《土木工程專業(yè)英語 第2版》 翻譯版 課件 Unit 5 Composite Construction

Unit5CompositeConstructionEnglishforCivilEngineering——Unit5CompositeConstruction5.1Overview（概述）5.1.1CompositeSteel-ConcreteBeam（鋼-混凝土組合梁）5.1.2CompositeSlabs（組合樓板）5.1.3SteelReinforcedConcrete(SRC)（型鋼混凝土）5.1.4ConcreteFilledTube(CFT)Columns（鋼管混凝土）5.2Pre-stressedConcreteCompositeSlabs（預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土組合樓板）5.2.1Introduction（簡介）5.2.2OverviewofPre-stressedConcreteCompositePlate（預(yù)應(yīng)力混凝土組合樓板綜述）5.2.3TheResearchandApplicationofPre-stressedCompositeSlabs（預(yù)應(yīng)力組合樓板的研究及應(yīng)用）5.2.4Conclusion（結(jié)論）In1988,BankofChinaTowerinHongKong(Fig.5-1)wascompleted.ThismagnificentbuildingwasthetallestbuildinginAsiaatthattime.Thebuildingwasconstructedusingcompositesteel-concretestructures,whichisanimportantmilestonesincethedevelopmentofthecompositeconstruction.中銀大廈是組合結(jié)構(gòu)史上的里程碑compositesteel-concretestructures鋼-混凝土組合結(jié)構(gòu)；milestone里程碑5.1OverviewIn1988,BankofChinaTowerinHongKong(Fig.5-1)wascompleted.ThismagnificentbuildingwasthetallestbuildinginAsiaatthattime.Thebuildingwasconstructedusingcompositesteel-concretestructures,(whichisanimportantmilestonesincethedevelopmentofthecompositeconstruction.)1988年，香港的中銀大廈（圖5-1）竣工。這座宏偉的建筑物是當(dāng)時亞洲最高的建筑物。該建筑采用鋼-混凝土組合結(jié)構(gòu)，是組合結(jié)構(gòu)施工史上的一個重要里程碑。5.1OverviewCompositeconstructionisamethodofconstructionthatisusedinavarietyofengineeringandbuildingapplications.Employingdissimilarcomponents,suchasconcreteandsteelorfiberglassandfoam,forasingleuseorstructureiscalledcompositeconstruction.Thegoalisunifyingoftheindividualcomponentpropertiestocreateacompositematerialthatpossessesthedesiredpropertiesofallcomponentpieces.組合結(jié)構(gòu)定義dissimilar不同的；fiberglass玻璃纖維；foam泡沫橡膠；unify統(tǒng)一；possess具有5.1OverviewCompositeconstructionisamethodofconstructionthatisusedinavarietyofengineeringandbuildingapplications.Employingdissimilarcomponents,suchasconcreteandsteelorfiberglassandfoam,forasingleuseorstructureiscalledcompositeconstruction.Thegoalisunifyingoftheindividualcomponentpropertiestocreateacompositematerialthatpossessesthedesiredpropertiesofallcomponentpieces.組合結(jié)構(gòu)施工是一種用于多種工程和建筑的施工方法。將不同的組件，如混凝土和鋼，玻璃纖維和泡沫橡膠，用于單一的用途或結(jié)構(gòu)稱為組合結(jié)構(gòu)。我們的目標(biāo)是統(tǒng)一各個組件的性能，以創(chuàng)造出具有所需屬性的組合材料。5.1OverviewInstructuralengineering,compositeconstructionexistswhentwodifferentmaterialsareboundtogethersostronglythattheyacttogetherasasingleunitfromastructuralpointofview.Whenthisoccurs,itiscalledcompositeaction.Onecommonexampleinvolvessteelbeamssupportingconcretefloorslabs.Ifthebeamisnotconnectedfirmlytotheslab,thentheslabtransfersallofitsweighttothebeamandtheslabcontributesnothingtotheloadcarryingcapabilityofthebeam.However,iftheslabisconnectedpositivelytothebeamwithstuds,thenaportionoftheslabcanbeassumedtoactcompositelywiththebeam.Ineffect,thiscompositecreatesalargerandstrongerbeamthanthesteelbeamalone.Thestructuralengineermaycalculateatransformedsectionasonestepinanalyzingtheloadcarryingcapabilityofthecompositebeam.