LEC術語大賽官方測試復習測試卷附答案

LEC術語大賽官方測試復習測試卷附答案1.Garnishment（）[單選題]*A.Anoticeissuedbypolicetoaskasuspecttoreportacrime.B.Avoluntarytransfer,byadebtorofallhispropertytoatrusteeforthebenefitofallhiscreditors.C.Areductioninsentencedtimeinprisonasarewardforgoodbehavior.Itusuallyisone-thirdtoone-halfoffthemaximumsentence.D.Acourtordertotakepartofaperson'swagesorothermoneyowedtohimorherbeforeheorshereceivesthemoney,becauseofanunpaiddebtowedtoacreditorwhohasobtainedajudgmentagainstthedebtor.(正確答案)答案解析：LEC2014/11第1題。Garnishment指“扣押財產(或欠款)令；扣押債務人財產的通知”。選項D:Acourtordertotakepartofaperson'swagesorothermoneyowedtohimorherbeforeheorshereceivesthemoney,becauseofanunpaiddebtowedtoacreditorwhohasobtainedajudgmentagainstthedebtor符合題意，為正確答案。另見例句：Judiciallienmainlycontainsattachmentlien,garnishmentlienandjudgmentlien.司法擔保主要包括查封擔保、扣押擔保、判決擔保。2.Standing（）[單選題]*A.Abbreviationof“notwithstanding”.B.Thefirstdraftofaproposedcourtjudgment.C.Theabilitytobringalawsuitbecauseofaparty'sactualinjuryforwhichthecourtcanprovidearemedy.(正確答案)D.Acourt'swrittenordercommandingsomeonetodoorrefrainfromdoingsomespecifiedact.答案解析：LEC2014/11第3題。Standing指“當事人適格；訴由”。選項C:Theabilitytobringalawsuitbecauseofaparty'sactualinjuryforwhichthecourtcanprovidearemedy符合題意，為正確答案。另見解釋：Thelegalrighttobringalawsuit,onlyapersonwithsomelegallyrecognizedinterestatstakehasstandingtobringalawsuit.3.GrandJury（）[單選題]*A.Ajuryempanelledtoimposeapenaltyofdeathbyhanging.B.Ajurythatcannotreachaverdictbytherequiredvotingmargin.C.Ajurysummonedbythecoronertoinvestigatethecauseofdeath.D.Ajuryofinquirywhichreceivescomplaintsandaccusationsincriminalcases.(正確答案)答案解析：LEC2014/11第4題。GrandJury指“大陪審團”。大陪審團人數(shù)通常多于一般審訊、審理陪審團成員人數(shù)，自早期的習慣法以來，它有12至23個陪審員。大陪審團接受刑事案件的申訴和指控，聽取公訴人引證的證據(jù)，當覺得有正當理由和足夠證據(jù)時，同意公訴人對被告進行指控。與大陪審團相對的是小陪審團(petitjury)或審理陪審團(trialjury)。大陪審團的主要作用是在經過調查之后，決定是否存在合理根據(jù)(probablecause)來起訴某人；而小陪審團的作用是通過對事實的認證之后，決定在民事案中是否有侵權行為發(fā)生，在刑事案件中是否有犯罪行為發(fā)生。選項D:Ajuryofinquirywhichreceivescomplaintsandaccusationsincriminalcases符合題意，為正確答案。4.ProximateCause（）[單選題]*A.Innegligencelaw,thecreationofalegalduty.B.Innegligencelaw,thebreachofalegalduty.C.Acloserelationshipbetweenaplaintiff'saction(orfailuretoact).(正確答案)D.Innegligencelaw,thedamagesresultingfromabreachofduty.答案解析：LEC2014/11第5題。ProximateCause指“近因”。其解釋為：oneofthefourrequirementsforatort,whichproducesanevent,withoutwhichtheinjurywouldnothaveoccurred.選項C:Acloserelationshipbetweenaplaintiff'saction(orfailuretoact)[注：C項表述不完整，后面應該遺漏了”andharm/damage“，但考試時仍認為其是對的。]符合題意，為正確答案。另見例句：Thepublicprosecutormustprovethedefendant'sactwastheproximatecauseoftheinjury.檢察官必須證明被告的行為是造成傷害的近因。5.SummaryDisposition（）[單選題]*A.Inacivillawsuit,adismissaloforjudgmentonallorpartofaclaim,madebyajudgepriortotrialuponmotionbyoneoftheparties.