北京市延慶區(qū)2021屆高考一模英語試題 附解析

延慶區(qū)2020—2021學(xué)年度高三模擬試卷高三英語本試卷共11頁，共100分?？荚嚂r長90分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案寫在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效。第一部分：知識運用（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑?！癐GotHim!”ItwasthehomecomingparadeinRockwall,Texas,andcheerleaderTyraWintersinheruniform,wasridingatoponeoftheschool’sfloats(花車).Asitslowlymadeitswaydownthestreet,the17-year-oldenthusiastically___1___atthecrowd,allthewhilesoakinginthemusic,laughter,andapplause.Allofasudden,ahorrible___2___came.Lookingdown,Winterssawatwo-year-oldonthesidewalkgaspingforair,hismother___3___forhelpinpanic.Theboyhadbeensuckingonapieceofcandywhenit___4___downthebackofhismouth,lodginginhisthroatandblockinghiswindpipe.“Therewasnocoughing；therewasno___5___,”hismother,Nicolecried.Nooneseemedtoknowhowtohelp.ExceptforWinters.Withdreamsofbecomingasurgeon,shehadlearnedtheHeimlich

maneuver（海姆利克氏急救法）.Knowingthateverysecond___6___,sheleapedoffthemovingfloatandrantothechild.Bythetimeshegottotheboy,hisfacehadturnedpurple.“Igothim!”sheyelledtoNicoleasshe___7___theboyfromher.Winters

positionedhimagainstherandgaveagoodthreebackslaps.Soon,theboycoughedupthepieceof___8___,gasped,andbeganbreathingagain.Withoutanotherword,Wintershandedtheboybacktohismotherandhurriedbacktoherfloatbeforeitcouldleaveherbehind.Itallhappenedso___9___,Nicoleneverhadtimetothanktheteen.Winters’heroicactionsleftNicole_____10_____.“Idon’treallyhaveanywords,”shesaid,“‘thankyou’doesn’tseemgoodenough.”1.A.laughed B.waved C.shouted D.stared2.A.noise B.ring C.whistle D.scream3.A.begging B.applying C.waiting D.preparing4.A.ran B.slid C.fell D.jumped5.A.gasping B.crying C.breathing D.speaking6.A.faded B.continued C.approached D.counted7.A.grabbed B.moved C.drew D.separated8.A.nut B.blood C.candy D.biscuit9.A.quickly B.quietly C.gradually D.obviously10.A.hopeless B.speechless C.helpless D.emotionless【答案】1.B2.D3.A4.B5.C6.D7.A8.C9.A10.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文，講述了一名17歲的啦啦隊隊長在游行時從彩車上跳下來救助一名因糖果堵住氣管的男孩的英勇故事?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當花車緩慢地經(jīng)過街道時，這位17歲的女孩熱情地朝人群揮手，當時所有人都沉浸在音樂、笑聲和掌聲里。A.laughed笑；B.waved揮手；C.shouted大叫；D.stared凝視。分析句子可知這位17歲的啦啦隊隊長cheerleader，“ridingatopoftheschoolsfloats坐在花車的頂上”，應(yīng)該是朝人群揮手示意。故選B?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：突然，傳來一陣可怕的尖叫聲。A.noise噪音；B.ring戒指；C.whistle哨子；D.scream尖叫。后文“hismother…forhelpinpanic他的媽媽慌張地求救”可知嘈雜的人群中這位媽媽要求救需要大聲呼喊，故有尖叫聲。故選D。【3題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：Winters看到人行道上一個兩歲的男孩在盡力呼吸，他的媽媽驚慌地請求幫助。A.begging乞求；B.applying應(yīng)用；C.waiting等待；D.preparing準備。后文“apieceofcandy…lodginginhisthroatandlockinghiswindpipe”“一塊糖果……掉到他的喉嚨里，堵住了氣管”可知這個男孩難以呼吸，故他的媽媽呼救。故選A?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：這個男孩之前吸吮一塊糖果，當時糖果從嘴巴后側(cè)滑落進入喉嚨，堵住了氣管。A.ran跑；B.slide滑；C.fell落下；D.jumped跳。分析句子可知吃糖果的時候，只有從嘴巴后側(cè)滑進去，才會到喉嚨。故選B?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：“不咳嗽、也沒有呼吸，”他媽媽Nicole哭著說道。A.grasping抓?。籅.crying哭泣；C.breathing呼吸；D.speaking說。前文說男孩子“graspingforair努力、盡力呼吸”可知堵住氣管的他很難呼吸成功，幾乎不能呼吸。故選C。【6題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：知道每一秒鐘都十分重要，她跳下彩車，跑向那個孩子。A.faded消逝；B.continued繼續(xù)；C.approached接近；D.counted重要、有價值。