如何實現(xiàn)組合作用concretefloorslabs混凝土樓板；stud鉚釘；beassumedto假定為；stud鉚釘5.1OverviewInstructuralengineering,compositeconstructionexistswhentwodifferentmaterialsareboundtogethersostronglythattheyacttogetherasasingleunitfromastructuralpointofview.Whenthisoccurs,itiscalledcompositeaction.Onecommonexampleinvolvessteelbeamssupportingconcretefloorslabs.Ifthebeamisnotconnectedfirmlytotheslab,thentheslabtransfersallofitsweighttothebeamandtheslabcontributesnothingtotheloadcarryingcapabilityofthebeam.However,iftheslabisconnectedpositivelytothebeamwithstuds,thenaportionoftheslabcanbeassumedtoactcompositelywiththebeam.Ineffect,thiscompositecreatesalargerandstrongerbeamthanthesteelbeamalone.Thestructuralengineermaycalculateatransformedsectionasonestepinanalyzingtheloadcarryingcapabilityofthecompositebeam.在結(jié)構(gòu)工程中，當(dāng)兩種不同的材料緊密結(jié)合在一起作為一個統(tǒng)一的結(jié)構(gòu)單元共同工作時，就稱為組合結(jié)構(gòu)，這種共同工作的效應(yīng)稱為組合效應(yīng)。一個常見的例子是鋼梁支撐混凝土樓板。如果梁沒有與樓板牢固的連接，那么板將其所有重量轉(zhuǎn)移到梁上，而板對梁的承載能力沒有任何貢獻(xiàn)。然而，如果板與梁用鉚釘牢固的連接，那么該板的一部分可以被假定為與梁共同作用。實際上，這種組合材料會產(chǎn)生比鋼梁更大更強(qiáng)的承載力。結(jié)構(gòu)工程師分析組合梁承載能力時可以采用計算換算截面的方法。5.1OverviewCommonstructuralmembersofcompositeconstructioninclude①Steel-ConcreteCompositeBeams(Steel-ConcreteFloorCompositeStructure),②CompositeSlabs,③SteelReinforcedConcrete:SteelReinforcedBeams,SteelReinforcedColumns,SteelReinforcedWalls,④ConcreteFilledTube.組合結(jié)構(gòu)分類5.1OverviewCommonstructuralmembersofcompositeconstructioninclude①Steel-ConcreteCompositeBeams(Steel-ConcreteFloorCompositeStructure),②CompositeSlabs,③SteelReinforcedConcrete:SteelReinforcedBeams,SteelReinforcedColumns,SteelReinforcedWalls,④ConcreteFilledTube.常用的組合結(jié)構(gòu)包括①鋼-混凝土組合梁（鋼筋混凝土組合樓板），②組合板，③型鋼混凝土：型鋼混凝土梁，型鋼混凝土柱，型鋼混凝土墻，④鋼管混凝土。5.1OverviewCompositesteel-concretebeamismadeupofsteelbeamandslabbyshear

connector.Inthistypeofcompositebeam,concreteandsteelbeamhavejointstressandcompatibilityofdeformation,whichmakefulluseofthecompressivestrengthofconcreteandthetensilestrengthofsteel.Soitremarkablyraisesthestiffnessandstabilityofbeams.鋼-混凝土組合梁的組合形式shear

connector剪力連接鍵；joint共同的5.1.1CompositeSteel-ConcreteBeamCompositesteel-concretebeamismadeupofsteelbeamandslabbyshearconnector.Inthistypeofcompositebeam,concreteandsteelbeamhavejointstressandcompatibilityofdeformation,whichmakefulluseofthecompressivestrengthofconcreteandthetensilestrengthofsteel.Soitremarkablyraisesthestiffnessandstabilityofbeams.鋼-混凝土組合梁是由鋼梁和混凝土樓板采用剪力連接鍵組合而成。在這種組合梁中，混凝土與鋼梁具有共同的應(yīng)力和變形協(xié)調(diào)能力，充分利用混凝土的抗壓強(qiáng)度和鋼梁的抗拉強(qiáng)度，從而顯著提高梁的剛度和穩(wěn)定性。