北京市延慶區(qū)2021屆高考一模英語(yǔ)試題 附解析

延慶區(qū)2020—2021學(xué)年度高三模擬試卷高三英語(yǔ)本試卷共11頁(yè)，共100分?？荚嚂r(shí)長(zhǎng)90分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案寫在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無(wú)效。第一部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑?！癐GotHim!”ItwasthehomecomingparadeinRockwall,Texas,andcheerleaderTyraWintersinheruniform,wasridingatoponeoftheschool’sfloats(花車).Asitslowlymadeitswaydownthestreet,the17-year-oldenthusiastically___1___atthecrowd,allthewhilesoakinginthemusic,laughter,andapplause.Allofasudden,ahorrible___2___came.Lookingdown,Winterssawatwo-year-oldonthesidewalkgaspingforair,hismother___3___forhelpinpanic.Theboyhadbeensuckingonapieceofcandywhenit___4___downthebackofhismouth,lodginginhisthroatandblockinghiswindpipe.“Therewasnocoughing；therewasno___5___,”hismother,Nicolecried.Nooneseemedtoknowhowtohelp.ExceptforWinters.Withdreamsofbecomingasurgeon,shehadlearnedtheHeimlich

maneuver（海姆利克氏急救法）.Knowingthateverysecond___6___,sheleapedoffthemovingfloatandrantothechild.Bythetimeshegottotheboy,hisfacehadturnedpurple.“Igothim!”sheyelledtoNicoleasshe___7___theboyfromher.Winters

positionedhimagainstherandgaveagoodthreebackslaps.Soon,theboycoughedupthepieceof___8___,gasped,andbeganbreathingagain.Withoutanotherword,Wintershandedtheboybacktohismotherandhurriedbacktoherfloatbeforeitcouldleaveherbehind.Itallhappenedso___9___,Nicoleneverhadtimetothanktheteen.Winters’heroicactionsleftNicole_____10_____.“Idon’treallyhaveanywords,”shesaid,“‘thankyou’doesn’tseemgoodenough.”1.A.laughed B.waved C.shouted D.stared2.A.noise B.ring C.whistle D.scream3.A.begging B.applying C.waiting D.preparing4.A.ran B.slid C.fell D.jumped5.A.gasping B.crying C.breathing D.speaking6.A.faded B.continued C.approached D.counted7.A.grabbed B.moved C.drew D.separated8.A.nut B.blood C.candy D.biscuit9.A.quickly B.quietly C.gradually D.obviously10.A.hopeless B.speechless C.helpless D.emotionless【答案】1.B2.D3.A4.B5.C6.D7.A8.C9.A10.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文，講述了一名17歲的啦啦隊(duì)隊(duì)長(zhǎng)在游行時(shí)從彩車上跳下來(lái)救助一名因糖果堵住氣管的男孩的英勇故事。【1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)花車緩慢地經(jīng)過(guò)街道時(shí)，這位17歲的女孩熱情地朝人群揮手，當(dāng)時(shí)所有人都沉浸在音樂、笑聲和掌聲里。A.laughed笑；B.waved揮手；C.shouted大叫；D.stared凝視。分析句子可知這位17歲的啦啦隊(duì)隊(duì)長(zhǎng)cheerleader，“ridingatopoftheschoolsfloats坐在花車的頂上”，應(yīng)該是朝人群揮手示意。故選B?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：突然，傳來(lái)一陣可怕的尖叫聲。A.noise噪音；B.ring戒指；C.whistle哨子；D.scream尖叫。后文“hismother…forhelpinpanic他的媽媽慌張地求救”可知嘈雜的人群中這位媽媽要求救需要大聲呼喊，故有尖叫聲。故選D?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：Winters看到人行道上一個(gè)兩歲的男孩在盡力呼吸，他的媽媽驚慌地請(qǐng)求幫助。A.begging乞求；B.applying應(yīng)用；C.waiting等待；D.preparing準(zhǔn)備。后文“apieceofcandy…lodginginhisthroatandlockinghiswindpipe”“一塊糖果……掉到他的喉嚨里，堵住了氣管”可知這個(gè)男孩難以呼吸，故他的媽媽呼救。故選A?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這個(gè)男孩之前吸吮一塊糖果，當(dāng)時(shí)糖果從嘴巴后側(cè)滑落進(jìn)入喉嚨，堵住了氣管。A.ran跑；B.slide滑；C.fell落下；D.jumped跳。分析句子可知吃糖果的時(shí)候，只有從嘴巴后側(cè)滑進(jìn)去，才會(huì)到喉嚨。故選B?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：“不咳嗽、也沒有呼吸，”他媽媽Nicole哭著說(shuō)道。A.grasping抓??；B.crying哭泣；C.breathing呼吸；D.speaking說(shuō)。前文說(shuō)男孩子“graspingforair努力、盡力呼吸”可知堵住氣管的他很難呼吸成功，幾乎不能呼吸。故選C?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：知道每一秒鐘都十分重要，她跳下彩車，跑向那個(gè)孩子。A.faded消逝；B.continued繼續(xù)；C.approached接近；D.counted重要、有價(jià)值。根據(jù)前文可知男孩呼吸困難，而“WintershadlearnedtheHeimlichmaneuver學(xué)過(guò)海姆利克氏急救法”，故她知道對(duì)于呼吸困難的急救而言，每一秒鐘都只舉足輕重的。