(正確答案)B.ProceedingswherethecourtdecidesanissueinapromptandsimplemannerwiththeaidofajuryC.Basicprinciplesoflawgenerallyacceptedbythecourtsorembodiedinthestatutesofaparticularjurisdiction.D.Thejudicialprocessconductedwiththecustomarylegalformalities.答案解析：LEC2014/11第7題。SummaryDisposition指“【民法】簡易判決；即決處理”。選項A:Inacivillawsuit,adismissaloforjudgmentonallorpartofaclaim,madebyajudgepriortotrialuponmotionbyoneoftheparties符合題意，為正確答案。6.StareDecisis（）[單選題]*A.Referstoacaseheardortobeheardbeforetheentirebenchratherthanbyapanelselectedfromthem.B.Thedoctrinethatthedecisionsofthecourtshouldserveasprecedentsforfuturecases.(正確答案)C.Thetrespassorytakingofpropertywiththeintenttopermanentlydeprivetheownerofitsownershiprights.D.Therulepreventingillegallyobtainedevidence,suchaspropertyfoundduringanillegalsearch,frombeingusedinanytrial.答案解析：LEC2014/11第8題。StareDecisis指“〈拉丁語〉遵循先例原則”。遵循先例原則是判例法的一個基本原則，它是判例法得以形成的基礎。遵循先例原則的基本含義就是：包含在以前判例中的法律原則對以后同類案件有約束力(bindingeffect),高級法院的判決對下級法院處理同類案件有約束力；同一法院的判決對其以后的同類案件的判決具有約束力。確切地說，是指一個判決中所含有的法律原則或規(guī)則，對其他法院或者甚至對本法院以后的審判，具有約束力或者說服力(persuasiveeffect)。選項B:thedoctrinethatthedecisionsofthecourtshouldserveasprecedentsforfuturecases符合題意，為正確答案。7.MensRea（）[單選題]*A.Referstoapendingcaseoverwhichthecourthasnoeffectivecontrol.B.AtermusedtodescribeissuesandclaimscapableofbeingproperlyexaminedincourtC.Referstothe“guiltymind”necessarytoestablishcriminalresponsibility.(正確答案)D.Atermusedtodescribepermanentandabsolutetenureoflandorpropertywithfreedomtodisposeofitatwill.答案解析：LEC2014/11第9題。MensRea指“犯罪心態(tài)；犯罪意圖”。在普通法上，“犯罪心態(tài)”與“犯罪行為(actusreus)”是犯罪主客觀方面的兩個基本要素。犯罪心態(tài)指行為人在事實社會危害行為時應受到社會譴責的心理狀態(tài)，包括蓄意(intention)、明知(knowledge)、輕率(recklessness)和疏忽(negligence)。選項C:referstothe“guiltymind”necessarytoestablishcriminalresponsibility符合題意，為正確答案。8.The“moralright”incopyrightprotectionrefersto（）[單選題]*A.the“uplifting”moralityofaworkofart.B.theinalienablepersonalrightsuchasauthorship.(正確答案)C.therighttoprohibitothersfromusingthecopyrightedworkinanimmoralwayD.theimmortalityofagreatliterarywork.答案解析：LEC2014/11第50題。本題考查對版權保護(copyrightprotection)中moralright的認識和理解。moralright可譯為“道德權利”（著作人身權）,是指在民法概念體系中，高于可剝奪(如因某經濟目的而進行的轉讓、分配、分割)的經濟權利的不可剝奪之權利。moralright旨在保護作者作品從個人角度來說的完整性，保護作者將其作品和作品名稱保持一致性的權利。因此，選項B切合題意，為正確答案。9.Binding（）[單選題]*A.Asusedinstatute,commonlymeansobligatory.(正確答案)B.Avoluntarytransfer,byadebtorofallhispropertytoatrusteeforthebenefitofallhiscreditors.C.Acontractfortemporaryinsurance;merelyawrittenmemorandumofthemostimportantitemsofapreliminarycontract.D.Afindingatapreliminaryexaminationthatsufficientevidenceexiststorequireatrialonthechargesmadeagainstthedefendant.答案解析：LEC2015/5第1題。Binding意為“有法律上的約束力”,即當事人必須按法律規(guī)定或約定行事，為“義務性”的。