5.1CompositeConstructionCompositesteel-concretebeamshavebeendevelopedveryfastinrecentyears,andmoreandmorewidelyusedasthehorizontalelementscarryingheavyloadsinbuildingsandbridges,obtainingnotableeconomicandsocialbenefits.組合結(jié)構(gòu)定義horizontalelements水平構(gòu)件5.1.1CompositeSteel-ConcreteBeamCompositesteel-concretebeamshavebeendevelopedveryfastinrecentyears,andmoreandmorewidelyusedasthehorizontalelementscarryingheavyloadsinbuildingsandbridges,obtainingnotableeconomicandsocialbenefits.鋼-混凝土組合梁近年來發(fā)展很快，越來越廣泛地應(yīng)用于建筑物和橋梁中承受水平荷載的水平構(gòu)件，取得了顯著的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和社會效益。5.1CompositeConstructionAdvantagesofcompositebeams:1. Theconcreteandsteelisutilizedeffectively.2. Moreeconomicalsteelsectionisusedincompositeconstructionthanconventionalnon-compositeconstructionforthesamespanandloading.3. Depthandweightofsteelbeamrequiredisreduced.So,theconstructiondepthalsoreducesincreasingtheheadroomofthebuilding.組合梁的優(yōu)點utilize利用；conventional傳統(tǒng)的；headroom凈空5.1.1CompositeSteel-ConcreteBeamAdvantagesofcompositebeams:1. Theconcreteandsteelisutilizedeffectively.2. Moreeconomicalsteelsectionisusedincompositeconstructionthanconventionalnon-compositeconstructionforthesamespanandloading.3. Depthandweightofsteelbeamrequiredisreduced.So,theconstructiondepthalsoreducesincreasingtheheadroomofthebuilding.組合梁的優(yōu)點：1、充分利用了混凝土和鋼材的材料特性。2、與傳統(tǒng)的非組合結(jié)構(gòu)相比，在相同的跨度和荷載作用下組合結(jié)構(gòu)能采用更經(jīng)濟(jì)的鋼梁截面。3、減少鋼梁的剛度和重量，因此也增加了建筑物的凈空高度。5.1CompositeConstruction4. Compositebeamshavehigherstiffness,thustheyhavelessdeflectionthansteelbeams.5. Compositebeams(Fig.5-2)cancoverforlargespacewithouttheneedofanyintermediatecolumns.6. Compositeconstructionisfasterbecauseofusingrolledsteelandpre-fabricatedcomponentsthancast-in-situconcrete.7. Encasedsteelbeamhavehigherresistancetofireandcorrosion.組合梁的優(yōu)點intermediatecolumns中柱；rolledsteel軋制鋼；pre-fabricatedcomponents預(yù)制構(gòu)件；cast-in-situconcrete現(xiàn)澆混凝土；encasedsteelbeam內(nèi)置鋼梁；corrosion腐蝕5.1.1CompositeSteel-ConcreteBeam4. Compositebeamshavehigherstiffness,thustheyhavelessdeflectionthansteelbeams.5. Compositebeams(Fig.5-2)cancoverforlargespacewithouttheneedofanyintermediatecolumns.6. Compositeconstructionisfasterbecauseofusingrolledsteelandpre-fabricatedcomponentsthancast-in-situconcrete.7. Encasedsteelbeamhavehigherresistancetofireandcorrosion.4、組合梁具有較高的剛度，撓度比鋼梁小。5、組合梁可以應(yīng)用于大跨度結(jié)構(gòu)中，而不需要設(shè)立多余的中間柱。6、與現(xiàn)澆混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)相比，采用軋制鋼和預(yù)制構(gòu)件的組合結(jié)構(gòu)施工速度更快。7、外包混凝土的鋼梁具有較高的耐火性和耐腐蝕性。5.1CompositeConstructionCompositeslabscommonlyreferstosteeldeckreinforcedcompositeslabs(Fig.5-3)whichareformedbypouringconcreteonthesteelplateofdifferentkindsofconcaveandconvexribsordifferentkindsgrooves.Theyrelyonvariousformsofconcaveandconvexribsorgroovesandthensteelandconcretewillbeconnectedtogether.