故選D。7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：“我來(lái)抓住他！”當(dāng)她從Nicole那里奪過(guò)男孩時(shí)她朝Nicole大聲喊道。A.grabbed奪??；B.moved移動(dòng)；C.drew拖、拉；D.separated分開。分析前后文可知最初男孩的母親在照顧他，Winters肯定是從媽媽Nicole那里把小孩搶奪過(guò)去，然后試圖搶救。故選A?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：很快，那個(gè)男孩就咳出了那塊糖果，抓住，然后重新開始呼吸。A.nut堅(jiān)果；B.blood血液；C.candy糖果；D.biscuit餅干。由前文可知男孩是被糖果卡住氣管的，故咳出來(lái)也應(yīng)該是糖果。故選C。【9題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：這一切如此的快，Nicole都沒來(lái)得及感謝這位少年。A.quickly快速地；B.quietly安靜地；C.gradually逐漸地；D.obviously顯然地。由后文“neverhadtimetothanktheteen沒時(shí)間感謝這位少年”可推斷出是救治速度很快，Winters救回男孩后就快速離開了。故選A?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Winters的英勇壯舉使Nicole一時(shí)語(yǔ)塞，不知道說(shuō)啥。A.hopeless無(wú)希望的；B.speechless一時(shí)語(yǔ)塞的；C.helpless無(wú)助的；D.emotionless沒有情感的。后文“Idon’treallyhaveanywords我真沒什么可說(shuō)的”可知Nicole一時(shí)語(yǔ)塞了。故選B。第二節(jié)語(yǔ)法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Didyoueverrunoffandforgetyourdrink?That's___11___happenedto11-yearoldFrankEppersonin1905.He'dbeenmixingdrinkmixwithastick,and___12___(leave)thecupandstickoutontheporchallnight.Anditgotcold.Inthemorning,Frankfounda___13___(freeze)blockofsweetdrink-withahandysticktoholdit.Hethoughtthatwasprettycoolsohemademore.Soon,everyoneenjoyedhisicepops.AtfirstFrankcalledthemEpsicles,butlatertheygotadifferentname—popsicles.【答案】11.what12.left13.frozen【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了冰棒的由來(lái)。1905年11歲的弗蘭克·埃珀森把用棍子攪拌飲料后把它放在門廊上一整晚，然后飲料變成了冰棒，這種冰棒受到了大家的歡迎?！?1題詳解】考查表語(yǔ)從句。句意：1905年11歲的弗蘭克·埃珀森就是這樣。在表語(yǔ)從句中缺少主語(yǔ)，且是指事情，所以應(yīng)用what引導(dǎo)。故填what?！?2題詳解】考查一般過(guò)去時(shí)。句意：他一直在用棍子攪拌飲料，把杯子放在門廊上一整晚。根據(jù)“in1905”可知，此處描述過(guò)去的事情，且發(fā)生在他一直在用棍子攪拌飲料之后，所以應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。故填left。【13題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：第二天早上，弗蘭克發(fā)現(xiàn)了一塊冰凍的甜飲料，里面有一根手杖。根據(jù)“Soon,everyoneenjoyedhisicepops.”(很快，每個(gè)人都喜歡他的冰激凌。)可知，此處是指冰凍的甜飲料，應(yīng)用形容詞frozen表示“冰凍的”修飾名詞block。故填frozen。B閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Theroboticlunarmissionended____14____(successful)earlyonDecember18th.Chang’e5’sreentrycapsule,____15____(carry)rocksandsoilsfromthemoon,landedonthegrasslandinnorthernChina.ItisreportedthatChang’e5missionisChina’smostcomplicatedandchallengingspaceadventure,which

____16____(make)Chinathethirdnationintheworldtobringbacklunarsamples—rightaftertheU.S.andtheformerSovietUnion.Themission’sresultswillcontributetodeepeningmankinds’understandingoftheoriginofthemoonand____17____(develop)ofthesolarsystem.【答案】14.successfully15.carrying16.hasmade17.development【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，旨在介紹嫦娥5號(hào)航天任務(wù)?！?4題詳解】考查副詞。句意：機(jī)器人登月任務(wù)早在12月18號(hào)就成功結(jié)束。分析句子可知successful“成功的”在句中修飾動(dòng)詞ended“結(jié)束”，應(yīng)該用其副詞形式。故填successfully?！?5題詳解】考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意：嫦娥5號(hào)的返回艙，承載著從月球而來(lái)的石頭和土壤，在中國(guó)北部的草原著陸。分析句意可知主語(yǔ)Chang’e5’sreentrycapsule“嫦娥5號(hào)的返回艙”與carry“攜帶”是主謂關(guān)系，但此句已有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞landed“著陸”，故carry用現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。故填carrying?！?6題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：據(jù)報(bào)道，嫦娥5號(hào)的任務(wù)是中國(guó)航天之旅最復(fù)雜而具有挑戰(zhàn)性的，這也使得中國(guó)成為緊接在美國(guó)和前蘇聯(lián)后的第三個(gè)帶回月球樣本的國(guó)家。分析句子可知，此空為非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)部分。