10.Blackmail（）[單選題]*A.Theindictmentfiledbyaprosecutor.B.Judgmentissuedbytheblackjudges.C.Incommonlawsystems,thetermisusedtorefertothetechnicallegalrulestobeappliedinaparticulararea,whicharemostoftenwell-establishedandnolongersubjecttoreasonabledispute.D.Thecrimeofthreateningtorevealembarrassing,disgracefulordamaginginformationaboutapersontothepublic,family,spouseorassociatesunlessmoneyispaidtopurchasesilence.(正確答案)答案解析：LEC2015/5第2題。Blackmail意為“敲詐；勒索；恐嚇(包含未遂的)”,也稱制定法上之勒索罪(statutoryextortion),指以傷害身體、毀壞財物、控告犯罪或揭露丑聞相威脅而非法索要錢財?shù)男袨椤?1.Competency（）[單選題]*A.Ofalossorhardshipforwhichcompensationcanbeobtained.B.Damagesawardedtocompensatethenonbreachingorinjuredparty.C.Theabilitytobringalawsuitbecauseofaparty'sactualinjuryforwhichthecourtcanprovidearemedy.D.Thepresenceofthosecharacteristics,whichmakeawitnesslegallyfitandqualifiedtogivetestimonyincourt-applied,inthesamesense,todocumentsorotherwrittenevidence.(正確答案)答案解析：LEC2015/5第3題。Competency意為"[證據(jù)法]作證能力,證明力",指證人能否在法庭作證的能力或資格;相應地,也指書證等能否作為證據(jù)被法庭采納用以對案件某一問題子以證明。12.PetitJury（）[單選題]*A.Ajuryempanelledtoimposeapenaltyofdeathbyhanging.B.Ajurythatcannotreachaverdictbytherequiredvotingmargin.C.Ajuryof6or12personsselectedtohearthetrialofacivilorcriminalcaseandtodetermineissuesoffact.(正確答案)D.Ajuryofinquirywhichreceivescomplaintsandaccusationsincriminalcases.答案解析：LEC2015/5第4題。PetitJury意為“小陪審團”,指審理民事或刑事案件的普通陪審團，之所以有此稱謂是因為要與大陪審團(grandjury)相區(qū)分。13.DefaultJudgment（）[單選題]*A.Ajudgmentsettingasideajury'sverdict.B.Apersonwholacksthefinancialresourcesnecessarytosatisfyajudgmentfordamagesorwhosewagesorpropertyisprotectedfromjudicialattachmentbylaw.C.Actiontakenbythecourtwhenapersonfailstoappearincourtinanswertoasummonsinacivilcase.(正確答案)D.Inacivillawsuit,adismissaloforjudgmentonallorpartofaclaim,madebyajudgepriortotrialuponmotionbyoneoftheparties.答案解析：LEC2015/5第5題。DefaultJudgment意為“缺席審判”,指被告在庭審中不到庭或未對原告的請求作出答辯的情況下，法庭所作的對被告不利的判決。14.NonEstFactum（）[單選題]*A.Referstoacaseheardortobeheardbeforetheentirebenchratherthanbyapanelselectedfromthem.B.Itisnothisorherdeed.Thisisadefencetoanactionfoundedonadocumentwherethedefendantallegesthateventhoughtheymayhavesignedthedocumenttheydidnotknowwhatthedocumentcontained.(正確答案)C.Meansthetrespassorytakingofpropertywiththeintenttopermanentlydeprivetheownerofitsownershiprights.D.Therulepreventingillegallyobtainedevidence,suchaspropertyfoundduringanillegalsearch,frombeingusedinanytrial.答案解析：LEC2015/5第8題。NonEstFactum意為“＜拉丁語〉這不是我所簽署的”,很多情況下，“這不是我的契約”(Itisnotmydeed)是被告的辯詞，聲稱其從沒有簽署文件，或簽署文件的時候并不知道文件的內容。15.PerCuriam（）[單選題]*A.Referstoapendingcaseoverwhichthecourthasnoeffectivecontrol.B.Bydecisionofacourtinunanimousagreement.(正確答案)C.Atermusedtodescribeissuesandclaimscapableofbeingproperlyexaminedincourt.D.Atermusedtodescribepermanentandabsolutetenureoflandorpropertywithfreedomtodisposeofitatwill.答案解析：LEC2015/5第9題。PerCurian意為"法庭一致通過",指由法庭全體同意,如"percuriamorinion"即是表示全體法官一致的意見,對有關問題不必再作討論。