根據(jù)前文可知男孩呼吸困難，而“WintershadlearnedtheHeimlichmaneuver學(xué)過海姆利克氏急救法”，故她知道對于呼吸困難的急救而言，每一秒鐘都只舉足輕重的。故選D。7題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：“我來抓住他！”當她從Nicole那里奪過男孩時她朝Nicole大聲喊道。A.grabbed奪取；B.moved移動；C.drew拖、拉；D.separated分開。分析前后文可知最初男孩的母親在照顧他，Winters肯定是從媽媽Nicole那里把小孩搶奪過去，然后試圖搶救。故選A?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：很快，那個男孩就咳出了那塊糖果，抓住，然后重新開始呼吸。A.nut堅果；B.blood血液；C.candy糖果；D.biscuit餅干。由前文可知男孩是被糖果卡住氣管的，故咳出來也應(yīng)該是糖果。故選C?！?題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：這一切如此的快，Nicole都沒來得及感謝這位少年。A.quickly快速地；B.quietly安靜地；C.gradually逐漸地；D.obviously顯然地。由后文“neverhadtimetothanktheteen沒時間感謝這位少年”可推斷出是救治速度很快，Winters救回男孩后就快速離開了。故選A。【10題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Winters的英勇壯舉使Nicole一時語塞，不知道說啥。A.hopeless無希望的；B.speechless一時語塞的；C.helpless無助的；D.emotionless沒有情感的。后文“Idon’treallyhaveanywords我真沒什么可說的”可知Nicole一時語塞了。故選B。第二節(jié)語法填空（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Didyoueverrunoffandforgetyourdrink?That's___11___happenedto11-yearoldFrankEppersonin1905.He'dbeenmixingdrinkmixwithastick,and___12___(leave)thecupandstickoutontheporchallnight.Anditgotcold.Inthemorning,Frankfounda___13___(freeze)blockofsweetdrink-withahandysticktoholdit.Hethoughtthatwasprettycoolsohemademore.Soon,everyoneenjoyedhisicepops.AtfirstFrankcalledthemEpsicles,butlatertheygotadifferentname—popsicles.【答案】11.what12.left13.frozen【解析】【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了冰棒的由來。1905年11歲的弗蘭克·埃珀森把用棍子攪拌飲料后把它放在門廊上一整晚，然后飲料變成了冰棒，這種冰棒受到了大家的歡迎?！?1題詳解】考查表語從句。句意：1905年11歲的弗蘭克·埃珀森就是這樣。在表語從句中缺少主語，且是指事情，所以應(yīng)用what引導(dǎo)。故填what?！?2題詳解】考查一般過去時。句意：他一直在用棍子攪拌飲料，把杯子放在門廊上一整晚。根據(jù)“in1905”可知，此處描述過去的事情，且發(fā)生在他一直在用棍子攪拌飲料之后，所以應(yīng)用一般過去時。故填left?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：第二天早上，弗蘭克發(fā)現(xiàn)了一塊冰凍的甜飲料，里面有一根手杖。根據(jù)“Soon,everyoneenjoyedhisicepops.”(很快，每個人都喜歡他的冰激凌。)可知，此處是指冰凍的甜飲料，應(yīng)用形容詞frozen表示“冰凍的”修飾名詞block。故填frozen。B閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Theroboticlunarmissionended____14____(successful)earlyonDecember18th.Chang’e5’sreentrycapsule,____15____(carry)rocksandsoilsfromthemoon,landedonthegrasslandinnorthernChina.ItisreportedthatChang’e5missionisChina’smostcomplicatedandchallengingspaceadventure,which

____16____(make)Chinathethirdnationintheworldtobringbacklunarsamples—rightaftertheU.S.andtheformerSovietUnion.Themission’sresultswillcontributetodeepeningmankinds’understandingoftheoriginofthemoonand____17____(develop)ofthesolarsystem.【答案】14.successfully15.carrying16.hasmade17.development【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，旨在介紹嫦娥5號航天任務(wù)?！?4題詳解】考查副詞。句意：機器人登月任務(wù)早在12月18號就成功結(jié)束。分析句子可知successful“成功的”在句中修飾動詞ended“結(jié)束”，應(yīng)該用其副詞形式。故填successfully?！?5題詳解】考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意：嫦娥5號的返回艙，承載著從月球而來的石頭和土壤，在中國北部的草原著陸。分析句意可知主語Chang’e5’sreentrycapsule“嫦娥5號的返回艙”與carry“攜帶”是主謂關(guān)系，但此句已有謂語動詞landed“著陸”，故carry用現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動進行的動作。故填carrying?！?6題詳解】考查時態(tài)。句意：據(jù)報道，嫦娥5號的任務(wù)是中國航天之旅最復(fù)雜而具有挑戰(zhàn)性的，這也使得中國成為緊接在美國和前蘇聯(lián)后的第三個帶回月球樣本的國家。分析句子可知，此空為非限定性定語從句的謂語部分。且中國是過去到現(xiàn)在為止第三個帶回月球標本的，故make“使得”用現(xiàn)在完成時。故填hasmade。【17題詳解】考查名詞。句意：此次任務(wù)的成果將有助于深化人類對月球起源和太陽系發(fā)展的理解。