且中國(guó)是過(guò)去到現(xiàn)在為止第三個(gè)帶回月球標(biāo)本的，故make“使得”用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。故填hasmade?！?7題詳解】考查名詞。句意：此次任務(wù)的成果將有助于深化人類對(duì)月球起源和太陽(yáng)系發(fā)展的理解。分析句子可知空格處填develop“發(fā)展”的名詞，表示太陽(yáng)系的發(fā)展歷史，且與前文的名詞短語(yǔ)theoriginofthemoon“月球的起源”形成并列結(jié)構(gòu)。故填development。C閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Pixarisoneoftheworld’smostfamousandsuccessful?lm____18____(studio).Itslatestanimated?lm,Soul,____19____(release)lastNovember.SoultellsthestoryofJoeGardner,anaspiringjazzmusicianlivinginNewYork.Oneday,afteranaccident,GardnerendsupintheGreatBefore—aplace____20____soulsmust“findtheirspark”beforeenteringahumanbody.WhenGardnerisgiventhejobofmentoringasoulcalled22,hetriestofindhiswaybacktoEarth.【答案】18.studios19.wasreleased20.where【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了由世界上最著名的電影制片廠皮克斯最新出品的動(dòng)畫電影《心靈奇旅》?！?8題詳解】考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：皮克斯是世界上最著名和最成功的電影制片廠之一。oneof+the+形容詞最高級(jí)+復(fù)數(shù)名詞。故填studios?！?9題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。句意：它的最新動(dòng)畫電影《心靈奇旅》于去年11月上映。根據(jù)句中時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)lastNovember可知，用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。主語(yǔ)Itslatestanimated?lm,Soul與release之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，所以用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。故填wasreleased?！?0題詳解】考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意：一天，在一場(chǎng)意外之后，加德納來(lái)到了“偉大的之前”——一個(gè)靈魂在進(jìn)入人體之前必須“找到他們的火花”的地方。句中先行詞為place，在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，所以用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。故填where。第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AThesimplestsmartphoneever

TheJitterbug?Smart2fromGreatCall?isthesimplestphonewithasimplemenu,largescreenandparticularhealthandsafetyservices.EasyEverythingyouwanttodo,fromtextingandtakingpictures,toemailingandgettingdirections,isorganizedinasinglelistononescreenwithlargelegibleletters.Plus,voicetypingmakeswritingemailsandtextseffortless.SmartTurnyourJitterbugSmart2intoapersonalsafetydevicewithGreatCall’s55tar?UrgentResponseServiceandparticularhealthapps.AffordableGreatCallhasavarietyofplanswithdatastartingaslowas$17.48permonth.Comparedtoothercellphonecompanies,youcouldsaveover$300peryear.WhytheJitterbugSmart2isyourbestchoiceforanewsmartphone:Nolong-termcontractsKeepyourcurrentphonenumber100%U.S.-basedcustomerserviceandtechnicalsupportNohiddenmonthlyfeesAffordable,flexibleplansToorderorlearnmore,call1-800-410-2629Or/Smart25%offof$149.99MSRPisonlyvalid(有效的)fornewlinesofservice.Offervalid11/12/2020through1/2/2021.Monthlyfeesdonotincludegovernmenttaxesorassessmentsurchargesandaresubjecttochange.PlansandservicesmayrequirepurchaseofaGreatCalldeviceandaone-timesetupfeeof$35.$300savingscalculationbasedonmarketleaders’lowestavailablemonthlypublishedfees.JITTERBUGaretrademarksofBestBuyanditsattachedcompanies.?2020BestBuy.Allrightsreserved.21.Whatmakeswritingemailsandtextseasyaccordingtothepassage?A.Thesimplemenu. B.Thelargescreen.C.Thesinglelist. D.Thespeechinput.22.WhencanyougetthediscountwhenbuyingJitterbugSmart2?A.November11st,2020. B.January10th,2020.C.January1st,2021. D.February10th,2021.23.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?A.Toadvertiseasmartphone. B.Torecommendhealthapps.CTointroduceasafetydevice. D.Tocomparewirelessnetworks.【答案】21.D22.C23.