16.Interpleader（）[單選題]*A.Onewhoiscommittedtoaninstitution,suchasaprisonerataprison.B.Alegalactionenablingapersontopaymoniesintocourtandforcetwoormorepersonshavingcompetingorconflictingclaimsagainsthimorherforthesamethingtodisputethematteramongthemselves.(正確答案)C.Incommonlawsystems,thetermisusedtorefertothetechnicallegalrulestobeappliedinaparticulararea,whicharemostoftenwell-establishedandnolongersubjecttoreasonabledispute.D.Acourtorderrestrainingapersonfromdoingorcontinuingtodosomethingthatthreatensorcausesirreparableinjurytoanother;orrequiringthepersontodoaparticularact.答案解析：LEC2015/11第2題。Interpleader“交互訴訟”,在有兩人或兩人以上對由第三人持有的財產提出同一權利主張時，確定該財產所有權的訴訟程序。即持有某項財產但對該財產不享有任何利益者，在有兩人或兩人以上對該財產均提出了權利主張，而他又不知道誰是真正的權利者，且已被或將會被主張權力者起訴要求其返還財產時，為避免自己受到損害，要求他們相互之間進行訴訟，已確定真正的權利人。選項B表述符合“交互訴訟”的含義，本題正確答案為B。17.Precedent（）[單選題]*A.Theintroductorypartofastatute,deed,orothersimilardocument,statingitspurpose,aims,andjustification.B.Apreviouscaseorlegaldecisionthatmaybeormustbefollowedinsubsequentsimilarcases.(正確答案)C.Theabilitytobringalawsuitbecauseofaparty'sactualinjuryforwhichthecourtcanprovidearemedy.D.Thepresenceofthosecharacteristics,whichmakeawitnesslegallyfitandqualifiedtogivetestimonyincourt-applied,inthesamesense,todocumentsorotherwrittenevidence答案解析：LEC2015/11第3題。Precedent“先例、判例”。法院的判決是同級法院或下級法院以后處理有相同或類似法律問題案件的范例，以前的司法判決是以后處理類似案件的法律依據(jù)。選項B符合precedent的定義，本題正確答案為B。18.WrittenInstrument（）[單選題]*A.Awritusedbyasuperiorcourttopreventaninferiorcourtfromexceedingitsjurisdiction.B.Actiontakenbythecourtwhenapersonfailstoappearincourtinanswertoasummonsinacivilcase.C.Anythingreducedtowriting;theagreementorcontractthewritingcontains.Adocumentorwritingthatgivesformalexpressiontosomeact.(正確答案)D.Inacivillawsuit,adismissaloforjudgmentonallorpartofaclaim,madebyajudgepriortotrialuponmotionbyoneoftheparties.答案解析：LEC2015/11第5題。WrittenInstrument“書面證明，書證”。書證是采取書面形式用文字、符號或圖畫所表達的思想內容來證明案件事實的證據(jù)。書證包括合同書，各種各樣的公、私文書，租賃契約，結婚證，房產證，商標，信件，電報，牌號，車船票，各種運輸單據(jù)，交通事故責任認定書等。根據(jù)題意，選項C為正確答案。19.UnlawfulSearch（）[單選題]*A.Injurytoaperson'scharacterorreputationbythespokenword.B.Adetentionofrealestatewithouttheconsentoftheownerorotherpersonentitledtoitspossession.C.Incollectionorbankruptcyproceedings,adebtoraclaimisunsecuredifthereisnocollateral,ortotheextentthevalueofcollateralislessthantheamountofthedebt.D.ExaminationorinspectionofpremisesorpersonswithoutauthorityofthelawandinviolationoftheimmunityfromunreasonablesearchandseizureundertheFourthAmendmenttotheU.S.Constitution.(正確答案)答案解析：LEC2015/11第6題。UnlawfulSearch“非法搜查”。根據(jù)《美國憲法第四修正案》,任何人的人身、住宅、文件和財產不受無理搜查和查封；沒有合理事實依據(jù)，不得簽發(fā)搜查令和逮捕令。根據(jù)表述，選項D為正確答案。20.TrueBill（）[單選題]*A.Abillofindictmentfoundbyagrandjurytobesupportedbysufficientevidencetojustifythehearingofacase.