新教材適用2024-2025學(xué)年高中英語Unit3EnvironmentalProtectionSectionⅣ單元寫作提能作業(yè)新人教版選擇性必修第三冊

UNIT3SectionⅣⅠ.閱讀理解(2024·河北省保定市高二期末)WhatfishermanMoulThunfromaremoteislandintheMekongRiver,innorthernCambodia,didn'tknowwasthatstingrayhehookedwouldeventuallybenamedthelargestrecordedfreshwaterfish.ForZebHogan,who'sbeendocumentinglargefreshwaterfishesforalmosttwodecades,thediscoveryofthestingray,whichwasreleasedalivebackintotheriver,filledhimwithhope.“Itprovestheseunderwaterbigfish,whichareincriticaldanger,stillexist，”saysHogan.Hogan'spursuitforbigfish,calledtheMegafishesProjectandsupportedbyNationalGeographicSociety,beganin2005whenfishermeninnorthernThailandpulleda646-poundcafishoutoftheMekongRiver.Thespeciesisknownthatitwasthelargest,thatis,theheaviest-evercaughtinthearea.Arrivingattheisland,theteamfoundThun'sfish,afemalethatappearedtobeingoodhealth.Itwasmorethan13feetfromnosetotail.Theresearcherswereshockedtoseeherweightat661pounds.Shesetanewworldrecord.TheoriginalaimoftheMegafishesProjectwastofind,study,andprotecttheworld'slargestfreshwaterfishes.Theprojectfocusedonspeciesthatcouldgrowtoatleastthesizeofahumanandthatlivedonlyinfreshwater.Hoganinitiallydrewupalistofroughly30speciestofocuson.Thechallenge,asHogansoonlearned,wasthatmanyofthesefisharehardtofind.Theyliveinremote,inaccessibleplaces,andoftenindeepwaters.Earlyoninthesearch,therewererelativelyfewscientistsstudyingthem.Whatwasclearwasthattherivergiantswereshrinkinginnumber,threatenedbyahostoffactorsincludingoverfishing,waterpollution,andthepresenceofdams,whichblockmigratingfishfromcompletingtheirlifecycles.AsHogan'sworkprogressed,itsfocusincreasinglyturnedtoconservation.“Itwasneveraboutjustfindingthebiggestfish，”Hogansays,“butlookingforwaystoprotecttheseextraordinaryanimalsthat,insomecases,havebeenonEarthforhundredsofmillionsofyearsbutarenowdriftingoutofentities.”語篇解讀：這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了ZebHogan近20年來始終在記錄大型淡水魚，他成立了“巨型魚項(xiàng)目”，并得到了國家地理學(xué)會的支持。1．WhywasZebHoganfullofhope？BA．Freshwaterfishesweren'tindanger.B．Somelargefishesdidn'tdieoutC．Thestingraywasputintotheriver.D．Manylargefishesexistedinrivers.解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段中“‘Itprovestheseunderwaterbigfish,whichareincriticaldanger,stillexist，’saysHogan.(霍根說：“這證明白這些處于極度危急中的水下大魚仍舊存在?！?”可知，澤布·霍根充溢希望是因?yàn)橐恍┐篝~并沒有滅亡。故選B。2．Whatcanweknowaboutthe646-poundcatfish?DA．ItwasalsocaughtbyMoulThun.B．It'sthelargestrecordedfreshwaterfish.C．Itwasinjuredveryseriously.D．ItwascaughtintheMekongRiver.解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段的第一句(霍根對大魚的追求被稱為“巨型魚項(xiàng)目”，并得到了國家地理學(xué)會的支持。該項(xiàng)目始于2005年，當(dāng)時(shí)泰國北部的漁民從湄公河打撈出一條646磅重的鯰魚)”可知，這條646磅重的鯰魚是在湄公河被捕獲的。故選D。3．WhichofthefollowingistheoriginalgoaloftheMegafishesProject？CA．Findingabout30speciesofbigfishes.B．