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章是一則手機(jī)廣告，并且介紹了這款手機(jī)的幾個(gè)優(yōu)點(diǎn)，其中包括使用簡(jiǎn)便，智能，便宜等?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題第二段最后一句提到“Plus,voicetypingmakeswritingemailsandtextseffortless.”（此外，語(yǔ)音打字讓寫郵件和短信變得毫不費(fèi)力）由此可知，語(yǔ)音輸入使得寫郵件和短信變得更簡(jiǎn)單，故選D?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。最后一段第一句提到“25%offof$149.99MSRPisonlyvalid(有效的)fornewlinesofservice.Offervalid11/12/2020through1/2/2021.”（建議零售價(jià)149.99美元的25%折扣只適用于新服務(wù)線路。有效期11/12/2020至1/2/2021）再結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，可以在2021年1月1日使用折扣購(gòu)買手機(jī)。故選C?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章標(biāo)題“Thesimplestsmartphoneever”（史上最簡(jiǎn)單的智能手機(jī)）可知，本文介紹一款智能手機(jī)，后文中又介紹了手機(jī)的優(yōu)點(diǎn)以及價(jià)格方面的折扣，由此判斷是為這款手機(jī)進(jìn)行廣告宣傳。故選A?！军c(diǎn)睛】BMyfirstyearlivinginLosAngeles,Iwasabirthday-partyclown.Istruggledalotwithmyidentitybecause,thoughIviewedmyselfasafilmmaker,everyoneinmylifeviewedmeasthisridiculousdayjob.OnceIwastold,“Tomorrowyou’regoingtobeBatman.”Now,keepinmindthatatthetimeIhadagiantmustache.Iknowaclownwithamustacheisahugeredflagforparents.ButIhadn’twantedtoaltermyphysicalappearanceforthatjob,becausethatwouldhavebeenmesubconsciouslyadmittingIwasmoreofaclownthananartist.Thenextday,Iwenttothepartyinahugepublicpark,andIleftmycarparkedfarenoughawaysothatthekidscouldn’tseeBatmanpullingupinaPTCruiser.Walkingtotheparty,Istartedtoregretmychoicenottoshave.“Gosh,thispartyisnotgoingtogowell.”Sureenough,onceIgotcloseenoughforthemtoactuallystartmakingoutthefeaturesofmyface,theentirepartybrokeoutinlaughter.IwassoembarrassedthatIwantedtoturnaroundandrunbacktomyBatmobile.Butthenthelaughterkindofchangedintocheeringandapplause.Feelingkindofwarmandfuzzyinside,Iwondered,“Isthiswhatencouragementandsupportfeellike?It’ssonew.”ThenIdecidedtomakeanentranceforthesekids.Iwasstillabout20yardsawayfromthepartywhenIstartedrunning.Mycapewasbillowinginthewind,andmustacheornot,inthatmoment,IwasBatman.Iranintotheparty,andthekidswereallhigh-fivingme.Thedadwassaying,“Itoldyou,son.ItoldyouBatmanhasamustache.”ThenhetookmeovertothishugebirthdaycakewithafrostingBatmandrawnonit,andtheBatmanhasamustache.Ijuststaredatitindisbeliefandlearntthatinsteadofjustadmittingthatthecakewasmessedup,theparentssaid,“Batmanhasamustache.Hejustshavesitforhismovies.”Thatyear,Istruggledalotwithmyidentity;wasIafilmmaker,orwasIaclown?Butthatday,atleast,therewasnodoubtinmymindwhatIwas.Imaynothavebeentheherothattheyordered,andIcertainlywasnottheherotheyexpected.Butthatday,Iwastheherothattheyneeded.24.Whydid“I”keepmymustache?A.Istruggledalotforbeingafilmmaker.B.IwantedtobeaBatmaninabirthdayparty.C.Iknewthataclownshouldwearamustache.D.Ihadn’twantedtochangemyappearanceforthejob.25.Howdid“I”entertheparty?A.Iranfast. B.Ihigh-fived.C.Idrovethecar. D.Iwalkedslowly.26.Howdid“I”feelattheendoftheparty?A.Satisfied. B.Astonished.C.Disappointed. D.Ashamed.【答案】24.D25.A26.A【解析】【詳解】本文是一篇記敘文。作者是一名在生日聚會(huì)上表演的小丑。有一次，作者需要扮演成蝙蝠俠，他卻決定以不刮胡子的形象示眾。1細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Iknowaclownwithamustacheisahugeredflagforparents.ButIhadn’twantedtoaltermyphysicalappearanceforthatjob,becausethatwouldhavebeenmesubconsciouslyadmittingIwasmoreofaclownthananartist.(我知道有胡子的小丑對(duì)于父母來(lái)說(shuō)是一種鼓舞。但我不想為了扮演蝙蝠俠而改變我的外形，因?yàn)槟菍?duì)我來(lái)說(shuō)就是承認(rèn)與其說(shuō)我是藝術(shù)家，倒不如說(shuō)是我是小丑)”可知，作者保留了胡子，因?yàn)樗幌霝榱诉@份工作而改變自己的外貌。故選D。2細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Iranintotheparty,andthekidswereallhigh-fivingme.