5.1施工前準備工作5.1PreparationsBeforeConstruc

5.1施工前準備工作

5.1Preparations

BeforeConstruction主講老師：班志鵬

Lecturer:BanZhipeng5.1施工前準備工作PreparationsBeforeConstruction現(xiàn)場施工人員準備Preparationofon-siteconstructionpersonnel裝配式混凝土施工現(xiàn)場常規(guī)作業(yè)人員大幅度減少，但新增了吊裝作業(yè)人員、灌漿工等，測量放線人員的作業(yè)內(nèi)容也有所變化。所配備的人員應(yīng)具備裝配式建筑施工崗位的基本知識和技能。Fortheprefabricatedconcreteconstruction,thenumberofregularoperatorsaregreatlyreduced,buthoistingoperatorsandgroutingworkersarerequired,andtheworkcontentsofsurveyingandsetting-outpersonnelarechanged.Allpersonnelprovidedshallhavebasicknowledgeandskillsrequiredforprefabricatedbuildingconstructionposts.圖5-1裝配式建筑現(xiàn)場施工人員

Figure5-1On-sitePersonnelforPrefabricatedBuildingConstructionSitesupervisorDedicatedinspectorGroutingworkerGroutingworkerGroutingworkerPhotographer現(xiàn)場施工道路和場地布置Siteconstructionroadsandsitelayout施工現(xiàn)場現(xiàn)場道路應(yīng)路面平整，滿足大型車輛的轉(zhuǎn)彎半徑的要求和荷載要求；有條件的施工現(xiàn)場應(yīng)設(shè)一出一進兩個門。Thesiteconstructionroadsshallbeflatandmeettherequirementsforturningradiusandloadsoflargevehicles.Ifconditionspermit,twogatesshallbeprovidedfortheconstructionsite,oneastheentranceandtheotheroneastheexit.現(xiàn)場臨時堆放場地，應(yīng)在起重機作業(yè)半徑覆蓋范圍內(nèi)，地面平整、堅實，有良好的排水措施。場地布置應(yīng)考慮構(gòu)件之間的人行通道，方便現(xiàn)場人員作業(yè)，道路寬度不宜小于600mm。Thetemporarystorageyardonsiteshallbelocatedwithinthecoverageofthecraneoperatingradius,withflatandsolidgroundandgooddrainagemeasures.Forsitelayout,pedestrianpassagewaysbetweencomponentsshallbereservedfortheoperationconvenienceofon-sitepersonnel,andthewidthshouldnotbelessthan600mm.圖5-2裝配式建筑現(xiàn)場布置

Figure5-2LayoutofPrefabricatedBuildingConstructionSite圖5-3構(gòu)件堆場

Figure5-3ComponentStorageYard5.1施工前準備工作PreparationsBeforeConstruction起重機械設(shè)備和吊具準備Preparationofcranesandhoistingtools選擇吊裝主體結(jié)構(gòu)預(yù)制構(gòu)件的起重機械時，應(yīng)注意以下事項：Pleasepayattentiontothefollowingswhenselectingcranesforhoistingprefabricatedcomponentsofthemainstructure:（1）起重量；

(1)Hoistingcapacity;（2）作業(yè)半徑；(2)Operatingradius;（3）力矩應(yīng)滿足最大預(yù)制構(gòu)件組裝作業(yè)要求；(3)Themomentshallmeettherequirementsfortheassemblyofthemaximumprefabricatedcomponent;（4）最大起重量不宜低于10t；

(4)Themaximumhoistingcapacityshouldnotbelessthan10t;（5）提升或下降速度應(yīng)滿足預(yù)制構(gòu)件安裝和調(diào)整的要求；(5)Thelifting/loweringspeedshallmeettherequirementsfortheinstallationandadjustmentofprefabricatedcomponents;（6）塔吊應(yīng)具有安裝和拆卸空間。(6)Thereshallbespacefortheinstallationanddisassemblyofthetowercrane.5.1施工前準備工作PreparationsBeforeConstruction起重機械設(shè)備和吊具準備Preparationofcranesandhoistingtools根據(jù)預(yù)制構(gòu)件的運輸路徑和起重機施工空間等要素，決定采用移動式起重機還是固定式的塔式起重機。Theselectionofcranetype(mobilecraneorfixedtowercrane)shoulddependonthetransportationpathofprefabricatedcomponentsandtheconstructionspaceofthecrane.圖5-4履帶吊