分析句子可知空格處填develop“發(fā)展”的名詞，表示太陽系的發(fā)展歷史，且與前文的名詞短語theoriginofthemoon“月球的起源”形成并列結(jié)構(gòu)。故填development。C閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Pixarisoneoftheworld’smostfamousandsuccessful?lm____18____(studio).Itslatestanimated?lm,Soul,____19____(release)lastNovember.SoultellsthestoryofJoeGardner,anaspiringjazzmusicianlivinginNewYork.Oneday,afteranaccident,GardnerendsupintheGreatBefore—aplace____20____soulsmust“findtheirspark”beforeenteringahumanbody.WhenGardnerisgiventhejobofmentoringasoulcalled22,hetriestofindhiswaybacktoEarth.【答案】18.studios19.wasreleased20.where【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了由世界上最著名的電影制片廠皮克斯最新出品的動畫電影《心靈奇旅》?！?8題詳解】考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：皮克斯是世界上最著名和最成功的電影制片廠之一。oneof+the+形容詞最高級+復(fù)數(shù)名詞。故填studios?！?9題詳解】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：它的最新動畫電影《心靈奇旅》于去年11月上映。根據(jù)句中時間狀語lastNovember可知，用一般過去時。主語Itslatestanimated?lm,Soul與release之間為被動關(guān)系，所以用被動語態(tài)。故填wasreleased。【20題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：一天，在一場意外之后，加德納來到了“偉大的之前”——一個靈魂在進入人體之前必須“找到他們的火花”的地方。句中先行詞為place，在定語從句中作地點狀語，所以用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。故填where。第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，38分）第一節(jié)（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。AThesimplestsmartphoneever

TheJitterbug?Smart2fromGreatCall?isthesimplestphonewithasimplemenu,largescreenandparticularhealthandsafetyservices.EasyEverythingyouwanttodo,fromtextingandtakingpictures,toemailingandgettingdirections,isorganizedinasinglelistononescreenwithlargelegibleletters.Plus,voicetypingmakeswritingemailsandtextseffortless.SmartTurnyourJitterbugSmart2intoapersonalsafetydevicewithGreatCall’s55tar?UrgentResponseServiceandparticularhealthapps.AffordableGreatCallhasavarietyofplanswithdatastartingaslowas$17.48permonth.Comparedtoothercellphonecompanies,youcouldsaveover$300peryear.WhytheJitterbugSmart2isyourbestchoiceforanewsmartphone:Nolong-termcontractsKeepyourcurrentphonenumber100%U.S.-basedcustomerserviceandtechnicalsupportNohiddenmonthlyfeesAffordable,flexibleplansToorderorlearnmore,call1-800-410-2629Or/Smart25%offof$149.99MSRPisonlyvalid(有效的)fornewlinesofservice.Offervalid11/12/2020through1/2/2021.Monthlyfeesdonotincludegovernmenttaxesorassessmentsurchargesandaresubjecttochange.PlansandservicesmayrequirepurchaseofaGreatCalldeviceandaone-timesetupfeeof$35.$300savingscalculationbasedonmarketleaders’lowestavailablemonthlypublishedfees.JITTERBUGaretrademarksofBestBuyanditsattachedcompanies.?2020BestBuy.Allrightsreserved.21.Whatmakeswritingemailsandtextseasyaccordingtothepassage?A.Thesimplemenu. B.Thelargescreen.C.Thesinglelist. D.Thespeechinput.22.WhencanyougetthediscountwhenbuyingJitterbugSmart2?A.November11st,2020. B.January10th,2020.C.January1st,2021. D.February10th,2021.23.Whatisthepurposeofthispassage?A.Toadvertiseasmartphone. B.Torecommendhealthapps.CTointroduceasafetydevice. D.Tocomparewirelessnetworks.【答案】21.D22.C23.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章是一則手機廣告，并且介紹了這款手機的幾個優(yōu)點，其中包括使用簡便，智能，便宜等?！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題第二段最后一句提到“Plus,voicetypingmakeswritingemailsandtextseffortless.”