專項(xiàng)突破19 被動(dòng)語態(tài)-備戰(zhàn)2023年中考英語高頻考點(diǎn)專項(xiàng)突破【考點(diǎn)詳解+真題】（原卷版）

專項(xiàng)19被動(dòng)語態(tài)備戰(zhàn)2023年中考英語精選考點(diǎn)專項(xiàng)突破命題趨勢：動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)是中考出現(xiàn)頻率較高的語法項(xiàng)目之一?？碱}多以具體的語境為主，體現(xiàn)了對語法知識、語境理解、語言交際能力的綜合考查。中考考查重點(diǎn)：1.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句型；2.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的各種時(shí)態(tài)形式；3.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法；4.主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)；5.主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。被動(dòng)語態(tài)考向一：被動(dòng)語態(tài)的句型句型構(gòu)成例句肯定句主語+be+過去分詞(+by...)Englishisspokeneverywhere.到處有人說英語。否定句主語+be+not+過去分詞(+by…)Englishisn’tspokenbypeoplehere.這里的人不說英語。一般疑問句Be+主語+過去分詞(+by...)?—WasTomaskedtocomeearly?湯姆被要求早點(diǎn)來嗎?—Yes,hewas.是的，他被要求了。/No,hewasn’t.不，他沒有。特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞+be+主語+過去分詞(+by...)?Whywasthisbridgedestroyedbythegovernment?政府為什么要拆毀這座橋?考向二：被動(dòng)語態(tài)的各種時(shí)態(tài)形式時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu)例句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)主語+am/is/are+過去分詞+其他Historyismadebythepeople.歷史是人們創(chuàng)造的。一般過去時(shí)主語+was/were+過去分詞+其他TheletterwaswritteninEnglish.這封信是用英語寫的。ThecarsweremadeinShanghai.這些車是上海生產(chǎn)的。一般將來時(shí)主語+willbe+過去分詞+其他Yourjobwillbekeptopenforyourreturn.你的工作將保留到你回來。Whenwilltheworkbefinished?這項(xiàng)工作什么時(shí)候完成？現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)主語+am/is/am+being+過去分詞+其他Anewrailwayisbeingbuilt.一條新鐵路正在修建。Becausemycarisbeingrepaired,Ihavetogotoworkbytaxi.因?yàn)槲业能囌谛蘩?，所以我不得不坐出租車去上班。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)主語+was/were+being+過去分詞+其他Thehallwasbeingbuiltlastyear.I’mnotsureifitiscompleted.這個(gè)個(gè)大廳去年正在修建，我不清楚建好了沒有。TheroadwasbeingwidenedwhenIpassedbythevillage.當(dāng)我經(jīng)過那個(gè)村莊時(shí)，道路正在加寬?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去分詞+其他HasthesportsmeetingbeenputoffuntilnextFriday?運(yùn)動(dòng)會已經(jīng)推遲到下周五了嗎？過去完成時(shí)主語+hadbeen+過去分詞+其他Theroomhadbeenbrokenintobeforewecame.我們來之前已經(jīng)有人強(qiáng)行進(jìn)過這間屋子。AnewhotelhadbeenbuiltwhenIgotthere.我到那兒時(shí)，一座新旅館已經(jīng)建好了。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞過去分詞+其他Hertemperatureshouldbetakentwiceaday.她的體溫應(yīng)該一天量兩次。Ifheated,watercanbeturnedintovapour.如果受熱，水會變成蒸氣。考向三：被動(dòng)語態(tài)的用法用法例句不知道或者不必說出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者Howisthiswordpronounced?這個(gè)單詞怎么發(fā)音？Thebookwaspublishedin2005.這本書是2005年出版的。強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者Schoolwillbeopenedinourvillage.我們村將開辦一所新的希望學(xué)校。當(dāng)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者是泛指時(shí)Heissuspectedofrobbingthebank.有人懷疑他搶劫銀行。