
second
language
in
South
Asia.
For
example,
India
has
a
very
large
number
of
fluent
English
speakers
because
Britain
ruled
India
from
1765
to
1947.
During
that
time
English
became
the
language
for
government
and
education.
English
is
also
spoken
in
Singapore
and
Malaysia
and
countries
in
Africa
such
as
South
Africa.
Today
the
number
of
people
learning
English
in
China
is
increasing
rapidly.
In
fact,
China
may
have
the
largest
number
of
English
learners.
Will
Chinese
English
develop
its
own
identity?
Only
time
will
tell.第二單元世界上的英語(yǔ)Reading通向現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)之路16世紀(jì)末期大約有5百萬(wàn)到7百萬(wàn)人說(shuō)英語(yǔ),幾乎所有這些人都生活在英國(guó)。后來(lái),在17世紀(jì)英國(guó)人開(kāi)場(chǎng)航海征服了世界其它地區(qū)。于是,許多別的國(guó)家開(kāi)場(chǎng)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)了。如今說(shuō)英語(yǔ)的人比以往任何時(shí)候都多,他們有的是作為第一語(yǔ)言來(lái)說(shuō),有的是作為第二語(yǔ)言或外語(yǔ)。以英語(yǔ)作為母語(yǔ)的人,即使他們所講的語(yǔ)言不盡一樣,也可以互相交流。請(qǐng)看以下例子:英國(guó)人貝蒂:“請(qǐng)到我的公寓〔flat〕里來(lái)看看,好嗎〞美國(guó)人艾米:“好的。我很樂(lè)意到你的公寓〔apartment〕去。〞那么,英語(yǔ)在一段時(shí)間里為什么會(huì)起變化呢事實(shí)上,當(dāng)不同文化互相交流滲透時(shí),所有的語(yǔ)言都會(huì)有所開(kāi)展,有所變化。首先,在公元450年到1150年間,人們所說(shuō)的英語(yǔ)跟今天所說(shuō)的英語(yǔ)就很不一樣。當(dāng)時(shí)的英語(yǔ)更多地是以德語(yǔ)為根基的,而現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)不是。然后,漸漸地,大約在公元800年到1150年期間,英語(yǔ)不那么像德語(yǔ)了。因?yàn)槟菚r(shí)的英國(guó)的統(tǒng)治者起初講丹麥語(yǔ)后來(lái)講法語(yǔ)。這些新的定居者大大豐富了英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言,特別是在詞匯方面。所以到17世紀(jì),莎士比亞所用的詞匯量比以前任何時(shí)期都大。在1620年,一些英國(guó)人搬遷到美洲定居。后來(lái),到了19世紀(jì),有些英國(guó)人也被送往澳大利亞,兩個(gè)國(guó)家的人都開(kāi)場(chǎng)說(shuō)英語(yǔ)了。最后,到20世紀(jì),英語(yǔ)才真正定形。那時(shí),英語(yǔ)在拼寫(xiě)上發(fā)生了兩大變化:首先,塞繆爾·約翰遜編寫(xiě)了詞典,后來(lái),諾厄·韋伯斯特編纂了《美國(guó)英語(yǔ)詞典》,后者表達(dá)了美國(guó)英語(yǔ)拼寫(xiě)的不同特色?,F(xiàn)在,英語(yǔ)在南亞也被當(dāng)作外語(yǔ)或第二語(yǔ)言來(lái)說(shuō)。比方說(shuō),印度擁有眾多講英語(yǔ)很流利的人,這是因?yàn)橛?guó)于1765年到1947年統(tǒng)治過(guò)印度。在那期間,英語(yǔ)成了官方語(yǔ)言和教育用語(yǔ)。在新加坡、馬來(lái)西亞和非洲其它國(guó)家,比方南非,人們也說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。目前在中國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的人數(shù)正在迅速增長(zhǎng)。