組合板steeldeck鋼板；concaveandconvexribs凹凸肋；groove凹槽5.1.2CompositeSlabsCompositeslabscommonlyreferstosteeldeckreinforcedcompositeslabs(Fig.5-3)whichareformedbypouringconcreteonthesteelplateofdifferentkindsofconcaveandconvexribsordifferentkindsgrooves.Theyrelyonvariousformsofconcaveandconvexribsorgroovesandthensteelandconcretewillbeconnectedtogether.組合板一般是指在不同凹凸肋或不同凹槽的鋼板上澆注混凝土而形成的鋼筋混凝土疊合板。它依靠各種形式的凹凸肋或溝槽，然后將鋼和混凝土連接在一起。5.1.2CompositeSlabsSteelreinforcedconcrete(Fig.5-4)compositestructures(shortastheSRCcompositestructure)ismadeupofprofilesteel,longitudinalreinforcement,stirrupsandconcrete.Thatisconcretestructurewithprofilesteelinthecoreofstructurecomponentsandwithstirrupsandappropriate

verticalreinforcementoutofstructurecomponents.Itisdividedintotwotypesofstructure:allstructurecomponentsaresteelreinforcedconcretecompositestructuresandpartofstructurecomponentsaresteelreinforcedconcretecompositestructures.型鋼—鋼筋混凝土組合結(jié)構(gòu)的組成成分profilesteel型鋼；longitudinalreinforcement縱向鋼筋；stirrup箍筋；appropriate適量的；verticalreinforcement豎向鋼筋（應(yīng)為縱向鋼筋）；5.1.3SteelReinforcedConcrete(SRC)Steelreinforcedconcrete(Fig.5-4)compositestructures(shortastheSRCcompositestructure)ismadeupofprofilesteel,longitudinalreinforcement,stirrupsandconcrete.Thatisconcretestructurewithprofilesteelinthecoreofstructurecomponentsandwithstirrupsandappropriateverticalreinforcementoutofstructurecomponents.Itisdividedintotwotypesofstructure:allstructurecomponentsaresteelreinforcedconcretecompositestructuresandpartofstructurecomponentsaresteelreinforcedconcretecompositestructures.型鋼—鋼筋混凝土組合結(jié)構(gòu)（簡稱SRC組合結(jié)構(gòu)）由型鋼、縱筋、箍筋和混凝土組成。這種混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)將型鋼置于結(jié)構(gòu)核心區(qū)，將箍筋和適量的縱向鋼筋布置在結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件的外圍。這種結(jié)構(gòu)分為兩類：所有結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件均為鋼骨混凝土組合結(jié)構(gòu)，部分結(jié)構(gòu)構(gòu)件為鋼骨混凝土組合結(jié)構(gòu)。5.1.3SteelReinforcedConcrete(SRC)Concrete-filledtubecolumnsconsistofasteeltubefilledwithconcrete.Theconcretecoreaddsstiffnessandcompressivestrengthtothetubularcolumnandreducesthepotentialforinwardlocalbuckling.Conversely,thesteeltubeactsaslongitudinalandlateralreinforcementfortheconcretecorehelpingittoresisttension,bendingmomentandshearandprovidingconfinementfortheconcrete.鋼管混凝土柱的組成及優(yōu)點inwardlocalbuckling向內(nèi)的局部屈曲；lateralreinforcement側(cè)向支承；confinement約束5.1.4ConcreteFilledTube(CFT)ColumnsConcrete-filledtubecolumnsconsistofasteeltubefilledwithconcrete.Theconcretecoreaddsstiffnessandcompressivestrengthtothetubularcolumnandreducesthepotentialforinwardlocalbuckling.Conversely,thesteeltubeactsaslongitudinalandlateralreinforcementfortheconcretecorehelpingittoresisttension,bendingmomentandshearandprovidingconfinementfortheconcrete.鋼管混凝土柱是在鋼管中填充混凝土?