(正確答案)B.Formofequitableproceedingsbroughttosecureanexplanation,alteration,orreversalofafinaldecreebythecourtwhichrenderedit.C.Thelegaldocumentthatsetsupalivingtrust.D.Astatementofrightsofaclassofpeopleinparticular.ThefirsttenamendmentstotheAmericanConstitution.答案解析：LEC2015/11第7題。TrueBill“正式起訴狀、起訴書”,由大陪審團認為證據(jù)充分而準予受理。根據(jù)表述，選項A為正確答案。21.PrimaFacie（）[單選題]*A.Referstothosefactsthatwillestablishaparty'srighttolegalreliefifnoevidencetothecontraryisofferedbytheparty'sopponent.(正確答案)B.Itisnothisorherdeed.Thisisadefencetoanactionfoundedonadocumentwherethedefendantallegesthateventhoughtheymayhavesignedthedocumenttheydidnotknowwhatthedocumentcontained.C.Thetrespassorytakingofpropertywiththeintenttopermanentlydeprivetheownerofitsownershiprights.D.Therulepreventingillegallyobtainedevidence,suchaspropertyfoundduringanillegalsearch,frombeingusedinanytrial.答案解析：LEC2015/11第8題。PrimaFacie“表面(或初步)證據(jù)確鑿的案件”,是指在被訴方沒有進行有力的反駁時，要求法庭在法律方面作出有利于投訴方的裁決。根據(jù)題意，選項A為正確答案。22.ForceMajeure（）[單選題]*A.Referstoapendingcaseoverwhichthecourthasnoeffectivecontrol.B.Referstounforeseeablecircumstancesthatpreventsomeonefromfulfillingacontract.(正確答案)C.AjudgmentissuedbyacourthavingjurisdictioninIndianterritory,aforeignstate,orastateotherthanthehomestate.D.Alegalproceedingtoenforcepaymentofadebtthroughthesaleofpropertyonwhichthecreditorholdslien.答案解析：LEC2015/11第9題。ForceMajeure“不可抗力”,意指不能預見、不能控制的事件或結果。不可抗力條款在合同解釋中頗為常見，其意在當合同當事人因非其所能控制的且以正當注意仍無法避免的原因而致其不能履行合同時，對該當事人提供保護。根據(jù)題意，正確答案為B。23.Theinitialstatementmadebyattorneysforeachside,outliningthefactseachintendstoestablishduringthetrialiscalled（）[單選題]*A.oralargumentB.oath.C.openingstatement.(正確答案)D.overrule.答案解析：LEC2015/11第10題。選項A:oralargument口頭辯論。選項B:oath宣誓；陳述真實性的聲明。選項C:openingstatement(律師)開庭陳述，指律師在庭審開始時，出示證據(jù)之前向陪審團就案件性質及預計提供的證據(jù)所作的簡要陳述，其目的在于使陪審團對案件事實及所涉爭議具有總括性的了解，從而便于其理解隨后將要提出的證據(jù)。選項D:overrule駁回，否決。根據(jù)題意，正確答案為C。24.JudicialReview（）[單選題]*A.PowerofthePresidenttoremovejudgesfromofficerforpoliticalreasons.B.PoweroftheU.S.Congresstoreviewactsofadministrativeagencies.C.Apopularannualmusicalshowputonbyjudgesatjudicialconferences.D.Powerofthecourtstoreviewactsofotherbranchesofgovernment.(正確答案)答案解析：LEC2016/5第1題。JudicialReview意為“司法審查”,在美國，司法審查亦稱“違憲審查”,是指法院審查國會制定的法律是否符合憲法，以及行政機關的行為是否符合憲法及法律。25.Misrepresentation（）[單選題]*A.Atruthfulpresentationofthefacts.B.Anintentionalfalsestatementthatisreasonablyrelieduponbyanothertothatperson'sdetriment.(正確答案)C.Intentionallyandmaliciouslyhurtingaperson'sfeelings.D.Atermusedinthecourttodescribealawyer'spresentationoffactstoajury.答案解析：LEC2016/5第3題。Misrepresentation意為"虛假陳述"或"失實陳述",指以語言或其他行為作出與事實的實際情況不符的意思表示,如被他人接受,會導致錯誤的理解。虛假陳述一般旨在欺騙或誘導他人。26.Liable（）[單選題]*A.Adefamatorystatementinwriting.B.Adefamatorystatementthatisspoken.C.Criminalguilt.D.Civilresponsibilityasdeterminedbyajudgeorjury.(正確答案)答案解析：LEC2016/5第5題。Liable在法律英語指“有法律責任的”“有義務的”,一般用beliablefor結構，即“對……負法律責任，其名詞為liability(法律責任)。