(我跑進(jìn)派對(duì)，孩子們都跟我擊掌)”可知，作者跑著進(jìn)入派對(duì)。故選A。3推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Butthatday,Iwastheherothattheyneeded.(但是那天，我是他們需要的英雄)”可推知，作者對(duì)自己的表現(xiàn)是滿意的。A.Aatisfied.滿意的；B.Astonished.吃驚的；C.Disappointed.失望的；D.ashamed.可恥的。故選A。CWhilemanypeoplearen’tgettingenoughcalcium(鈣),newresearchcautionsthatsomepeoplemayhavetheoppositeproblem:theycouldbegettingtoomuch.Americansspendmorethan$1billionayearoncalciumsupplementsinhopesofdelayingosteoporosis,akindofbonediseasethatdisablesmanyelderlywomenandsomemen.Yetrecentstudieslinkcalciumsupplementstoahigherriskofheartattacks.Lastmonth,theU.S.PreventiveServicesTaskForceissuedadraftrecommendationagainsttakingcalciumandvitaminD，sayingtherewasn’tenoughevidenceofbenefittojustifytherisk.ForgenerationsofAmericanswhogrewupencouragedtodrinkmilktomaintainstrongbones,thereportsraisedtroublingquestions:Iscalciumnotsoimportantafterall?Arethesupplementsunsafe?Andhowmuchistoomuch?“It’sgottenveryconfusingbutitdoesn’tneedtobe,”saysEthelSiris,directoroftheToniStabileOsteoporosisCenterinNewYork.Howmuchcalciumpeopleneedvariesbyageandgender.“Adultsgenerallyneed1,000mgdaily,risingto1,200mgforwomenover50andmenover70,accordingtoguidelinesissuedin2010.Childrenneed1,300mgdailyduringthepeakgrowingyearsof9to18.”PeoplealsoneedsufficientlevelsofvitaminDtoabsorbthecalcium.TheIOMrecommends600internationalunitsadayformostadults,and800dailyafterage70，althoughmanyphysiciansrecommendmore.ItisdifficulttotakeinthatmuchvitaminDfromfoodsources,soexpertssaymanypeopleshouldtakevitaminDinsupplementform.Gettingadequatecalciumfromfoodiseasier.Forexample,8ouncesofmilkor6ouncesofyogurthas300mgofcalcium,andonecupofspinachhas270mg.Butstudieslinkingcalciumsupplementstoheartattackhavemadeexpertsmorecautiousofexcesscalciumthanbefore.Astudyof24,000GermanspublishedinthejournalHeartlastmonth,foundthatthosewhogottheircalciumexclusivelyfromsupplementsweremorethantwiceaslikelytohaveaheartattackasthosewhotooknosupplements.Exactlyhowcalciumsupplementsmightcontributetoheartattacksbafflesexperts.“Nobodyhasassociatedthecalciuminyourbloodstreamwithcalcification(鈣化)inyourarteries(動(dòng)脈),”saysNiecaGoldberg,medicaldirectoroftheJoanH.TischCenter.Still,shesaysshenowurgespatientsgettheirrecommendedcalciumfromfoodratherthanfromsupplementstoavoidpossibleproblems.Osteoporosisexpertsalsourgepatientsnottotakemorethantherecommendedamountofcalcium.“Peopleshoulddefinitelystoptakingtwobigcalciumsupplementsaday,”saysDr.Dawson-Hughes.Eveniftherisksremainunclear,takingmorethanthebodycanabsorbdoesn’tbenefitbones,”soit’snotworthanyrisk.”Sheadds.27.Accordingtothenewstudies,whatmightbetheresultoftakingmuchcalcium?A.Delayingaging. B.Buildingmuscles.C.Causingheartproblems. D.Curingbonediseases.28.WhatisEthelSiris’opinionontakingcalciumsupplements?A.Takingcalciumsupplementsisunsafe.B.Adultsneedmorecalciumthanchildren.C.Itismuchsafertotakecalciumfromfood.D.Ageandgenderdeterminetheamountofcalciumtaken.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“baffle”inParagraph6mean?A.Interest. B.Puzzle.C.Amaze. D.Frighten.30.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Itishelpfultotaketwocalciumsupplementsaday.B.Itisimportanttomaintainstrongbonesforwomen.C.Itisunnecessarytotaketoomuchcalciumsupplement.D.ItisbesttotakecalciumandvitaminDfromsupplement.【答案】27.C28.D29.B30.