；炷梁诵膮^(qū)增加了鋼管柱的剛度和抗壓強(qiáng)度，并減小了向內(nèi)局部屈曲的可能性。相反，鋼管作為混凝土核心的縱向和橫向支承，有助于抵抗拉力、彎矩和剪力，并為混凝土提供約束。5.1.4ConcreteFilledTube(CFT)ColumnsDuetothebenefitofcompositeactionofthetwomaterials,theCFTcolumnsprovideexcellentseismiceventresistantstructuralpropertiessuchashighstrength,highductilityandlargeenergyabsorptioncapacity.Also,circularhollowsectionspossessmanyadvantagesoveropensections,includingaestheticappearanceandeconomyintermsofmaterialcosts.鋼管混凝土柱抗震性能好ductility延性；aestheticappearance美觀5.1.4ConcreteFilledTube(CFT)ColumnsDuetothebenefitofcompositeactionofthetwomaterials,theCFTcolumnsprovideexcellentseismiceventresistantstructuralpropertiessuchashighstrength,highductilityandlargeenergyabsorptioncapacity.Also,circularhollowsectionspossessmanyadvantagesoveropensections,includingaestheticappearanceandeconomyintermsofmaterialcosts.由于兩種材料的組合作用，鋼管混凝土柱具有良好的抗震性能，如高強(qiáng)度、高延性和大的耗能能力。此外，圓形空心截面比開口截面具有更多優(yōu)點，例如美觀和節(jié)省材料成本。5.1.4ConcreteFilledTube(CFT)ColumnsDuetothecomplexityofconnectionsbetweensteelbeamsandcircularhollowsections,theiruseinstructuralsteelworkislimited.Thisisbecausetheuseofstandardboltingisnotfeasibleandcostlyunpopularweldedconnectionsarethenormalsolutions.Concrete-filledsteeltube(CFT)columnscombinetheadvantagesofductility,generallyassociatedwithsteelstructures,withthestiffnessofaconcretestructuralsystem.鋼管混凝土柱同時具有鋼結(jié)構(gòu)和混凝土兩種材料的優(yōu)點，不過不能使用常規(guī)螺栓進(jìn)行連接feasible可行的5.1.4ConcreteFilledTube(CFT)ColumnsDuetothecomplexityofconnectionsbetweensteelbeamsandcircularhollowsections,theiruseinstructuralsteelworkislimited.Thisisbecausetheuseofstandardboltingisnotfeasibleandcostlyunpopularweldedconnectionsarethenormalsolutions.Concrete-filledsteeltube(CFT)columnscombinetheadvantagesofductility,generallyassociatedwithsteelstructures,withthestiffnessofaconcretestructuralsystem.由于鋼梁與圓形空心截面連接的復(fù)雜性，其在鋼結(jié)構(gòu)中的應(yīng)用受到限制。這是因為使用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)螺栓連接復(fù)雜的節(jié)點是不可行的，我們通常使用昂貴的不受歡迎的焊接連接來處理節(jié)點連接問題。鋼管混凝土柱兼具了鋼結(jié)構(gòu)延性的優(yōu)點，也具有混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)體系的剛度。5.1.4ConcreteFilledTube(CFT)ColumnsInallkindsoffloors,concreteslabsoccupythedominantposition.Concreteslabscanbedividedintotwomajorcategories,thecast-in-placeslabandtheprecastslab.Thecast-in-placeslabhasgoodstructuralintegrity,however,itneedson-siteconcretepouringprocedure,largeconcretewetconstruction,instableconstructionquality,morescaffoldingandtemplates,highcostsandlongconstructionperiod.Theprecastslabisproducedinthefactoryandhasadvantagesoflessconcretewetconstruction,stableconstructionquality,lessscaffoldingandtemplates,lowconstructionnoise,reducibleengineeringcostandshortconstructionperiod.Butitsstructural