表示委婉或禮貌，避免提及動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者Ihavebeentoldmanytimesnottomakenoises.有人多次告訴我不要吵鬧。句法修飾的需要ThelecturewillbemadebyJoe,whoisayoungmusicianfromItaly.喬要做這個(gè)報(bào)告，他是意大利的一位年輕的音樂家。有些動(dòng)詞習(xí)慣上常用被動(dòng)語態(tài)Hewasborninthiscity.他出生在這個(gè)城市。ItisreportedthatheisaprofessorfromNewZealand.據(jù)報(bào)道，他是來自新西蘭的一位教授。考向四：主動(dòng)語態(tài)變被動(dòng)語態(tài)說明例句含有單個(gè)賓語的主動(dòng)句，即＂主語+謂語動(dòng)詞+賓語＂：把主動(dòng)句的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語，并依據(jù)上表（被動(dòng)語態(tài)的各種時(shí)態(tài)形式）謂語改為被動(dòng)形式；如果需要說明動(dòng)作的發(fā)出者，則需加上＂by+主動(dòng)句的主語（人稱代詞賓格）＂。ThefamousprofessorgavetwolecturesinEnglish.→Twolecturesweregiven(bythefamousprofessor)inEnglish.那位著名的教授用英語作了兩次報(bào)告。Theyoftenasksomequestionsafterclass.→Somequestionsareoftenasked(bythem)afterclass.他們經(jīng)常在課后問一些問題。直接賓語＂：當(dāng)直接賓語是名詞或代詞時(shí)，可將間接賓語和直接賓語中的任意一個(gè)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)的主語，而另一個(gè)保持不動(dòng)。但是，當(dāng)直接賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z時(shí)，間接賓語前應(yīng)加上介詞to或or。Thedoctorgavemesomegoodadviceonthepronunciation.→Iwasgivensomegoodadviceonthepronunciation.→Somegoodadvicewasgiventomeonthepronunciation.老師給我提了一些關(guān)于發(fā)音方面的好建議。含有復(fù)合賓語的主動(dòng)句，即＂主語+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語＂：把主動(dòng)句的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語，賓補(bǔ)保持不動(dòng)(成為主語補(bǔ)足語，簡稱主補(bǔ))。WecallhimLiHua.→HeiscalledLiHua.我們叫他李華。Theypaintedtheroomwhite.→Theroomwaspaintedwhite.他們把房間刷成了白色。【易錯(cuò)警示】感官動(dòng)詞和使役動(dòng)詞后接動(dòng)詞原形作賓補(bǔ)，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，需要在動(dòng)詞原形前加上省略的不定式符號to，即＂beseen/heard/found/observed/noticed/madetodosth＂。Theysawherenterthemeetingroomjustnow.→Shewasseentoenterthemeetingroomjustnow.剛才他們看見她進(jìn)入了會議室。含有動(dòng)詞短語（作謂語）的主動(dòng)句：謂語為及物動(dòng)詞短語的主動(dòng)句方可變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)。Theytakegoodcareofthesechildren.→Thesechildrenaretakengoodcareof.他們把這些孩子照顧得非常好。Weshouldmakefulluseofthegoodchance.→Thegoodchanceshouldbemadefulluseof.我們應(yīng)該充分利用這次好機(jī)會?！疽族e(cuò)警示】動(dòng)詞短語用于被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，把它們看作一個(gè)整體變成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，其后的介詞和副詞不可丟掉?？枷蛭澹褐鲃?dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義情況例句說明主語的性質(zhì)、特征的動(dòng)詞，用主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義，如：lock，open，read，sell，teach，wash，write等。Theclothwasheswell.這種布料很容易洗.Afreshlybakedcakedoesn’tcuteasily.剛烤好的蛋糕不容易切。Thispieceofmusicsoundsgood.這段音樂聽起來不錯(cuò)。Mooncakestastedelicious.月餅嘗起來很美味。某些動(dòng)詞后用動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式表達(dá)被動(dòng)意義，如：need，want，require，worth等。Thebikeneedsrepairing.這輛自行車需要修理。Yourhairwantscutting.