事實(shí)上,中國(guó)可能擁有世界上最多的英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)者。中國(guó)英語(yǔ)會(huì)開(kāi)展出自己的特色嗎這只能由時(shí)間來(lái)答復(fù)了。UsingLanguage標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)和方言什么是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)是在英國(guó)、美國(guó)、加拿大、澳大利亞、印度、新西蘭所說(shuō)的英語(yǔ)嗎信不信由你,〔世界上〕沒(méi)有什么標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)。許多人認(rèn)為,電視和收音機(jī)里所說(shuō)的就是標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ),這是因?yàn)樵谠缙诘碾娕_(tái)節(jié)目里,人們期望新聞播音員所說(shuō)的英語(yǔ)是最好的英語(yǔ)。然而,在電視和收音機(jī)里,你也會(huì)聽(tīng)出人們?cè)谡f(shuō)話時(shí)的差異。當(dāng)人們用不同于“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)語(yǔ)言〞的詞語(yǔ)時(shí),那就叫做方言。美國(guó)英語(yǔ)有許多方言,特別是中西部和南部地區(qū)的方言,以及黑人和西班牙人的方言。在美國(guó)有些地區(qū),即使是相鄰城鎮(zhèn)的兩個(gè)人所說(shuō)的語(yǔ)言都可能稍有不同。美國(guó)英語(yǔ)之所以有這么多的方言是因?yàn)槊绹?guó)人是來(lái)自世界各地的緣故。地理位置對(duì)方言的產(chǎn)生也有影響。住在美國(guó)東部山區(qū)的一些人說(shuō)著比照古老的英語(yǔ)方言。當(dāng)美國(guó)人從一個(gè)地方搬到另一個(gè)地方時(shí),他們也就把他們的方言隨著帶去了。因此,美國(guó)東南部山區(qū)的人同美國(guó)西北部的人所說(shuō)的方言就幾乎一樣。美國(guó)是一個(gè)使用多種方言的大國(guó)。雖然許多美國(guó)人經(jīng)常搬遷,但是他們?nèi)匀荒軌騾^(qū)分、理解彼此的方言。Unit3JourneyDowntheMekongMynameisWangKun.Eversincemiddleschool,mysisterWangWeiandIhavedreamedabouttakingagreatbiketrip.Twoyearsagosheboughtanexpensivemountainbikeandthenshepersuadedmetobuyone.Lastyear,shevisitedourcousins,DaoWeiandYuHangattheircollegeifKunming.TheyareDaiandgrewupinwesternYunnanProvinceneartheLancangRiver,theChinesepartoftheriverthatiscalledtheMekongRiverinothercountries.WangWeisoongottimeinterestedincyclingtoo.Aftergraduatingfromcollege,wefinallygotthechancetotakeabiketrip.Iaskedmysister,“Wherearewegoing?〞ItwasmysisterwhofirsthadtheideatocyclealongtheentireMekongRiverfromwhereitbeginstowhereitends.Nowsheisplanningourscheduleforthetrip.Iamfondofmysisterbutshehasoneseriousshortcoming.Shecanbereallystubborn.Althoughshedidn’tknowthebestwayofgettingtoplaces,sheinsistedthatsheorganizethetripproperly.NowIknowthattheproperwayisalwaysherway.Ikeptaskingher,“Whenareweleavingandwhenarewecomingback?