integrityneedstobeimproved.Therefore,compositeslabswhichcombinetheadvantagesofcast-in-placeslabsandprecastslabsbecomepopular.Itsbottompanelismanufacturedinfactoryandassembledonthespot.Thentheconcreteispouredinplacetoformthecompositeslab.Thisslabisprovidedwithadvantagesofgoodstructuralintegrity,lessscaffoldingandtemplates,shortconstructionperiod,goodeconomicefficiency,soithaspromisingdevelopmentprospects.組合樓板結(jié)合了現(xiàn)澆板和預(yù)制板優(yōu)點dominantposition主導(dǎo)地位；category類別；on-siteconcretepouringprocedure現(xiàn)場混凝土澆筑；scaffolding腳手架；template模板；structuralintegrity結(jié)構(gòu)完整性；bottompanel底板；spot現(xiàn)場5.2.1IntroductionInallkindsoffloors,concreteslabsoccupythedominantposition.Concreteslabscanbedividedintotwomajorcategories,thecast-in-placeslabandtheprecastslab.Thecast-in-placeslabhasgoodstructuralintegrity,however,itneedson-siteconcretepouringprocedure,largeconcretewetconstruction,instableconstructionquality,morescaffoldingandtemplates,highcostsandlongconstructionperiod.Theprecastslabisproducedinthefactoryandhasadvantagesoflessconcretewetconstruction,stableconstructionquality,lessscaffoldingandtemplates,lowconstructionnoise,reducibleengineeringcostandshortconstructionperiod.Butitsstructuralintegrityneedstobeimproved.Therefore,compositeslabswhichcombinetheadvantagesofcast-in-placeslabsandprecastslabsbecomepopular.Itsbottompanelismanufacturedinfactoryandassembledonthespot.Thentheconcreteispouredinplacetoformthecompositeslab.Thisslabisprovidedwithadvantagesofgoodstructuralintegrity,lessscaffoldingandtemplates,shortconstructionperiod,goodeconomicefficiency,soithaspromisingdevelopmentprospects.在各種樓板中，混凝土板占據(jù)主導(dǎo)地位?；炷涟蹇煞譃楝F(xiàn)澆板和預(yù)制板兩大類?，F(xiàn)澆樓板具有良好的結(jié)構(gòu)完整性，但需要現(xiàn)場澆筑混凝土，混凝土濕作業(yè)施工量大，施工質(zhì)量不穩(wěn)定，腳手架和模板較多，造價高，工期長。而預(yù)制板在工廠生產(chǎn)，減少混凝土濕作業(yè)、施工質(zhì)量穩(wěn)定、腳手架模板少、施工噪音低、工程造價低、工期短等優(yōu)點。但其結(jié)構(gòu)完整性有待提高。因此，結(jié)合現(xiàn)澆板和預(yù)制板優(yōu)點的組合板越來越受到人們的歡迎。其底板由工廠制造，現(xiàn)場組裝。然后將混凝土澆注到位，形成組合板。該板結(jié)構(gòu)整體性好，腳手架模板少，施工工期短，經(jīng)濟(jì)效益好，具有廣闊的發(fā)展前景。5.2.1IntroductionThecompositeslabwithpre-stressedbottompanelisthemostwidelyusedcompositeslab.InChina,thepre-stressedthinslabwasproducedupto1957.In1970s,thepre-stressedcompositebeamandslabwasproducedwithcold-drawnlow-carbonsteelwires.In1980s,thestandarddrawingofpre-stressedcompositeslabswascompiled.Nowadays,thecompositeslabhasbeenwidelyusedinthehousingconstruction.Integratedprefabricatedhyperstaticstructureswithcompositecomponents,formedbypre-stressedcompositeslabsandpre-stressedhollowcompositebeams,havebeenappliedintallbuildings.