你的頭發(fā)該理了。【知識拓展】常見的被動(dòng)形式表示主動(dòng)意義的詞組：beseated坐著，就座behidden躲藏belost迷路bedrunk喝醉bedressed穿著被動(dòng)語態(tài)記憶口訣被動(dòng)語態(tài)強(qiáng)調(diào)＂賓＂，用be加上＂過去分＂。＂be＂要隨著主語變，人稱時(shí)態(tài)要弄準(zhǔn)。＂行為對象＂作主語，邏輯主語＂by＂來引。原句若是雙賓語，一變＂主＂來一保＂賓＂。＂間賓＂要把主語變，原來＂直賓＂還是＂賓＂。＂直賓＂要把主語變，＂間賓＂前加＂to＂最稱心。唯有原＂賓＂是＂復(fù)合＂，只有變賓要當(dāng)心。原句＂賓補(bǔ)＂變＂主補(bǔ)＂，位置不必挪寸分。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞變＂被動(dòng)＂，情態(tài)加be加過分。如若＂情態(tài)＂后帶to，變后有to才弄準(zhǔn)。＂短語動(dòng)詞＂變＂被動(dòng)＂，相當(dāng)＂及物＂莫疑心。不過其后＂介＂或＂副＂，變后還得要承認(rèn)。1．（2022·內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特·中考真題）Thesecond“TiangongLecture”kickedoff!BingDwenDwen________ateachingtool!A．isusedfor B．wasusedfor C．isusedas D．wasusedas2．（2022·江蘇鹽城·中考真題）SpudWebb________atfirstbecauseofhisheight,buthedidn’tloseheart.A．refuses B．refused C．wasrefused D．willberefused3．（2022·湖北黃石·中考真題）—Doyouthinkjuniorhighschoolstudents________togettheirearspierced?—No,Idon’tthinkso.Itisagainsttheschoolrules.A．shouldallow B．a(chǎn)llow C．haveallowed D．shouldbeallowed4．（2022·遼寧丹東·中考真題）—DoChinesepeoplelikeping-pongalot?—Yes.It_______bypeopleofallages.A．plays B．isplayed C．played D．wasplayed5．（2022·遼寧撫順·中考真題）It’ssaidthatthekite_______inChinaover2000yearsago.A．invents B．invented C．wasinvented D．isinvented6．（2022·山東濟(jì)南·中考真題）ThestoryofXiaohuiissotouchingthatitwillnever________byus.A．isforgotten B．forget C．beforgotten D．forgot7．（2022·湖南益陽·中考真題）—Studentsinourschool________toswimintheriversorlakesalone.—Neitherarewe.Afterall,safetymustcomefirst.A．a(chǎn)llow B．don’tallow C．a(chǎn)ren’tallowed8．（2022·湖南株洲·中考真題）ThreeChineseastronauts（宇航員）________toChinaSpaceStationsuccessfullyonJune5,2022.A．sent B．a(chǎn)resent C．weresent9．（2022·遼寧大連·中考真題）IntheWolongPandaReserve,visitors________togetclosertopandas.A．a(chǎn)llow B．a(chǎn)llowed C．a(chǎn)reallowing D．a(chǎn)reallowed10．（2022·廣西梧州·中考真題）ThreeChineseastronauts________intospaceonJune5th,2022.A．weretaking B．a(chǎn)retakingC．weretaken D．a(chǎn)retaken11．（2022·山東濱州·中考真題）The24thWinterOlympics________inBeijingandZhangjiakouin2022,fromFebruary4thto20th.A．held B．washeld C．willbeheld D．hasbeenheld12．（2022·湖南邵陽·中考真題）—Thissilkscarflooksnice.—Yes,andit________inThailand.A．made B．makes C．wasmade13．（2022·黑龍江牡丹江·中考真題）Theworld’slargestastronomy(天文學(xué))museum________onJuly18th,2021inShanghai.A．built B．isbuilt C．wasbuilt14．（2022·遼寧盤錦·中考真題）It’ssaidthattea_________forthefirsttimeabout5,000yearsago.A．drinks B．drank C．isdrunk D．wasdrunk15．（2022·遼寧營口·中考真題）Aspeechonrobots________intheschoolhallnextFridayafternoon.A．isgiven B．willbegivenC．wasgiven D．hasbeengiven16．（2022·遼寧朝陽·中考真題）It’ssaidthattea__________byaccidentaboutfivethousandyearsago.A．wasinvented B．isinvented C．willbeinvented D．wereinvented17．（2022·山東菏澤·中考真題）—NanjingRoadisverycrowdedthesedays.