〞Iaskedherwhethershehadlookedatamapyet.Ofcourseshehadn’t;mysisterdoesn’tcareaboutdetails.SoItoldherthatthesourceoftheMekongisinQinghaiProvince.Shegavemeadeterminedlook--thekindthatsaidshewouldnotchangehermind.WhenItoldherthatourjourneywouldbeginatanaltitudeofmorethan5,000meters,sheseemedtobeexcitedaboutit.WhenItoldhertheairwouldbehardtobreatheanditwouldbeverycold,shesaiditwouldbeaninterestingexperience.Iknowmysisterwell.Onceshehasmadeuphermind,nothingcanchangeit.Finally,Ihadtogivein.Severalmonthsbeforeourtrip,WangWeiandIwenttothelibrary.Wefoundalargeatlaswithgoodmapsthatshoweddetailsofworldgeography.FromtheatlaswecouldseethattheMekongRiverbeginsinaglaciertomovequickly.Itbecomesrapidsasitpassesthroughdeepvalleys,travelingacrosswesternYunnanProvince.Sometimestheriverbecomesawaterfallandenterswidevalleys.WewerebothsurprisedtolearnthathalfoftheriverisinChina.AfteritleavesChinaandhighaltitude,theMekongbecomeswide,brownandwarm.AsitentersSoutheastAsia,itspaceslows.Itmakeswidebendsormeandersthroughlowvalleystotheplainswherericegrows.Atlast,theriverdeltaenterstheSouthChinaSea.第三單元游記Reading沿湄公河而下的旅程第一局部夢(mèng)想與方案我的名字叫王坤。從高中起,我姐姐王薇和我就一直夢(mèng)想作一次偉大的自行車旅行。兩年前,她買(mǎi)了一輛昂貴的山地自行車,然后還說(shuō)服我買(mǎi)了一輛〔山地車〕。去年她去看望了我們的表兄弟——在昆明讀大學(xué)的刀衛(wèi)和宇航。他們是傣族人,在云南省西部靠近瀾滄江的地方長(zhǎng)大,湄公河在中國(guó)境內(nèi)的這一段叫瀾滄江,在其他國(guó)家〔境內(nèi)〕叫湄公河。很快,王薇使表兄弟也對(duì)騎車旅游產(chǎn)生了興趣。大學(xué)畢業(yè)以后,我們終于有了時(shí)機(jī)騎自行車旅行。我問(wèn)我姐姐:“我們要去哪兒〞首先想到要沿湄公河從源頭到終點(diǎn)騎車旅游的是我的姐姐?,F(xiàn)在她正在為我們的旅行制定方案。我很喜歡我姐姐,但是她有一個(gè)很嚴(yán)重的缺點(diǎn)。她有時(shí)確實(shí)很固執(zhí)。盡管她對(duì)去某些地方的最正確路線并不清楚,她卻堅(jiān)持要自己把這次旅游安排得盡善盡美。于是,我就知道這個(gè)盡善盡美的方式總是她的方式。我不停地問(wèn)她,“我們什么時(shí)候出發(fā)什么時(shí)候回來(lái)〞我還問(wèn)她是否看過(guò)地圖。當(dāng)然她并沒(méi)有看過(guò)——我的姐姐是不會(huì)考慮細(xì)節(jié)的。于是,我告訴她,湄公河的源頭在青海省。她給了我一個(gè)堅(jiān)決的眼神——這種眼神說(shuō)明她是不會(huì)改變主意的。我說(shuō),我們的旅行將從5,000多米的高地出發(fā),這時(shí)她似乎顯得很興奮。當(dāng)我告訴她那里空氣稀薄,呼吸困難,而且天氣很冷時(shí),她卻說(shuō)這將是一次有趣的經(jīng)歷。我非常了解我的姐姐,她一旦下了決心,什么也不能使她改變。最后,我只好讓步了。在我們旅行前的幾個(gè)月,王薇和我去了圖書(shū)館。我們找到一本大型地圖冊(cè),里面有一些世界地理的明細(xì)圖。我們從圖上可以看到,湄公河發(fā)源于xx一座山上的冰川。起初,江面很小,河水清澈而冷冽,然后它開(kāi)場(chǎng)快速流動(dòng)。它穿過(guò)深谷時(shí)就變成了急流,流經(jīng)云南西部。有時(shí),這條江形成瀑布,進(jìn)入寬闊的峽谷。我們倆驚奇地發(fā)現(xiàn)這條河有一半是在中國(guó)境內(nèi)。當(dāng)流出中國(guó),流出高地之后,湄公河就變寬了,變暖了,河水也變成了黃褐色。