（此外，語音打字讓寫郵件和短信變得毫不費力）由此可知，語音輸入使得寫郵件和短信變得更簡單，故選D?！?2題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。最后一段第一句提到“25%offof$149.99MSRPisonlyvalid(有效的)fornewlinesofservice.Offervalid11/12/2020through1/2/2021.”（建議零售價149.99美元的25%折扣只適用于新服務(wù)線路。有效期11/12/2020至1/2/2021）再結(jié)合選項可知，可以在2021年1月1日使用折扣購買手機。故選C?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章標題“Thesimplestsmartphoneever”（史上最簡單的智能手機）可知，本文介紹一款智能手機，后文中又介紹了手機的優(yōu)點以及價格方面的折扣，由此判斷是為這款手機進行廣告宣傳。故選A?！军c睛】BMyfirstyearlivinginLosAngeles,Iwasabirthday-partyclown.Istruggledalotwithmyidentitybecause,thoughIviewedmyselfasafilmmaker,everyoneinmylifeviewedmeasthisridiculousdayjob.OnceIwastold,“Tomorrowyou’regoingtobeBatman.”Now,keepinmindthatatthetimeIhadagiantmustache.Iknowaclownwithamustacheisahugeredflagforparents.ButIhadn’twantedtoaltermyphysicalappearanceforthatjob,becausethatwouldhavebeenmesubconsciouslyadmittingIwasmoreofaclownthananartist.Thenextday,Iwenttothepartyinahugepublicpark,andIleftmycarparkedfarenoughawaysothatthekidscouldn’tseeBatmanpullingupinaPTCruiser.Walkingtotheparty,Istartedtoregretmychoicenottoshave.“Gosh,thispartyisnotgoingtogowell.”Sureenough,onceIgotcloseenoughforthemtoactuallystartmakingoutthefeaturesofmyface,theentirepartybrokeoutinlaughter.IwassoembarrassedthatIwantedtoturnaroundandrunbacktomyBatmobile.Butthenthelaughterkindofchangedintocheeringandapplause.Feelingkindofwarmandfuzzyinside,Iwondered,“Isthiswhatencouragementandsupportfeellike?It’ssonew.”ThenIdecidedtomakeanentranceforthesekids.Iwasstillabout20yardsawayfromthepartywhenIstartedrunning.Mycapewasbillowinginthewind,andmustacheornot,inthatmoment,IwasBatman.Iranintotheparty,andthekidswereallhigh-fivingme.Thedadwassaying,“Itoldyou,son.ItoldyouBatmanhasamustache.”ThenhetookmeovertothishugebirthdaycakewithafrostingBatmandrawnonit,andtheBatmanhasamustache.Ijuststaredatitindisbeliefandlearntthatinsteadofjustadmittingthatthecakewasmessedup,theparentssaid,“Batmanhasamustache.Hejustshavesitforhismovies.”Thatyear,Istruggledalotwithmyidentity;wasIafilmmaker,orwasIaclown?Butthatday,atleast,therewasnodoubtinmymindwhatIwas.Imaynothavebeentheherothattheyordered,andIcertainlywasnottheherotheyexpected.Butthatday,Iwastheherothattheyneeded.24.Whydid“I”keepmymustache?A.Istruggledalotforbeingafilmmaker.B.IwantedtobeaBatmaninabirthdayparty.C.Iknewthataclownshouldwearamustache.D.Ihadn’twantedtochangemyappearanceforthejob.25.Howdid“I”entertheparty?A.Iranfast. B.Ihigh-fived.C.Idrovethecar. D.Iwalkedslowly.26.Howdid“I”feelattheendoftheparty?A.Satisfied. B.Astonished.C.Disappointed. D.Ashamed.【答案】24.D25.A26.A【解析】【詳解】本文是一篇記敘文。作者是一名在生日聚會上表演的小丑。有一次，作者需要扮演成蝙蝠俠，他卻決定以不刮胡子的形象示眾。1細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Iknowaclownwithamustacheisahugeredflagforparents.ButIhadn’twantedtoaltermyphysicalappearanceforthatjob,becausethatwouldhavebeenmesubconsciouslyadmittingIwasmoreofaclownthananartist.(我知道有胡子的小丑對于父母來說是一種鼓舞。但我不想為了扮演蝙蝠俠而改變我的外形，因為那對我來說就是承認與其說我是藝術(shù)家，倒不如說是我是小丑)”可知，作者保留了胡子，因為他不想為了這份工作而改變自己的外貌。故選D。2細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Iranintotheparty,andthekidswereallhigh-fivingme.(我跑進派對，孩子們都跟我擊掌)”可知，作者跑著進入派對。故選A。3推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段最后一句“Butthatday,Iwastheherothattheyneeded.