Figure5-4CrawlerCrane圖5-5汽車吊

Figure5-5TruckCrane圖5-6塔吊

Figure5-6TowerCrane5.1施工前準備工作PreparationsBeforeConstruction預(yù)制混凝土構(gòu)件常用到的吊具主要有起吊扁擔、專用吊件等，吊具的選擇必須保證構(gòu)件不變形，不損壞，起吊后不轉(zhuǎn)動、不傾斜、不翻倒。Hoistingtoolsgenerallyusedforhoistingtheprefabricatedconcretecomponentsmainlyincludecarryingpoles,specialhangers,etc.Hoistingtoolsshallbeproperlyselectedtoensurethatthecomponentwillnotdeformorgetdamaged,andwillnotrotate,tiltorturnoverafterbeinghoisted.圖5-7起吊扁擔

Figure5-7CarryingPole圖5-8吊裝框架

Figure5-8HoistingFrame圖5-9吊具

Figure5-9HoistingTools5.1施工前準備工作PreparationsBeforeConstruction起重機械設(shè)備和吊具準備Preparationofcranesandhoistingtools施工組織準備Preparationforconstructionorganization施工組織設(shè)計除了普通現(xiàn)澆混凝土該有的內(nèi)容外，應(yīng)根據(jù)工程總工期，確定裝配式建筑的施工進度、質(zhì)量、安全及成本目標；需要明確的結(jié)構(gòu)吊裝施工和支撐體系施工方案，確定預(yù)制構(gòu)件的施工銜接原則和順序；在編制施工方案時，應(yīng)考慮與傳統(tǒng)現(xiàn)澆混凝土施工之間的作業(yè)交叉，盡可能做到兩種施工工藝之間的相互協(xié)調(diào)與匹配。Inadditiontothenecessarycontentsofordinarycast-in-situconcrete,theconstructionorganizationdesignshalldeterminetheprogress,quality,safetyandcostobjectivesofprefabricatedbuildingconstructionaccordingtothetotalconstructionperiodoftheproject;clarifytheconstructionschemesofstructurehoistingandsupportsystems;anddeterminetheconstructionlinkingprincipleandsequenceofprefabricatedcomponents.Whenpreparingtheconstructionscheme,thecrossoperationwithtraditionalcast-in-situconcreteconstructionshallbeconsidered,andthecoordinationandmatchingbetweenthetwoconstructionprocessesshallbeensuredasfaraspossible.圖5-10施工進度圖

Figure5-10ConstructionSchedule圖5-11施工工藝模擬

Figure5-11ConstructionProcessSimulation5.1施工前準備工作PreparationsBeforeConstructionMasterScheduleforSteelStructureHousingGroupProject

inJiuliResettlementArea(EastZone2)inFuyangCity施工安全技術(shù)交底Disclosureofconstructionsafetytechnologies裝配式混凝土建筑施工安全風(fēng)險源有：吊裝構(gòu)件大、重；高空作業(yè)頻繁；臨時構(gòu)件固定、校正；吊裝技術(shù)要求高等。參與作業(yè)的所有人員應(yīng)進行系統(tǒng)、全面的安全培訓(xùn)。作業(yè)各個環(huán)節(jié)都應(yīng)編制安全操作規(guī)程，在施工前應(yīng)進行書面安全技術(shù)交底。Safetyrisksofprefabricatedconcretebuildingconstructionmainlycomefrom:hoistingoflargeandheavycomponents;frequentlyworkingatheights;fixingandcorrectionoftemporarycomponents;highrequirementsforhoistingskills.Alloperationpersonnelshallreceivethesystematicandcomprehensivesafetytraining.Safetyoperationproceduresshallbepreparedfor