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹大多數(shù)人喜歡從保健品上過(guò)多的攝取鈣，以為對(duì)身體有好處，實(shí)際上相關(guān)研究證明這樣做沒有好處，反而可能有害處?！?7題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Yetrecentstudieslinkcalciumsupplementstoahigherriskofheartattacks.(最近的研究表明額外補(bǔ)鈣與較高的心臟病風(fēng)險(xiǎn)有聯(lián)系)”可知，攝入過(guò)多的鈣可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致心臟病。故選C項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Howmuchcalciumpeopleneedvariesbyageandgender.(人們所需鈣的攝入量因年齡和性別不同而有所不同)”可知，EthelSiris認(rèn)為性別和年齡是決定每個(gè)人所需鈣的攝入量的決定因素。故選D項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。第六段“‘Nobodyhasassociatedthecalciuminyourbloodstreamwithcalcificationinyourarteries,’saysNiecaGoldberg,medicaldirectoroftheJoanH.TischCenter.Still,shesaysshenowurgespatientsgettheirrecommendedcalciumfromfoodthanfromsupplementstoavoidpossibleproblems.(JoanH.Tisch中心的主任醫(yī)師NiecaGoldberg認(rèn)為雖然還沒有人將血液中的鈣和人體動(dòng)脈的鈣化聯(lián)系在一起，她還是勸她的病人從食物中攝取鈣，而不是從保健品上攝取，以防可能出現(xiàn)的問題)”可知，她雖然不確定血液中鈣的含量對(duì)心血管疾病有害，但也不敢下定論說(shuō)完全沒有害。故可推斷，這個(gè)問題讓心臟病專家也感到困惑。由此推知?jiǎng)釉~“baffle”意思為“使困惑”，與“puzzle”同義。故選B項(xiàng)。30題詳解】推理判斷題。最后一段“Eveniftherisksremainunclear,takingmorethanthebodycanabsorbdoesn'tbenefitbones(雖然風(fēng)險(xiǎn)還不確定，攝取比身體能夠吸收的量還要多的鈣對(duì)骨頭沒什么益處)”可推知，攝入過(guò)量即使沒有危害，也是沒什么必要的。故選C項(xiàng)。DNeurotech—new,potentiallyrevolutionarytechnology—promisestotransformourlives.Withalltheglobalchallengesoftoday,weneedrevolutionarytechnologytohelptheworldcope.Therearedifferenttypesofneurotech—someisinvasive,someisn’t.Invasivebrain-computerinterfacesinvolveplacingmicroelectrodesorotherkindsofneurotechmaterialsdirectlyontothebrainorevenembeddingthemintotheneuraltissue.Suchtechnologyhasalreadyimprovedthequalityoflifeandabilitiesofpeoplewithdifferentillnessesorimpairments,fromepilepsytoParkinson’sDiseasetochronicpain.Thereisalsononinvasive

neurotechthatcanbeusedforsimilarapplications.Forexample,researchershavedevelopedwearablestoinferaperson’sintendedspeechormovement.Thesearealreadyquiteimpressive,butthereisalsoneurotechthatreallypushestheenvelope.Notonlycanitsenseorreadneurodatabutitcanalsomodulate—invasivelyandnoninvasively.Thisresearchisstillinearlystages,butit’sadvancingrapidly.Asneurotechbecomesmorecommonplace,wemustconsidertherisksitmightpresent,themoralsaroundit,andthenecessaryregulation.Wehavetoanticipateanddealwiththeimplicationsrelatedtothedevelopmentanduseofthistechnology.Anyneurotechapplicationsshouldconsiderpotentialconsequencesfortheautonomy,privacy,responsibility,consent,integrityanddignityofaperson.Whatifsomeoneweretofaceemploymentdiscriminationbecausethealgorithms（算法）thatpoweraneurotechapplicationusedforhiringmisinterprethisorherneurodata?Whatifacriminalgetsaholdofthepreviousorcurrentneurodataofthesecretaryofdefenseandstealstopsecretinformation?Concernsincreasewhenwearenotjustmonitoringsomeone’sneurodatabutalsointerpretingit,decodingtheperson’sthoughts—withimplicationsforaccuracyandmentalprivacy.Onetrickyaspectisthatmostoftheneurodatageneratedbythenervoussystemsisunconscious.Itmeansitisverypossibletounknowinglyorunintentionallyprovideneurotechwithinformationthatoneotherwisewouldn’t.So,insomeapplicationsofneurotech,thepresumptionofprivacywithinone’sownmindmaysimplynolongerbeacertainty.Asnew,emergingtechnology,neurotechchallengescorporations,researchersandindividualstoreaffirmourcommitmenttoresponsibleinnovation,it’sessentialtoenforceguardrailssothattheyleadtobeneficiallong-termoutcomes—oncompany,nationalandinternationallevels.Weneedtoensurethatresearchersandmanufacturersofneurotechaswellaspolicymakersandconsumersapproachitresponsibly.Let’sactnowtoavoidanyfuturerisksasneurotechmatures—forthebenefitofhumanity.31.Thefirsttwoparagraphsmainly________.A.statethequalityofneurotech B.stressthenecessityofneurotechC.comparethefunctionsofneurotech D.presentthetechnologyofneurotech32.