(但是那天，我是他們需要的英雄)”可推知，作者對自己的表現(xiàn)是滿意的。A.Aatisfied.滿意的；B.Astonished.吃驚的；C.Disappointed.失望的；D.ashamed.可恥的。故選A。CWhilemanypeoplearen’tgettingenoughcalcium(鈣),newresearchcautionsthatsomepeoplemayhavetheoppositeproblem:theycouldbegettingtoomuch.Americansspendmorethan$1billionayearoncalciumsupplementsinhopesofdelayingosteoporosis,akindofbonediseasethatdisablesmanyelderlywomenandsomemen.Yetrecentstudieslinkcalciumsupplementstoahigherriskofheartattacks.Lastmonth,theU.S.PreventiveServicesTaskForceissuedadraftrecommendationagainsttakingcalciumandvitaminD，sayingtherewasn’tenoughevidenceofbenefittojustifytherisk.ForgenerationsofAmericanswhogrewupencouragedtodrinkmilktomaintainstrongbones,thereportsraisedtroublingquestions:Iscalciumnotsoimportantafterall?Arethesupplementsunsafe?Andhowmuchistoomuch?“It’sgottenveryconfusingbutitdoesn’tneedtobe,”saysEthelSiris,directoroftheToniStabileOsteoporosisCenterinNewYork.Howmuchcalciumpeopleneedvariesbyageandgender.“Adultsgenerallyneed1,000mgdaily,risingto1,200mgforwomenover50andmenover70,accordingtoguidelinesissuedin2010.Childrenneed1,300mgdailyduringthepeakgrowingyearsof9to18.”PeoplealsoneedsufficientlevelsofvitaminDtoabsorbthecalcium.TheIOMrecommends600internationalunitsadayformostadults,and800dailyafterage70，althoughmanyphysiciansrecommendmore.ItisdifficulttotakeinthatmuchvitaminDfromfoodsources,soexpertssaymanypeopleshouldtakevitaminDinsupplementform.Gettingadequatecalciumfromfoodiseasier.Forexample,8ouncesofmilkor6ouncesofyogurthas300mgofcalcium,andonecupofspinachhas270mg.Butstudieslinkingcalciumsupplementstoheartattackhavemadeexpertsmorecautiousofexcesscalciumthanbefore.Astudyof24,000GermanspublishedinthejournalHeartlastmonth,foundthatthosewhogottheircalciumexclusivelyfromsupplementsweremorethantwiceaslikelytohaveaheartattackasthosewhotooknosupplements.Exactlyhowcalciumsupplementsmightcontributetoheartattacksbafflesexperts.“Nobodyhasassociatedthecalciuminyourbloodstreamwithcalcification(鈣化)inyourarteries(動脈),”saysNiecaGoldberg,medicaldirectoroftheJoanH.TischCenter.Still,shesaysshenowurgespatientsgettheirrecommendedcalciumfromfoodratherthanfromsupplementstoavoidpossibleproblems.Osteoporosisexpertsalsourgepatientsnottotakemorethantherecommendedamountofcalcium.“Peopleshoulddefinitelystoptakingtwobigcalciumsupplementsaday,”saysDr.Dawson-Hughes.Eveniftherisksremainunclear,takingmorethanthebodycanabsorbdoesn’tbenefitbones,”soit’snotworthanyrisk.”Sheadds.27.Accordingtothenewstudies,whatmightbetheresultoftakingmuchcalcium?A.Delayingaging. B.Buildingmuscles.C.Causingheartproblems. D.Curingbonediseases.28.WhatisEthelSiris’opinionontakingcalciumsupplements?A.Takingcalciumsupplementsisunsafe.B.Adultsneedmorecalciumthanchildren.C.Itismuchsafertotakecalciumfromfood.D.Ageandgenderdeterminetheamountofcalciumtaken.29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“baffle”inParagraph6mean?A.Interest. B.Puzzle.C.Amaze. D.Frighten.30.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A.Itishelpfultotaketwocalciumsupplementsaday.B.Itisimportanttomaintainstrongbonesforwomen.C.Itisunnecessarytotaketoomuchcalciumsupplement.D.ItisbesttotakecalciumandvitaminDfromsupplement.【答案】27.C28.D29.B30.