組合板的發(fā)展cold-drawnlow-carbonsteelwires冷拔低碳鋼絲；standarddrawing標(biāo)準(zhǔn)圖冊；compile編制；integratedprefabricatedhyperstaticstructures整體預(yù)制的超靜定結(jié)構(gòu)；pre-stressedhollowcompositebeams預(yù)應(yīng)力空心組合梁5.2.2OverviewofPre-stressedConcreteCompositePlateThecompositeslabwithpre-stressedbottompanelisthemostwidelyusedcompositeslab.InChina,thepre-stressedthinslabwasproducedupto1957.In1970s,thepre-stressedcompositebeamandslabwasproducedwithcold-drawnlow-carbonsteelwires.In1980s,thestandarddrawingofpre-stressedcompositeslabswascompiled.Nowadays,thecompositeslabhasbeenwidelyusedinthehousingconstruction.Integratedprefabricatedhyperstaticstructureswithcompositecomponents,formedbypre-stressedcompositeslabsandpre-stressedhollowcompositebeams,havebeenappliedintallbuildings.預(yù)應(yīng)力底板組合板是應(yīng)用最廣泛的組合樓板。在中國，早在1957年就開始生產(chǎn)預(yù)應(yīng)力薄板。70年代，采用冷拔低碳鋼絲生產(chǎn)預(yù)應(yīng)力疊合梁板。80年代，編制了預(yù)應(yīng)力疊合板的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)圖冊?，F(xiàn)如今，組合樓板在住宅建設(shè)中得到了廣泛的應(yīng)用。由預(yù)應(yīng)力復(fù)合板和預(yù)應(yīng)力空心梁構(gòu)成的整體預(yù)制的超靜定結(jié)構(gòu)已在高層建筑中得到應(yīng)用。5.2.2OverviewofPre-stressedConcreteCompositePlateThebottompanelofcompositeslabsmostlyemploysthefirst-tensionedpre-stressedpanel.Thebottompanelcanalsobeusedaspermanentformworks.Accordingtowhetherornotthebracesaresetunderbottompanels,thecompositeslabcanbesortedintoone-stageloadingcompositeslabandtwo-stageloadingcompositeslab.組合板分類first-tensionedpre-stressedpanel先張拉預(yù)應(yīng)力板；permanentformworks永久性模板；one-stageloadingcompositeslab一階段加載組合板；two-stageloadingcompositeslab兩階段加載組合板5.2.2OverviewofPre-stressedConcreteCompositePlateThebottompanelofcompositeslabsmostlyemploysthefirst-tensionedpre-stressedpanel.Thebottompanelcanalsobeusedaspermanentformworks.Accordingtowhetherornotthebracesaresetunderbottompanels,thecompositeslabcanbesortedintoone-stageloadingcompositeslabandtwo-stageloadingcompositeslab.組合板底板主要采用先張拉預(yù)應(yīng)力板。底部面板也可以作為永久性模板。根據(jù)是否在底板下設(shè)置支撐，組合板可分為一階段加載組合板和兩階段加載組合板。5.2.2OverviewofPre-stressedConcreteCompositePlateTheone-stageloadingcompositeslabhasslenderbottompanel,soitshouldbesupportedbytemporarybracesbeforethebottompanelsareassembled.Thepost-pouredconcretelayerandbottompanelbegintoworktogetherafterpost-pouredconcreteishardened.Theone-stageloadingcompositeslabissimilarwiththecast-in-placeslabinmechanicalbehavior.一階段加載組合板的做法及特點temporarybraces臨時支撐；bottompanels底板5.2.2OverviewofPre-stressedConcreteCompositePlateTheone-stageloadingcompositeslabhasslenderbottompanel,soitshouldbesupportedbytemporarybracesbeforethebottompanelsareassembled.Thepost-pouredconcretelayerandbottompanelbegintoworktogetherafterpost-pouredconcreteishardened.Theone-stageloadingcompositeslabissimilarwiththecast-in-placeslabinmechanicalbehavior.一階段加載組合板具有細(xì)長的底面板，所以在底板安裝前應(yīng)用臨時支撐固定。后澆混凝土層和底面板在后澆混凝土硬化后開始協(xié)同工作。一階段加載組合板在力學(xué)性能上與現(xiàn)澆板類似。