27.DefaultJudgment（）[單選題]*A.Awrongfuldecisionbyatrialjudge.B.Anorderenteredwhenthejurycannotreachadecision.C.Orderthatajudgewillenterwhenadefendantfailstoappearincourt.(正確答案)D.ExaminationorinspectionofpremisesorpersonswithoutauthorityofthelawandinviolationoftheimmunityfromunreasonablesearchandseizureundertheFourthAmendmenttotheU.S.Constitution.答案解析：LEC2008/12第5題；LEC2016/5第6題。Defaultjudgment意為“缺席判決”,指被告在庭審中不到庭或未對原告的請求作出答辯的情況下，法庭所作的對被告不利的判決。28.Summons（）[單選題]*A.Abillofindictmentfoundbyagrandjurytobesupportedbysufficientevidencetojustifythehearingofacase.B.Formofequitableproceedingsbroughttosecureanexplanation,alteration,orreversalofafinaldecreebythecourtwhichrenderedit.C.Paperthatinformsadefendantthatalawsuithasbeenfiledandthatthedefendantmustappearincourt.(正確答案)D.Astatementofrightsofaclassofpeopleinparticular.ThefirsttenamendmentstotheAmericanConstitution.答案解析：LEC2016/5第7題。Summons意為“傳票”,指法院要求某人到庭所使用的一種正式書面文件。在美國民事訴訟中，當原告提起訴訟(filingofthecomplaint)后，法院書記官(clerk)簽發(fā)傳票，交執(zhí)行官(marshal)或特別指定的人送達給被告，告知其原告已在法庭對其提起了訴訟，并要求其于指定日期到庭對原告的起訴作出答辯，否則，法院將會作出原告勝訴的缺席判決。29.ParolEvidenceRule（）[單選題]*A.Referstounforeseeablecircumstancesthatpreventsomeonefromfulfillingacontract.B.Arulerequiringanappellatecourttoreverseaconvictionandawardanewtrialwhenanobviouserrorinthetrialproceedings,whichwasnotobjectedtoduringthetrialandwentuncorrectedbythetrialcourt,affectedthedefendant'sfundamentalrighttoafairtrial.C.Whenpartiesputanagreementinwriting,allpreviousoralagreementsmergewiththewritingandsubsequentoralevidencecannotmodifytheagreement.(正確答案)D.Alegalproceedingtoenforcepaymentofadebtthroughthesaleofpropertyonwhichthecreditorholdslien.答案解析：LEC2016/5第9題。ParolEvidenceRule意為“口頭證據(jù)規(guī)則”。[Parol“口頭的”之意。注：不能拼寫成parole，末尾加e就是另外一詞——“假釋”]作為合同解釋規(guī)則，美國合同法中的口頭證據(jù)規(guī)則是指：如果合同主體同意書面文件是他們之間協(xié)議條款的最終和完整的表達，那么協(xié)議前或同時的證據(jù)就不能被采納用以否定或改變書面文件，或給書面文件增加新的條款。根據(jù)此項規(guī)則，當事人簽訂正式書面合同時，合同條款不得因此前的書面或口頭協(xié)議而變更或推翻，但不排除與書面合同并無抵觸的口頭證據(jù)。該規(guī)則也適用于遺囑及信托。30.Accessory（）[單選題]*A.personwhoisobligatedonanaccount.B.Avoluntarytransfer,byadebtorofallhispropertytoatrusteeforthebenefitofallhiscreditors.C.Someonewhogivesassistancetotheperpetratorofcrime,withoutdirectlycommittingit,sometimeswithoutbeingpresent.(正確答案)D.Anindividualorinstitutionthatassumesanobligationtopaybysigningfororconsentingtoacheckordraft.答案解析：LEC2016/11第1題。A意為accountdebtor(債務人),D意為acceptor(承兌票據(jù)的人),只有C符合題意，accessory(同謀，幫兇，從犯)。31.Beneficiary（）[單選題]*A.Formertermusedforgiftofpersonalpropertybyawill.B.Onewhoreceivesbenefitsunderatrustorawill.(正確答案)C.Theenhancedvalueofrealpropertyarisingfromlocalimprovements.D.Thedecisionmadebyajuryastowhetheracriminaldefendantisguiltyornotguiltyorwhetheracivildefendantisliableornotliable.答案解析：LEC2016/11第2題。beneficiary“信托受益人或遺囑受遺贈人”,選項B符合釋義。