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹大多數(shù)人喜歡從保健品上過多的攝取鈣，以為對身體有好處，實際上相關(guān)研究證明這樣做沒有好處，反而可能有害處?！?7題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Yetrecentstudieslinkcalciumsupplementstoahigherriskofheartattacks.(最近的研究表明額外補鈣與較高的心臟病風險有聯(lián)系)”可知，攝入過多的鈣可能會導(dǎo)致心臟病。故選C項?！?8題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Howmuchcalciumpeopleneedvariesbyageandgender.(人們所需鈣的攝入量因年齡和性別不同而有所不同)”可知，EthelSiris認為性別和年齡是決定每個人所需鈣的攝入量的決定因素。故選D項?！?9題詳解】詞句猜測題。第六段“‘Nobodyhasassociatedthecalciuminyourbloodstreamwithcalcificationinyourarteries,’saysNiecaGoldberg,medicaldirectoroftheJoanH.TischCenter.Still,shesaysshenowurgespatientsgettheirrecommendedcalciumfromfoodthanfromsupplementstoavoidpossibleproblems.(JoanH.Tisch中心的主任醫(yī)師NiecaGoldberg認為雖然還沒有人將血液中的鈣和人體動脈的鈣化聯(lián)系在一起，她還是勸她的病人從食物中攝取鈣，而不是從保健品上攝取，以防可能出現(xiàn)的問題)”可知，她雖然不確定血液中鈣的含量對心血管疾病有害，但也不敢下定論說完全沒有害。故可推斷，這個問題讓心臟病專家也感到困惑。由此推知動詞“baffle”意思為“使困惑”，與“puzzle”同義。故選B項。30題詳解】推理判斷題。最后一段“Eveniftherisksremainunclear,takingmorethanthebodycanabsorbdoesn'tbenefitbones(雖然風險還不確定，攝取比身體能夠吸收的量還要多的鈣對骨頭沒什么益處)”可推知，攝入過量即使沒有危害，也是沒什么必要的。故選C項。DNeurotech—new,potentiallyrevolutionarytechnology—promisestotransformourlives.Withalltheglobalchallengesoftoday,weneedrevolutionarytechnologytohelptheworldcope.Therearedifferenttypesofneurotech—someisinvasive,someisn’t.Invasivebrain-computerinterfacesinvolveplacingmicroelectrodesorotherkindsofneurotechmaterialsdirectlyontothebrainorevenembeddingthemintotheneuraltissue.Suchtechnologyhasalreadyimprovedthequalityoflifeandabilitiesofpeoplewithdifferentillnessesorimpairments,fromepilepsytoParkinson’sDiseasetochronicpain.Thereisalsononinvasive

neurotechthatcanbeusedforsimilarapplications.Forexample,researchershavedevelopedwearablestoinferaperson’sintendedspeechormovement.Thesearealreadyquiteimpressive,butthereisalsoneurotechthatreallypushestheenvelope.Notonlycanitsenseorreadneurodatabutitcanalsomodulate—invasivelyandnoninvasively.Thisresearchisstillinearlystages,butit’sadvancingrapidly.Asneurotechbecomesmorecommonplace,wemustconsidertherisksitmightpresent,themoralsaroundit,andthenecessaryregulation.Wehavetoanticipateanddealwiththeimplicationsrelatedtothedevelopmentanduseofthistechnology.Anyneurotechapplicationsshouldconsiderpotentialconsequencesfortheautonomy,privacy,responsibility,consent,integrityanddignityofaperson.Whatifsomeoneweretofaceemploymentdiscriminationbecausethealgorithms（算法）thatpoweraneurotechapplicationusedforhiringmisinterprethisorherneurodata?Whatifacriminalgetsaholdofthepreviousorcurrentneurodataofthesecretaryofdefenseandstealstopsecretinformation?Concernsincreasewhenwearenotjustmonitoringsomeone’sneurodatabutalsointerpretingit,decodingtheperson’sthoughts—withimplicationsforaccuracyandmentalprivacy.Onetrickyaspectisthatmostoftheneurodatageneratedbythenervoussystemsisunconscious.Itmeansitisverypossibletounknowinglyorunintentionallyprovideneurotechwithinformationthatoneotherwisewouldn’t.So,insomeapplicationsofneurotech,thepresumptionofprivacywithinone’sownmindmaysimplynolongerbeacertainty.Asnew,emergingtechnology,neurotechchallengescorporations,researchersandindividualstoreaffirmourcommitmenttoresponsibleinnovation,it’sessentialtoenforceguardrailssothattheyleadtobeneficiallong-termoutcomes—oncompany,nationalandinternationallevels.Weneedtoensurethatresearchersandmanufacturersofneurotechaswellaspolicymakersandconsumersapproachitresponsibly.Let’sactnowtoavoidanyfuturerisksasneurotechmatures—forthebenefitofhumanity.31.Thefirsttwoparagraphsmainly________.A.statethequalityofneurotech B.stressthenecessityofneurotechC.comparethefunctionsofneurotech D.presentthetechnologyofneurotech32.