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Noninvasiveneurotechismuchbetterthaninvasiveone.B.Messageswithinone’smindcanbesaferwithneurotech.C.Itbringsmoreriskstoprivacytohaveneurodataanyalyzed.D.Properruleshavealreadybeenmadetodealwithneurodata.33.Accordingtothepassage,companies,policymakersandconsumersshould________.A.interpretallneurodatatoimproveaccuracyB.useneurotechnologyinaresponsiblewayC.helpdevelopmorenoninvasiveapplicationsD.avoidneurotechforthebenefitofmankind34.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.NeurotechHasLong-termBenefitsB.NeurotechMeetMoralChallengesC.NeurotechTransformHumanlivesD.NeurotechBecomeCommonplace【答案】31.D32.C33.B34.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了神經(jīng)技術(shù)的定義和它面臨的道德挑戰(zhàn)?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Neurotech—new,potentiallyrevolutionarytechnology—promisestotransformourlives.（神經(jīng)科技——一項(xiàng)潛在革命性的新技術(shù)——承諾改變我們的生活。）”以及第二段“Therearedifferenttypesofneurotech—someisinvasive,someisn’t.（有不同類型的神經(jīng)科技——有些是侵入性的，有些不是。）”可知，前兩段主要介紹了神經(jīng)技術(shù)。故選D。【32題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Anyneurotechapplicationsshouldconsiderpotentialconsequencesfortheautonomy,privacy,responsibility,consent,integrityanddignityofaperson.（任何神經(jīng)技術(shù)應(yīng)用都應(yīng)該考慮對(duì)個(gè)人的自主性、隱私、責(zé)任、同意、正直和尊嚴(yán)的潛在后果。）”可知，對(duì)神經(jīng)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析會(huì)給隱私帶來(lái)更多風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。故選C。【33題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Weneedtoensurethatresearchersandmanufacturersofneurotechaswellaspolicymakersandconsumersapproachitresponsibly.（我們需要確保神經(jīng)科技的研究人員和制造商，以及政策制定者和消費(fèi)者負(fù)責(zé)任地對(duì)待它。）”可知，公司、政策制定者和消費(fèi)者應(yīng)該以負(fù)責(zé)任的方式使用神經(jīng)技術(shù)。故選B?！?4題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Asneurotechbecomesmorecommonplace,wemustconsidertherisksitmightpresent,themoralsaroundit,andthenecessaryregulation.（隨著神經(jīng)科技變得越來(lái)越普遍，我們必須考慮它可能帶來(lái)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)、圍繞它的道德以及必要的監(jiān)管。）”以及下文都在講述神經(jīng)科技保證消費(fèi)者的精神隱私的問題，可知，本文主要介紹的是神經(jīng)科技面臨道德挑戰(zhàn)的主題。故選B。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Canyoumove11minutesaday?You’lllivelongerifyoudoThereisnodenyingthat2020hasreducedactivitylevels.BetweentheZoommeetings,Netflixbingesandvirtualcocktailhours,increasedsittingisapandemic-drivenrealityformany.____35____Butthereisgoodnews!Despiteallthatsedentarytime,withaslittleas11minutesofmovementaday,youcanincreaseyourlifespan,a

recentstudy

hasfound.____36____It'strue;paststudies,includingapopular

study

from2016,hadoriginallyputthedailyexercisetargetat60to75minutesformortalitybenefits.However,thatstudywasbasedonself-reporteddata,whichthislateststudy,publishedintheBritishJournalofSportsMedicine,foundtobeflawedduetopeoplemisrememberingtheiractualactivitylevels.Takingamoreobjectiveapproach,scientistsattheNorwegianSchoolofSportsMedicinebasedtheirresearchontheuseofactivitymonitorstotrackexerciseversussedentarytime.Theresultsshowedthatparticipantswhoexercised35minutesperdaysawthebiggeststatisticaldifferenceonlifespan.Yetjust11minutesofmoderateexercise—equivalenttoabriskwalk—stillhadanoticeablepositiveimpact.