—Theworkers________it.Itissaidthatit________soon.A．repair；finishes B．haverepaired；willfinish C．a(chǎn)rerepairing；willbefinished18．（2022·湖南郴州·中考真題）Anewsupermarket________onCenterStreetnextyear.A．wasbuilt B．willbebuilt C．isbuilt19．（2022·廣西貴港·中考真題）—People________totaketheirtemperaturesbeforetheygointothesupermarketduringtheCOVID-19pandemic(新冠疫情).—Ithinkit’sagoodwaytoprotectourselves.A．a(chǎn)reasking B．a(chǎn)reasked C．a(chǎn)sked D．a(chǎn)sk20．（2022·遼寧遼寧·中考真題）Fivemoreclubs________nextweektomakeourschoolliferichandcolorful.A．setup B．a(chǎn)resetup C．willbesetup D．weresetup21．（2022·江蘇·鹽城市鹿鳴路初級中學(xué)三模）—MusicandArtentertheEntranceExaminationforthehighschool,isittrue?—Yes.Butdon’tworry.Nothingwillbedifficultifmoreattention________tothem.A．willpay B．willbepaid C．pays D．ispaid22．（2022·江蘇·鹽城市鹽都區(qū)實(shí)驗(yàn)初中一模）—It’ssotiringtowashclothesbyhand.Whencanweusethewashingmachine?—Notuntilit________tomorrow.A．repairs B．willrepair C．isrepaired D．willberepaired23．（2022·廣西柳州·模擬預(yù)測）Don’tworry.Yourbackpack________hereuntilyoucomeback,soenjoyshoppinghere.A．iskept B．willbekept C．hasbeenkept24．（2022·黑龍江齊齊哈爾·二模）—Didyounoticethestudents___________afew“why”questioninMr.Zhang’sclass?—Yes,Ithinkhewantedtotraintheirabilitiesofdeepthinking.A．a(chǎn)reasked B．willbeasked C．wereasked25．（2022·福建·莆田擢英中學(xué)模擬預(yù)測）—Anewhospitalinourhometown_________injust10daysinordertohelpmorepatients.—Soundsgreat!A．built B．a(chǎn)rebuilt C．willbebuilt26．（2022·河北邯鄲·三模）Wearrivedatthetrainstation.Butwe________thatthetrainhadbeencanceledbecauseofthebadweather.A．told B．tell C．a(chǎn)retold D．weretold27．（2022·貴州·德江縣教育局教研室二模）—Mom,mayIwatchthemovieThebattleatChangjinLake（《長津湖之戰(zhàn)》）thisevening?—Ofcourse,ifyourhomework________.A．finished B．willfinish C．isfinished D．wasfinished28．（2022·湖北·陽新縣富川中學(xué)模擬預(yù)測）Iwon’tgotothepartyunlessmybestfriendMary________too.A．willinvite B．invites C．isinvited D．willbeinvite29．（2022·湖北武漢·一模）DuringtheTangDynasty,nearlyeverythingproducedintheworld________onthestreetsofChang’an.A．isfound B．hadbeenfoundC．couldbefound D．wouldbefound30．（2022·四川樂山·二模）—Yourcarissodirty.Itneeds__________.—ThisafternoonIwillhaveit___________.A．towash;washing B．washing;washed C．washed;towash31．（2022·安徽合肥·二模）It’shopedthatourdream________inthefuture.A．realizes B．willrealize C．isrealized D．willberealized32．（2022·四川成都·二模）HismotherdidagreatjobinfightingCOVID﹣19.She________onTVandbecamewidelyknown.A．willbeshowed B．isinviting C．wasinterviewed33．（2022·福建寧德·一模）—NingdeCATL(時(shí)代新能源)iswell-knownintheworld.—Yeah,manyelectriccars________here.A．willmake B．a(chǎn)remade C．made34．（2022·江蘇連云港·二模）—Haveyouheardthatthebigevent________untilnextyear?—Yes,Ihave.Becausethediseaseisveryseriousallovertheworld.A．isputoff B．wasputtedo