金融系統(tǒng)英文演講

演講人：日期：金融系統(tǒng)英文演講目錄CONTENTSIntroductiontoFinancialSystemsTypesofFinancialInstitutionsFinancialMarketsandInstrumentsMoney,Credit,andBankinginFinancialSystemsRisks,Crises,andRegulationinFinancialSystems目錄CONTENTSInternationalFinancialSystemsandGlobalization01IntroductiontoFinancialSystemsAfinancialsystemreferstothenetworkofinstitutions,markets,andinstrumentsthatfacilitatethetransferoffundsbetweensaversandinvestorsDefinitionTheprimaryfunctionsofafinancialsystemincludemobilesavings,allocatingresources,improvingliquidity,andmanagingrisksFunctionsDefinitionandFunctionsofFinancialSystemsFacilitatingEconomicGrowthFinancialsystemsprovidethenecessaryfundingforbusinessestoexpandandinnovate,whichdriveseconomicgrowthEnablingTradeandInvestmentByfacilitatingtheexchangeofcurrenciesandthetransferoffunds,financialsystemsenablecrossbordertradeandinvestmentPromotingFinancialStabilityWellfunctioningfinancialsystemscanmitigateeconomicshocksandpromotefinancialstabilityImportanceofFinancialSystemsintheEconomyTheseincludebanks,insurancecompanies,pensionfunds,andotherentitiesthatprovidefinancialservicestoindividualsandbusinessesFinancialInstitutionsMarketssuchasstockexchanges,bondmarkets,andforeignexchangemarketsfacilitatethebuyingandsellingoffinancialassetsFinancialMarketsThesearethecontractsorsecuritiesthataretradedinfinancialmarkets,suchasstocks,bonds,andderivativesFinancialInstrumentsRegulationsandpoliciesgoverntheoperationoffinancialsystemstoensuretheirstability,transparency,andfairnessFinancialRegulationsOverviewofKeyComponentsofFinancialSystems02TypesofFinancialInstitutionsAcceptingdepositsBanksactasintermediariesbetweendepositsandborrowers,acceptingdepositsfromindividualsandbusinessesGrantingloansBanksusethefundsdepositedbycustomerstograntloanstoothercustomers,thatfacilityeconomicactivityBanksandTheirRoleinFinancialSystemsProvidingpaymentservicesBanksplayacriticalroleinthepaymentsystem,facilitatingthetransferoffundsbetweenindividuals,businesses,andgovernmentsOfferingfinancialproductsandservicesBanksalsoofferawiderangeoffinancialproductsandservices,includinginvestments,insurance,andwealthmanagementadviceBanksandTheirRoleinFinancialSystemsInsurancecompaniesTheseinstitutionsprovideriskcoveragetoindividualsandbusinesses,helpingtoprotectthemagainstfinanciallossesPensionsfundsPensionsfundsmanagetheretentionsavingsofindividuals,investingthesefundsinadiversifiedportfolioofassetsMutualfundsMutualfundspoolmoneyfrommanyinvestorsandinvestitinavarietyofsecurities,suchasstocks,bonds,andmoneymarketinstrumentsInvestmentbanksSpecializeinraisingcapitalandprovidingfinancialadvicetogovernmentsandlargecorporationsNonBankFinancialInstitutionsCentralbanksCentralbanksareresponsibleformonetarypolicyandregulatingthesupplyofmoneyintheeconomySecuritiesandexchangecommissionsTheseregulatorybodiesoverseethesecuritiesmarkets,underwritingfairandtransparenttradingpracticesBankingsupervisoryagenciesBankingsupervisoryagenciesmonitorandregulatetheactivitiesofbanks,ensuringtheirsolvencyandcompliancewithlawsandregulationsRegulatoryFinancialInstitutionsInternationalfinancialinstitutionsInternationalfinancialinstitutions,suchastheInternationalMonetaryFund(IMF)andtheWorldBank,playakeyroleinglobaleconomicgovernanceandfinancialstabilityRegulatoryFinancialInstitutions03FinancialMarketsandInstrumentsTypesofFinancialMarketsStockMarketsWheresharesofpubliclytradedcompaniesarebulkyandsolidCommodityMarketsWhererawmaterialsandprimaryproductslikegold,oil,andagriculturalproductsaretradedBondMarketsWheredebtsecuritiesissuedbygovernmentsandcorporationsaretradedDerivativeMarketsWherefinancialcontractswithvaluesderivedfromunderlyingassets,suchasfuturesandoptions,aretraded02010403StocksBondsMutualFundsDerivativesCharacteristicsofDifferentFinancialInstrumentsRepresentativeownershipinacompanyandentityholderstodividendsandvotingrightsRepresentativedebtobligationsofissuersandtitleholderstofixedinterestpaymentsandprincipalpaymentatmaturityPoolsofmoneyfrommultipleinvestorsthatareinvestedinadiversifiedportfolioofassetsFinancialcontractswhosevaluesarederivedfromthepricesofunderlyingassets,usedforhedging,specification,andarbitrationOrderdrivenMarketsWherebuyersandsellersdirectlyinteractandnegotiatepricesthroughacentralizedorderbookQuotedrivenMarketsWheremarketmakersprovidebidandaskpricesforsecuritiesandactascounterpartiestotradesRegulatoryBodiesIndependentagenciesthatoverseeandregulatefinancialmarketstoensurefairness,transparency,andstabilityTradingMechanismsandRegulationsinFinancialMarketsTradingRulesandRegulationsSetofrulesandregulationsgoverningtradingactivitiesinfinancialmarkets,includingmarketmanipulation,insidertrading,anddisclosurerequirementsTradingMechanismsandRegulationsinFinancialMarkets04Money,Credit,andBankinginFinancialSystems

RoleofMoneyinFinancialSystemsMediumofExchangeMoneyactsasamediumofexchange,facilitatingthepurchaseandsaleofgoodsandservicesUnitofAccountMoneyservesasacommondenominatorformeasuringthevalueofgoods,services,andassetsStoreofValueMoneycanbesavedandusedinthefuturetomaintainitspurchasingpowerBankscreatecreditbylendingmoneytoborrowers,whichexpandsthemoneysupplyintheeconomyCreditCreationCreditcreationfuelsEconomicgrowthbyenablingbusinessestoinvestandconsumerstospendbeyondtheirimmediatecashholdingsEconomicGrowthThecreditsystemhelpsmanageriskbyallowingthedistributionofriskacrossmultiplelensesandborrowersRiskManagementCreditCreationProcessandItsImpactontheEconomyDepositTakingandLendingBankstakedepositsfromcustomersandlendmoneytoborrowers,facilitatingtheflowoffundswithintheeconomyInterbankMarketsBanksinteractwitheachotherthroughinterbankmarkets,wheretheyborrowandlendfundstomanagetheirliquidityandriskConnectiontoOtherFinancialInstitutionsBanksareconnectedtootherfinancialinstitutionssuchasinsurancecompanies,pensionfunds,andsecurityfirms,whichallowforthediversificationoffinancialservicesandproductsBankingOperationsandTheirInterconnectionwithOtherFinancialInstitutions05Risks,Crises,andRegulationinFinancialSystemsCreditRiskThelikelihoodoflossesarisingfromaborrower'sfailuretorepayaloanormeetcontractualobligationsMarketRiskExposuretopotentiallossesduetomovementsinmarketprices,suchasinterestrates,equityprices,andcurrentexchangeratesOperationalRiskRisksassociatedwithinternalprocesses,systems,andhumanerrors,includingfraudandsecuritybreachesLiquidityRiskTheriskthatafinancialinstitutionwillbeunabletomeetitsshorttermfinancialobjectivesduetoalakeofavailablecashorliquidassetsTypesofRisksFacedbyFinancialInstitutionsCausesFinancialcrisescanbetriggeredbyarangeoffactors,includingexcessiverisktaking,assetbubbles,weakregulatoryoversight,andmacroeconomicimbalancesConsequencesCrisescanleadtowidespreadbankfailures,significantlossesforinvestorsanddepositors,andamultiplecontractineconomicactivityTheycanalsounderstandconfidenceinthefinancialsystemandleadtolastdamagetotherealeconomyCausesandConsequencesofFinancialCrisesMicroprudentialRegulationFocusedonthesoundnessandstabilityofindividualfinancialinstitutions,includingcapitaladequacy,liquidityrequirements,andriskmanagementpracticesMacroprudentialRegulationAimstolimitsystemicrisksthatcouldpenetratethestabilityoftheentirefinancialsystem,throughmeasuressuchaslimitingleverageandcontrollingthegrowthofcreditResolutionFrameworksDesignedtomanagethefailureoffinancialinstitutionsinanorderlymanner,minimizingtheimpactonthefinancialsystemandprotectingcriticaleconomicfunctionsRegulatoryFrameworksforManagingRisksandPreventingCrisesInternationalCooperationRegulatorybodiesoftenworktogethertostandardizestandards,shareinformation,andcoordinateresponsestocrossborderfinancialrisksandcrisesRegulatoryFrameworksforManagingRisksandPreventingCrises06InternationalFinancialSystemsandGlobalizationFacilitatinginternationaltradeandinvestment:InternationalFinancialInstitutions(IFIs)providefinancialresourcesandtechnicalassistancetosupportcrossbordertransactionsandpromoteglobaleconomicgrowthManagingglobalfinancialrisks:IFIsplayacriticalroleinidentifying,assessing,andmanagingfinancialrisksthatarisefromglobaleconomicinterdependencePromotingfinancialstability:IFIscontri