____37____Hereisawaytoconsider—4setsofa3-minutebody-weightexercisesequence.Dependingontheexercisesyouuse,youmaygoataslightlydifferentpaceduringeachround,makingitabout11minutes.Whenselectingyourexercises,trytopickasequenceofmovementsthatwillequatetoafull-bodyworkoutofmoderateeffort.____38____Ideally,doacombo,determiningthenumberofrepetitionsforeachexercisebasedonyourfitnesslevelandmaintainingathree-minutesequenceforthetimeframe.Seehoweasyitistofitin11minutesofdailyexercise?Youcandoit.____39____Althoughnoonecangiveyouado-overof2020,youcanmakeupforlosttimebyaddingalittlemoretoyourlifespan.A.Infact,youoweittoyourselfaftergettingthroughthispastyear.B.Andstudieshaverevealedthegreat

healthrisks

ofprolongedsitting.C.Thesimplestwayiswithawalkoutsideoronthetreadmillatyourlocalgym.D.Alowerbarriermakesiteasiertogeteventhemostinactiveamongusmoving.E.Youmightwonderaboutthehour-per-daymeasurementyou'vebeenhearingaboutforyears.F.What'smore,bothtimeframeswerepositivelyimpactful,regardlessoftheamountofsitting.G.Avoiddoingonlyupper-bodymovementsunlessyoudolower-bodymovementsthenextday.【答案】35.B36.E37.F38.G39.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要說(shuō)明了疫情導(dǎo)致了人們久坐，從而危害健康，主要就每天鍛煉11分鐘可以延長(zhǎng)壽命的研究展開了說(shuō)明?！?5題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Thereisnodenyingthat2020hasreducedactivitylevels.BetweentheZoommeetings,Netflixbingesandvirtualcocktailhours,increasedsittingisapandemic-drivenrealityformany.(不可否認(rèn)，2020年的活動(dòng)水平有所下降。對(duì)許多人來(lái)說(shuō)，在Zoom會(huì)議、Netflix狂歡和虛擬雞尾酒時(shí)間之間，久坐是一個(gè)受流行病驅(qū)動(dòng)的現(xiàn)實(shí))”可知，上文提到疫情導(dǎo)致了人們久坐，可知本句應(yīng)當(dāng)承接上文說(shuō)明久坐對(duì)人們的影響，故B選項(xiàng)“研究表明長(zhǎng)時(shí)間坐著對(duì)健康有很大的危害”符合語(yǔ)境，故選B?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Butthereisgoodnews!Despiteallthatsedentarytime,withaslittleas11minutesofmovementaday,youcanincreaseyourlifespan,arecentstudyhasfound.(但也有好消息！最近的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，盡管久坐不動(dòng)，每天只需運(yùn)動(dòng)11分鐘，你仍然可以延長(zhǎng)壽命)”以及后文“It'strue;paststudies,includingapopularstudyfrom2016,hadoriginallyputthedailyexercisetargetat60to75minutesformortalitybenefits.(這是真的；過(guò)去的研究，包括2016年的一項(xiàng)流行研究，最初把每天鍛煉的目標(biāo)定為60至75分鐘，以降低死亡率)”可知，上文提到了每天運(yùn)動(dòng)很短時(shí)間仍然可以延長(zhǎng)壽命，后文則提到了每天鍛煉一小時(shí)可以降低死亡率，故E選項(xiàng)“你可能想知道你已經(jīng)聽了很多年的每天一小時(shí)的運(yùn)動(dòng)”符合語(yǔ)境，故選E?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Takingamoreobjectiveapproach,scientistsattheNorwegianSchoolofSportsMedicinebasedtheirresearchontheuseofactivitymonitorstotrackexerciseversussedentarytime.Theresultsshowedthatparticipantswhoexercised35minutesperdaysawthebiggeststatisticaldifferenceonlifespan.Yetjust11minutesofmoderateexercise—equivalenttoabriskwalk—stillhadanoticeablepositiveimpact.(挪威運(yùn)動(dòng)醫(yī)學(xué)院的科學(xué)家采取了更客觀的方法，他們的研究基于使用活動(dòng)監(jiān)測(cè)器來(lái)跟蹤鍛煉和久坐時(shí)間。結(jié)果顯示，每天鍛煉35分鐘的參與者在壽命方面的統(tǒng)計(jì)差異最大。然而，僅僅11分鐘的適度鍛煉——相當(dāng)于快走——仍然有顯著的積極影響)”可知，上文提到了每天鍛煉35和11分鐘兩個(gè)時(shí)間段，本句為本段最后一句，應(yīng)承接上文說(shuō)明這兩個(gè)時(shí)間段的作用。故F選項(xiàng)“更重要的是，無(wú)論坐的時(shí)間長(zhǎng)短，這兩個(gè)時(shí)間段都具有積極的影響”符合語(yǔ)境，故選F?！?8題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Hereisawaytoconsider—4setsofa3-minutebody-weightexercisesequence.Dependingontheexercisesyouuse,youmaygoataslightlydifferentpaceduringeachround,makingitabout11minutes.Whenselectingyo