選項A是bequest,即遺贈物，遺產，選項C為betterment不動產增值，選項D是判令。32.GeneralDamages（）[單選題]*A.Thevoluntarytransfer,byadebtorofallhispropertytoatrusteeforthebenefitofallhiscreditors.B.Compensationforthelossdirectlyandnecessarilyincurredbyabreachofcontract.(正確答案)C.Referstocourtsthathavenolimitonthetypesofcriminalandcivilcasestheymayhear.D.Ademurrerthatraisesthequestionwhetherthepleadingagainstwhichitisdirectedlacksthedefiniteallegationsessentialtoacauseofactionordefense.答案解析：LEC2016/11第4題。GeneralDamages是（一般）違約/侵權賠償金，指對不法行為所當然或通常造成的損害或損失給予的金錢補償。原告毋需在訴狀中專門說明或加以證明。因此選項B符合釋義【注：本題B選項其實是有一定問題的，generaldamages不僅用于指一般違約賠償金，也可指一般侵權賠償金。但其他選項更不妥當?！?。選項A為generalassignment全部轉讓(他的利益)給他的債權人；選項C為generaljurisdiction普通管轄權(指法院無限制審理刑事或民事案件);選項D為generaldemurrer全面抗辯。33.GoodFaith（）[單選題]*A.Honestintenttoactwithouttakinganunfairadvantageoveranotherperson.(正確答案)B.Areductioninsentencedtimeinprisonasarewardforgoodbehavior.C.Acloserelationshipbetweenaplaintiff'saction(orfailuretoact).D.Anintangiblebutrecognizedbusinessassetwhichistheresultofsuchfeaturesofanongoingenterpriseastheproductionorsaleofreputablebrandnameproducts,agoodrelationshipwithcustomersandsuppliers,andthestandingofthebusinessinitscommunity答案解析：LEC2016/11第5題。GoodFaith為誠實信用或誠信原則，選項A符合釋義。選項B為goodtime減刑，選項C為原告行為間的密切關系，選項D為goodwill/goodwill善意，良好心愿的，慈善性質的。34.IntrinsicEvidence（）[單選題]*A.Suchasisrelevantandgoestothesubstantialissuesindispute.B.Anobjectrelevanttofactsinissueatatrial,andproducedforinspectionattrialratherthandescribedbyawitness.C.Basicprinciplesoflawgenerallyacceptedbythecourtsorembodiedinthestatutesofaparticularjurisdiction.D.Partoftheinternalchaincomposingtheprocessofadjudication.(正確答案)答案解析：LEC2016/11第7題。IntrinsicEvidence為固有的證據(jù)，內部證據(jù)，即“１在庭審中通過對證人的詢問而獲得的證據(jù)；２存在于書面文件中的證據(jù)?！边x項D（“構成裁決過程的內部鏈條的一部分”，它是指intrinsicevidence的地位）符合釋義。其他選項更不妥當：選項A為爭論中相關和本質的問題，選項B為審訊中通常由檢方而非證人方提出的反對意見，選項C為由法庭所普遍接受的基本原則或在司法條約中體現(xiàn)出的法條。35.NoloContendere（）[單選題]*A.Nocontest.Apleathroughwhichthedefendantdoesnotadmitguilt,but(正確答案)whichhasthesamelegaleffectasapleaofguiltyinacriminalcase.B.Onewhoisjoinedasapartyordefendantmerelybecausethetechnicalrulesofpleadingrequirehispresenceintherecord.C.Theprosecutordeclinestoprosecute,butmaystillinitiateprosecutionwithinthetimeallowedbylaw.D.Atermusedtodescribepermanentandabsolutetenureoflandorpropertywithfreedomtodisposeofitatwill.答案解析：LEC2016/11第9題。NoloContendere為無罪申訴(刑事訴訟中，被告人不認罪但又放棄申辯),選項A符合釋義，選項B為nominalparty名義上的當事人，選項C為nolleprosequi原告撤訴，選項D為絕對財產占有權。36.BlackLetterLaw（）[單選題]*A.Acivilcode.B.DefinitionsfromBlack'sLawDictionary.C.Lawsconcerningtheprivacyoflettersandothercorrespondences.D.Basicprinciplesoflawgenerallyacceptedbythecourtsorembodiedinthestatutesofaparticularjurisdiction.(正確答案)答案解析：LEC2016/11第10題。BlackLetterLaw為應用于某一領域的，已經被廣泛接受和認可的法律規(guī)定，選項D符合釋義。