5.2.2OverviewofPre-stressedConcreteCompositePlateThebottompaneloftwo-stagecompositeslabhasenoughbendingstiffnessandneedsnotemporarybracesduringconstruction.Soconstructiondurationcanbeshortenedandtheprojectcostcanbereduced.Differentfromthecast-in-placeslab,thecross-sectiondimensionsandreinforcementsofthecompositeslabaredecidedbyconstructionstage,notbyservicestage.Beforethepost-pouredconcretelayerishardened,itbearsnoloads.Inthemeanwhile,thebottompanelitselfbearsitsdeadweight,post-pouredconcrete’sdeadweightandconstructionloads.Afterthepost-pouredconcretelayerishardened,itbeginstoworktogetherwithbottompaneltoformcompositeslab,whichbearsthedeadweightofpost-pouredconcretelayer,floorsurfaceandceilingandliveloadduringservicestage.兩階段加載組合板的做法及特點cross-sectiondimensions截面尺寸；reinforcement配筋5.2.2OverviewofPre-stressedConcreteCompositePlateThebottompaneloftwo-stagecompositeslabhasenoughbendingstiffnessandneedsnotemporarybracesduringconstruction.Soconstructiondurationcanbeshortenedandtheprojectcostcanbereduced.Differentfromthecast-in-placeslab,thecross-sectiondimensionsandreinforcementsofthecompositeslabaredecidedbyconstructionstage,notbyservicestage.Beforethepost-pouredconcretelayerishardened,itbearsnoloads.Inthemeanwhile,thebottompanelitselfbearsitsdeadweight,post-pouredconcrete’sdeadweightandconstructionloads.Afterthepost-pouredconcretelayerishardened,itbeginstoworktogetherwithbottompaneltoformcompositeslab,whichbearsthedeadweightofpost-pouredconcretelayer,floorsurfaceandceilingandliveloadduringservicestage.兩階段加載組合板底板具有足夠的抗彎剛度，施工過程中不需要臨時支撐，即縮短了施工工期，降低工程造價。與現(xiàn)澆樓板不同，該組合板的截面尺寸和配筋取決于施工階段，而不是由正常使用階段決定?，F(xiàn)澆混凝土層硬化前不承受荷載。這一時期，底板不僅要承受板體自重，而且還要承受后澆混凝土的重量和施工荷載?，F(xiàn)澆混凝土層硬化后，開始與底板共同工作，形成組合板，承受現(xiàn)澆混凝土層、樓板、天花板自重和活載。5.2.2OverviewofPre-stressedConcreteCompositePlateThebottompanelpatterndeterminesthebondingbehaviorofthecompositeslabandtheedgejointdetailsinfluencesitscrackresistance.Theroughnessofbottompanelsurfacecanaffectthebondforceofcompositeslabs.Accordingtoroughness,thebottompanelcanbedividedintonaturalroughbottompanel,artificialroughbottompanelandshear-resistantreinforcedbottompanel.Accordingtocrosssection,thebottompanelcanbeclassifiedintoflatbottompanel,precastribbedbottompanel,hollowbottompanelandsandwichbottompanel.組合板根據(jù)底板粗糙程度和截面形狀分類bottompanelpattern底板形狀；bondingbehavior粘結(jié)性能；crackresistance抗裂性能5.2.3TheResearchandApplicationofPre-stressedCompositeSlabsThebottompanelpatterndeterminesthebondingbehaviorofthecompositeslabandtheedgejointdetailsinfluencesitscrackresistance.Theroughnessofbottompanelsurfacecanaffectthebondforceofcompositeslabs.Accordingtoroughness,thebottompanelcanbedividedintonaturalroughbottompanel,artificialroughbottompanelandshear-resistantreinforcedbottompanel.Accordingtocrosssection,thebottompanelcanbeclassifiedintoflatbottompanel,precastribbedbottompanel,hollowbottompanelandsandwichbottompanel.底板形狀決定了組合板的粘結(jié)性能，邊縫細(xì)節(jié)影響其抗裂性能。底板表面粗糙度對組合板的粘結(jié)力有影響。根據(jù)粗糙度，底板可分為天然粗糙底板、人造粗糙底板和抗剪加固底板。根據(jù)橫截面，底板可分為平底板、預(yù)制肋板、空心底板和夾層底板。5.2.3TheResearchandApplicationofPre-stressedCompositeSlabsCompositeslab