而當(dāng)它進(jìn)入東南亞以后,流速減緩,河水蜿蜒緩慢地穿過(guò)低谷,流向生長(zhǎng)稻谷的平原。最后,湄公河三角洲的各支流流入中國(guó)南海。UsingLanguage夜晚的xx山景第二局部山中一宿雖然是秋天,但是xx已經(jīng)開(kāi)場(chǎng)下雪了。我們的腿又沉又冷,感覺(jué)就像大冰塊。你看到過(guò)雪人騎自行車嗎我們看上去就像那樣。一路上,一些身著羊毛大衣的孩子們停下來(lái)看著我們。下午晚些時(shí)候,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)由于天冷我們的水壺都凍上了。然而,湖水在落日的余暉下閃亮如鏡,風(fēng)光迷人。像往常一樣,王薇在我的前面,她很可靠,我知道我用不著給她鼓勁兒。上山很困難,但是當(dāng)我們環(huán)顧四周,〔眼前的〕風(fēng)光讓我們感到驚奇,我們似乎能看到幾百里以外的地方。在某個(gè)時(shí)刻,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己置身高處,彷佛騎車穿越云層。然后我們開(kāi)場(chǎng)下山,這非常有趣,特別是天氣逐漸變得暖和多了。在山谷里,五彩斑斕的蝴蝶翩翩飛舞在我們身旁,我們還看到牦牛和羊群在吃草。這時(shí),我們不得不把帽子、外衣、手套和長(zhǎng)褲脫掉,換成T恤衫和短褲。一到黃昏,我們通常就停下來(lái)宿營(yíng),〔于是〕,我們先把帳篷支起來(lái),然后吃飯。晚飯后,王薇把頭放在枕頭上就睡覺(jué)了,而我卻醒著。半夜里,天空變得清朗了,星星更亮了?!惨雇怼撤浅0察o——幾乎沒(méi)有風(fēng),只有篝火的火焰和我們做伴。當(dāng)我躺在星空下,我想著我們已經(jīng)走了多遠(yuǎn)。我們很快就要到達(dá)云南的大理。在那里,我們的表兄弟刀衛(wèi)和宇航將參加我們的行列。我們迫不及待地想要見(jiàn)到他們!Unit4ANighttheEarthdidn’tSleepStrangethingswerehappeninginthecountrysideofnortheastHebei.Forthreedaysthewaterinthevillagewellsroseandfell,roseandfell.Farmersnoticedthatthewellwallshaddeepcracksinthem.Asmellygascameoutofthecracks.Inthefarmyards,thechickensandeventhepigsweretoonervoustoeat.Miceranoutofthefieldslookingforplacestohide.Fishjumpedoutoftheirbowlsandponds.Atabout3:00amonJuly28,1976,somepeoplesawbrightlightsinthesky.ThesoundofplanescouldbeheardoutsidethecityofTangshanevenwhennoplaneswereinthesky.Inthecity,thewaterpipesinsomebuildingscrackedandburst.Buttheonemillionpeopleofthecity,whothoughtlittleoftheseevents,wereasleepasusualthenight.At3:42ameverythingbegantoshake.Itseemedasiftheworldwasatanend!Elevenkilometersdirectlybelowthecitythegreatestearthquakeofthe20thcenturyhadbegun.ItwasfeltinBeijing,whichismorethantwohundredkilometersaway.One-thirdofthenationfeltit.Ahugecrackthatwaseightkilometerslongandthirtymeterswidecutacrosshouses,roadsandcanals.Steamburstfromholesintheground.Hardhillsofrockbecameriversofdirt.Infifteenterriblesecondsalargecitylayinruins.Thesufferingofthepeoplewasextreme.Two-thirdsofthemdiedorwereinjuredduringtheearthquake.Thousandsoffamilieswerekilledofinjuredreachedmorethan400,000.Buthowcouldthesurvivorsbelieveitwasnatural?Everywheretheylookednearlyeverythingwasdestroyed.Allofthecity’shospitals,75%ofitsfactoriesandbuildingsand90%ofitshomesweregone.Brickscoveredthegroundlikeredautumnleaves.Nowind,however,couldblowthemaway.Twodamsfellandmostofthebridgesalsofellorwerenotsafefortraveling.Therailwaytrackswerenowuselesspiecesofsteel.Tensofthousandsofcowswouldnevergivemilkagain.Halfamillionpigsandmillionsofchickensweredead.Sandnowfilledthewellsinsteadofwater.Peoplewereshocked.Then,laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquakewhichwasalmostasstrongasthefirstoneshookTangshan.Someoftherescueworkersanddoctorsweretrappedundertheruins.Morebuildingsfelldown.Water,food,andelectricitywerehardtoget.Peoplebegantowonderhowlongthedisasterwouldlast.Allhopewasnotlost.Soonafterthequakes,thearmysent150,000soldiersofthousandsofpeoplewerehelped.Thearmyorganizedteamstodigoutthosewhoweretrappedandtoburythedead.Tothenorthofthecity,mostofthe10,000minerswererescuedfromthecoalminesthere.Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.Freshwaterwastakentothecitybytrain,truckandplane.Slowly,thecitybegantobreatheagain.第四單元地震Reading地球的一個(gè)不眠之夜河北省東北部的農(nóng)村不斷有些怪事發(fā)生:三天來(lái),村子里的井水升升降降,起起伏伏。農(nóng)夫注意到,水井的井壁上有深深的裂縫,裂縫里冒出臭氣。農(nóng)家大院里的雞,甚至豬都緊張得不想吃食。老鼠從田地里跑出來(lái)找地方藏身。魚(yú)缸和池塘里的魚(yú)會(huì)往外跳。在1976年7月28日凌晨3點(diǎn)左右,有些人看到天上一道道明亮的光。即使天空沒(méi)有飛機(jī),在唐山城外也可以聽(tīng)到飛機(jī)聲。在市內(nèi),有些建筑物里的水管爆裂開(kāi)來(lái)。但是,唐山市的一百萬(wàn)居民幾乎都沒(méi)有把這些情況當(dāng)一回事,當(dāng)天晚上照常睡著了。在凌晨3點(diǎn)42分,一切都開(kāi)場(chǎng)搖晃起來(lái)。世界似乎到了末日!二十世紀(jì)最大的一次地震就在唐山市正下方11公里處發(fā)生了。100公里以外的北京市都感到了地震,全國(guó)1/3的地方都有震感。一條8公里長(zhǎng)30米寬的巨大裂縫橫穿房舍、馬路和渠道。地上一些洞穴冒出了蒸氣。石頭山變成了泥沙河,在可怕的15秒鐘內(nèi),一座大城市就沉淪在一片廢墟之中。人們?cè)馐艿臑?zāi)難極為深重。2/3的人在地震中死去或受傷。成千上萬(wàn)個(gè)家庭遇難,許多孩子變成了孤兒。死傷的人數(shù)到達(dá)40多萬(wàn)。幸存的人們又假設(shè)何能相信這是自然現(xiàn)象呢人們無(wú)論朝哪里看,哪里的一切都幾乎被毀了。所有的市內(nèi)醫(yī)院、75%的工廠和建筑物、90%的家園都消失了。殘磚就像秋天的紅葉覆蓋著大地,然而它們是不可能被風(fēng)刮走的。兩座大壩垮了,多數(shù)橋梁不是塌了就是無(wú)法安全通行了。鐵軌如今成了一條條廢鋼。好幾萬(wàn)頭牛再也擠不出奶來(lái)。50萬(wàn)頭豬和幾百萬(wàn)只雞全都死了。井里滿是沙子,而不是水。人們驚呆了。接著,在下午晚些時(shí)候,又一次和第一次一樣的強(qiáng)烈的地震震撼著唐山。有些醫(yī)生和救援人員被困在廢墟下面。更多的房屋倒塌了。水、電和食物都很難弄到。