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Noninvasiveneurotechismuchbetterthaninvasiveone.B.Messageswithinone’smindcanbesaferwithneurotech.C.Itbringsmoreriskstoprivacytohaveneurodataanyalyzed.D.Properruleshavealreadybeenmadetodealwithneurodata.33.Accordingtothepassage,companies,policymakersandconsumersshould________.A.interpretallneurodatatoimproveaccuracyB.useneurotechnologyinaresponsiblewayC.helpdevelopmorenoninvasiveapplicationsD.avoidneurotechforthebenefitofmankind34.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.NeurotechHasLong-termBenefitsB.NeurotechMeetMoralChallengesC.NeurotechTransformHumanlivesD.NeurotechBecomeCommonplace【答案】31.D32.C33.B34.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了神經(jīng)技術(shù)的定義和它面臨的道德挑戰(zhàn)。【31題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Neurotech—new,potentiallyrevolutionarytechnology—promisestotransformourlives.（神經(jīng)科技——一項潛在革命性的新技術(shù)——承諾改變我們的生活。）”以及第二段“Therearedifferenttypesofneurotech—someisinvasive,someisn’t.（有不同類型的神經(jīng)科技——有些是侵入性的，有些不是。）”可知，前兩段主要介紹了神經(jīng)技術(shù)。故選D?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Anyneurotechapplicationsshouldconsiderpotentialconsequencesfortheautonomy,privacy,responsibility,consent,integrityanddignityofaperson.（任何神經(jīng)技術(shù)應(yīng)用都應(yīng)該考慮對個人的自主性、隱私、責任、同意、正直和尊嚴的潛在后果。）”可知，對神經(jīng)數(shù)據(jù)進行分析會給隱私帶來更多風險。故選C。【33題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Weneedtoensurethatresearchersandmanufacturersofneurotechaswellaspolicymakersandconsumersapproachitresponsibly.（我們需要確保神經(jīng)科技的研究人員和制造商，以及政策制定者和消費者負責任地對待它。）”可知，公司、政策制定者和消費者應(yīng)該以負責任的方式使用神經(jīng)技術(shù)。故選B?！?4題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段“Asneurotechbecomesmorecommonplace,wemustconsidertherisksitmightpresent,themoralsaroundit,andthenecessaryregulation.（隨著神經(jīng)科技變得越來越普遍，我們必須考慮它可能帶來的風險、圍繞它的道德以及必要的監(jiān)管。）”以及下文都在講述神經(jīng)科技保證消費者的精神隱私的問題，可知，本文主要介紹的是神經(jīng)科技面臨道德挑戰(zhàn)的主題。故選B。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Canyoumove11minutesaday?You’lllivelongerifyoudoThereisnodenyingthat2020hasreducedactivitylevels.BetweentheZoommeetings,Netflixbingesandvirtualcocktailhours,increasedsittingisapandemic-drivenrealityformany.____35____Butthereisgoodnews!Despiteallthatsedentarytime,withaslittleas11minutesofmovementaday,youcanincreaseyourlifespan,a

recentstudy

hasfound.____36____It'strue;paststudies,includingapopular

study

from2016,hadoriginallyputthedailyexercisetargetat60to75minutesformortalitybenefits.However,thatstudywasbasedonself-reporteddata,whichthislateststudy,publishedintheBritishJournalofSportsMedicine,foundtobeflawedduetopeoplemisrememberingtheiractualactivitylevels.Takingamoreobjectiveapproach,scientistsattheNorwegianSchoolofSportsMedicinebasedtheirresearchontheuseofactivitymonitorstotrackexerciseversussedentarytime.Theresultsshowedthatparticipantswhoexercised35minutesperdaysawthebiggeststatisticaldifferenceonlifespan.Yetjust11minutesofmoderateexercise—equivalenttoabriskwalk—stillhadanoticeablepositiveimpact.____37____Hereisawaytoconsider—4setsofa3-minutebody-weightexercisesequence.Dependingontheexercisesyouuse,youmaygoataslightlydifferentpaceduringeachround,makingitabout11minutes.Whenselectingyourexercises,trytopickasequenceofmovementsthatwillequatetoafull-bodyworkoutofmoderateeffort.____38____Ideally,doacombo,determiningthenumberofrepetitionsforeachexercisebasedonyourfitnesslevelandmaintainingathree-minutesequenceforthetimeframe.Seehoweasyitistofitin11minutesofdailyexercise?Youcandoit.____39____Althoughnoonecangiveyouado-overof2020,youcanmakeupforlosttimebyaddingalittlemoretoyourlifespan.A.Infact,youoweittoyourselfaftergettingthroughthispastyear.B.Andstudieshaverevealedthegreat

healthrisks

ofprolongedsitting.C.Thesimplestwayiswithawalkoutsideoronthetreadmillatyourlocalgym.D.Alowerbarriermakesiteasiertogeteventhemostinactiveamongusmoving.E.Youmightwonderaboutthehour-per-daymeasurementyou'vebeenhearingaboutforyears.F.What'smore,bothtimeframeswerepositivelyimpactful,regardlessoftheamountofsitting.G.Avoiddoingonlyupper-bodymovementsunlessyoudolower-bodymovementsthenextday.【答案】35.B36.E37.F38.G39.A【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了疫情導(dǎo)致了人們久坐，從而危害健康，主要就每天鍛煉11分鐘可以延長壽命的研究展開了說明?！?5題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Thereisnodenyingthat2020hasreducedactivitylevels.BetweentheZoommeetings,Netflixbingesandvirtualcocktailhours,increasedsittingisapandemic-drivenrealityformany.(不可否認，2020年的活動水平有所下降。對許多人來說，在Zoom會議、Netflix狂歡和虛擬雞尾酒時間之間，久坐是一個受流行病驅(qū)動的現(xiàn)實)”可知，上文提到疫情導(dǎo)致了人們久坐，可知本句應(yīng)當承接上文說明久坐對人們的影響，故B選項“研究表明長時間坐著對健康有很大的危害”符合語境，故選B?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Butthereisgoodnews!Despiteallthatsedentarytime,withaslittleas11minutesofmovementaday,youcanincreaseyourlifespan,arecentstudyhasfound.(但也有好消息！最近的一項研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，盡管久坐不動，每天只需運動11分鐘，你仍然可以延長壽命)”以及后文“It'strue;paststudies,includingapopularstudyfrom2016,hadoriginallyputthedailyexercisetargetat60to75minutesformortalitybenefits.(這是真的；過去的研究，包括2016年的一項流行研究，最初把每天鍛煉的目標定為60至75分鐘，以降低死亡率)”可知，上文提到了每天運動很短時間仍然可以延長壽命，后文則提到了每天鍛煉一小時可以降低死亡率，故E選項“你可能想知道你已經(jīng)聽了很多年的每天一小時的運動”符合語境，故選E?！?7題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Takingamoreobjectiveapproach,scientistsattheNorwegianSchoolofSportsMedicinebasedtheirresearchontheuseofactivitymonitorstotrackexerciseversussedentarytime.Theresultsshowedthatparticipantswhoexercised35minutesperdaysawthebiggeststatisticaldifferenceonlifespan.Yetjust11minutesofmoderateexercise—equivalenttoabriskwalk—stillhadanoticeablepositiveimpact.(挪威運動醫(yī)學(xué)院的科學(xué)家采取了更客觀的方法，他們的研究基于使用活動監(jiān)測器來跟蹤鍛煉和久坐時間。結(jié)果顯示，每天鍛煉35分鐘的參與者在壽命方面的統(tǒng)計差異最大。然而，僅僅11分鐘的適度鍛煉——相當于快走——仍然有顯著的積極影響)”可知，上文提到了每天鍛煉35和11分鐘兩個時間段，本句為本段最后一句，應(yīng)承接上文說明這兩個時間段的作用。故F選項“更重要的是，無論坐的時間長短，這兩個時間段都具有積極的影響”符合語境，故選F。【38題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Hereisawaytoconsider—4setsofa3-minutebody-weightexercisesequence.Dependingontheexercisesyouuse,youmaygoataslightlydifferentpaceduringeachround,makingitabout11minutes.Whenselectingyo