37.Acontractthathasbeenfullyperformediscalledaoran（）[單選題]*A.unilateralcontract.B.bilateralcontract.C.executedcontract.(正確答案)D.functionalcontract.答案解析：LEC2016/11第16題。executedcontract(1)已履行的合同指雙方當事人均已完全履行義務的合同。如只是部分履行，則稱為部分履行合同〔partiallyexecutedcontract〕，實為待履行合同〔executorycontract〕。(2)即時清結合同指合同訂立時立即完全履行的合同，例如即時交割、銀貨兩訖的現(xiàn)金合同〔cashsale〕。38.Rescissionisdefinedas（）[單選題]*A.thecancellationofacontractbyathirdparty.B.thecancellationofacontractduetoa“timeisoftheessence”clause.C.thecancellationofacontractbyoneoftheparties.D.thecancellationofacontractbymutualagreementoftheparties.(正確答案)答案解析：LEC2016/11第17題。美國《統(tǒng)一商法典》〔U.C.C.〕試圖根據(jù)不同情況而對相關的語詞進行區(qū)分。例如，rescission（合意解除）是指通過雙方協(xié)議的方式解除合同；「終止」〔termination〕是指根據(jù)前述協(xié)議所授予的合同解除權而解除合同義務，即“約定解除權的行使”；「取消」〔cancellation〕則是指由于合同對方的違約而終止合同，即“法定解除權的行使”。因此，本題選D。【注：rescission還有“撤銷合同”的意思，其含義并不精準；“撤銷”還有其他表達，如avoid/invalidate】39.Ifasellerbreachescontract,thenthebuyercan（）[單選題]*A.suethesellerforcompensatorydamages.(正確答案)B.suethesellerforpunitivedamages.C.declarethecontractforfeited.D.noneoftheanswersshown.答案解析：LEC2016/11第18題。compensatorydamages補償性損害賠償金：指用于補償實際的和精神的損失、傷害的一切損害賠償金，但不包括懲罰性損害賠償金〔punitiveorexemplarydamages〕和名義損害賠償金〔nominaldamages〕。違約責任一般不包括懲罰性賠償。40.Iftheacceptedoffervariesfromtheoriginaloffer,itisknownasaoran（）[單選題]*A.reformation.B.counter-offer.(正確答案)C.earnestmoneydeposit.D.rescission.答案解析：LEC2016/11第19題。counteroffern.反要約：指進行磋商的雙方當事人中的一方就對方提出的要約所發(fā)出的要約。附條件的承諾、在要約中增加內容或對要約內容進行任何實質性改變均被視為反要約。反要約導致對原要約的拒絕以及向要約人發(fā)出新要約的法律效果。這是由英美合同法中的「鏡像規(guī)則」〔mirror-imagerule〕所決定的。但是，根據(jù)美國《統(tǒng)一商法典》〔U.C.C.〕第2-207條的規(guī)定，在貨物買賣合同中，承諾即使與原要約有所不同或對其有所補充，仍具有承諾的效力，補充條款應被解釋為是對合同的補充建議。這一規(guī)定在實質上修改了前述原則。41.ThejudiciaryisoneofthethreeseparateandindependentbranchesofgovernmentestablishedbyoftheUnitedStatesConstitution.（）[單選題]*A.ArticleI.B.ArticleII.C.ArticleIII.(正確答案)D.ArticleIV.答案解析：LEC2018/12第2題。美國憲法序言只有一句話，由52個單詞構成，闡明了制定美國憲法的理論基礎和目的。序言之后，美國憲法由七章組成：第一章立法權，第二章行政權，第三章司法權，第四章各州權力和限制，第五章憲法修正程序，第六章聯(lián)邦權力，第七章憲法批準程序。截至目前，美國憲法共通過了27個有效的修正案。其中，最初的10個修正案是一次性被通過的，因其主要規(guī)定了人民的權利和對政府的限制，被統(tǒng)稱為權利法案。此后的17個修正案則是逐次通過的。美國憲法結構及內容是LEC考試中經常出現(xiàn)的問題，考生應熟練掌握。42.Theroleofajuryistodecide:（）[單選題]*A.Issuesoflaw.B.Properjurisdiction.C.Questionsoffact.(正確答案)D.Propervenue.答案解析：LEC2018/12第3題。美國一審時多數(shù)案件由陪審團判定“事實問題”(questionsoffact),而法官僅負責解釋法律問題(issuesoflaw),當事人可以放棄陪審團審判，要求改由法官審判。如果是刑事案件，陪審團定被告有罪(convict)后再由法官量刑(sentencing)。民事案件中，賠償金額也由陪審團決定。本題正確答案為C.43.Thecommonlawsystemcameinto_,historically,inEnglandlargelyastheresultoftheactivityoftheroyalcourtsofjusticeaftertheNormanConquest.（）[單選題]*A.lifeB.nameC.existence(正確答案)D.been.答案解析：從歷史上看，普通法體系在英國的形成主要是諾曼征服后皇家法院活動的結果。原文”being”與”existence”同義，存在。因此，選項C是正確的。44.RoyalcourtshadonlyoverRoyalfinance,ownershipandpossessionofland,andseriouscrime.（）[單選題]*A.authority(正確答