人們開(kāi)場(chǎng)納悶,這場(chǎng)災(zāi)難還會(huì)持續(xù)多久。不是所有的希望都破滅了。地震后不久,部隊(duì)派了15萬(wàn)名戰(zhàn)士到唐山來(lái)協(xié)助救援人員,數(shù)十萬(wàn)的人得到了救助。部隊(duì)人員組成小分隊(duì),將受困的人們挖出來(lái),將死者掩埋。在唐山市的北邊,有一個(gè)萬(wàn)名礦工的煤礦,其中多數(shù)人得救了。援救人員為那些家園被毀的幸存者蓋起了避難所,用火車、卡車和飛機(jī)向市內(nèi)運(yùn)來(lái)了水。慢慢地、慢慢地,這座城市又開(kāi)場(chǎng)出現(xiàn)了生機(jī)。Readingandspeaking唐山市政府辦公室親愛(ài)的______________:恭喜你!我們很快樂(lè)地告訴你,你在以新唐山為主題的中學(xué)演講比賽中獲得第一名。評(píng)委會(huì)的五位評(píng)委聽(tīng)了你的演講,他們都認(rèn)為你的演講是今年最好的。你的父母親和你的學(xué)校會(huì)為你而驕傲!下個(gè)月我們市將開(kāi)放一個(gè)新公園,以紀(jì)念在那次可怕的災(zāi)難中死去的人們,并向那些曾經(jīng)為幸存者提供過(guò)幫助的人們致敬。我們辦公室想請(qǐng)你在7月28日上午11點(diǎn)給來(lái)公園的參觀者進(jìn)展演講。你知道,三十〔〕年前的這一天正是唐山發(fā)生地震的日子。在這個(gè)特殊的日子里,我們邀請(qǐng)你把家人和朋友一起帶來(lái)。誠(chéng)摯的張沙Unit5
Elias’
Story
My
name
is
Elias.
I
am
a
poor
black
worker
in
South
Africa.
The
time
when
I
first
met
Nelson
Mandela
was
a
very
difficult
period
of
my
life.
I
was
twelve
years
old.
It
was
in
1952
and
Mandela
was
the
black
lawyer
to
whom
I
went
for
advice.
He
offered
guidance
to
poor
black
people
on
their
legal
problems.
He
was
generous
with
his
time,
for
which
I
was
grateful.
I
needed
his
help
because
I
had
very
little
education.
I
began
school
at
six.
The
school
where
I
studied
for
only
two
years
was
three
kilometers
away.
I
had
to
leave
because
my
family
could
not
continue
to
pay
the
school
fees
and
the
bus
fare.
I
could
notread
or
write
well.
After
trying
hard,
I
got
a
job
in
a
gold
mine.
However,
this
was
a
time
when
one
had
got
to
have
a
passbook
to
live
in
Johannesburg.
Sadly
I
did
not
have
it
because
I
was
not
born
there,
and
I
worried
about
whether
I
would
become
out
of
work.
The
day
when
Nelson
Mandela
helped
me
was
one
of
my
happiest.
He
told
me
how
to
get
the
correct
papers
so
I
could
stay
in
Johannesburg.
I
became
more
hopeful
about
my
future.
I
never
forgot
how
kind
Mandela
was.
When
he
organized
the
ANC
Youth
League,
I
joined
it
as
soon
as
I
could.
He
said:
“The
last
thirty
years
have
seen
the
greatest
number
of
laws
stopping
out
rights
and
progress,
until
today
we
have
reached
a
stage
where
we
have
almost
no
rights
at
all.〞
I
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