Studyingfishessmallerthanhumans.C．Protectingbigfreshwaterfishes.D．Settingnewrecordinfindingfishes.解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段“TheoriginalaimoftheMegafishesProjectwastofind,study,andprotecttheworld'slargestfreshwaterfishes.(巨型魚類項(xiàng)目的最初目的是發(fā)覺、探討和愛護(hù)世界上最大的淡水魚)”可知，愛護(hù)大型淡水魚是巨型魚項(xiàng)目的最初目標(biāo)。故選C。4．Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“driftingoutofentities”inthelastparagraphmean?AA．Dyingout. B．Gettingill.C．Beingprotected. D．Livingwell.解析：詞句揣測題。依據(jù)畫線詞上文“butlookingforwaystoprotecttheseextraordinaryanimalsthat,insomecases,havebeenonEarthforhundredsofmillionsofyearsbutarenow”可知，but表示轉(zhuǎn)折，說明在某些狀況下，這些動物已經(jīng)在地球上存在了數(shù)億年，但現(xiàn)在正面臨滅亡。故畫線詞意思是“滅亡”。故選A。Ⅱ.七選五依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。(2024·吉林省吉林市第一中學(xué)高二期末)Climatechangehasincreasedaveragetemperaturesby1℃overthepastcentury,makingheatwavesmorefrequentandintensethanthosefromanyotherpointinrecordedhistory.1.AAstudypublishedinthejournalNatureClimateChangefoundglobalwarmingresponsiblefor37percentofheat-relateddeathsbetween1991and2024.Thefollowingiswhathappensifyou'rethenexttobekilled.First,yourbrainsendsaseriesofmessagestoyoursweatglandstellingthemtoincreasesweatproduction.Thenyourheartstartsbeatingfastertopumpbloodtotheskinwhilebloodflowisdirectedawayfromimportantorgans(器官)likeyourliver,kidneysandgut.2.FIfheatstrokeoccurs,yourbodymightgethotanddirectsomuchoxygen-richbloodtotheskinthatitsuffocates(把……悶死)vitalinternalorgans.Ifyourbodyfailstocoolyoudown,itsinternaltemperaturemightstarttoclimbfromanormalleveltoabout104degrees.3.DYoumayfeelitstartasadullheadache.Beforelong,youmightloseconsciousness.Yourbrainmightbegintoswell.Whileyoustruggletostayawakeandavoiddizzyingconfusion,theexcessiveinternalheatisdamagingyourgut,consequentlycausinganinflammatory(發(fā)炎的)response.4.GThat'sjustpartofwhatweknowabouthowextremeheatkillsyou.5.BAlotofwhatweknowcomesfromstudiesonanimalmodels,likemiceandrats,orfromexaminationsofpeopledyingofheatstroke.A．Astheheatrisesquickly,sodoesthedeathnumber.B．That'sbecausewecan'tstudyitinhumansinthelaboratory.C．Astemperaturestickeverhigher,thatfiguremaywellrise.D．Atthattemperature,yourbrainbecomesaffected.E．Survivingtheorganfailuremightrequireanemergencytransplant.F．Sometimesthataloneisenoughtocreateproblemsforaweakoragingheart.G．Leftuntreated,whatfollowsisafloodoforganfailurethatleadstoyourdeath.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章說明白極端高溫導(dǎo)致人類生病或死亡的緣由。解析：1．依據(jù)空后的“AstudypublishedinthejournalNatureClimateChangefoundglobalwarmingresponsiblefor37percentofheat-relateddeathsbetween1991and2024.(發(fā)表在《自然氣候改變》雜志上的一項(xiàng)探討發(fā)覺，1991年至2024年期間，37%的與熱相關(guān)死亡是由全球變暖造成的。)”可知，前文應(yīng)當(dāng)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是熱浪造成死亡即二者之間的關(guān)系。A選項(xiàng)(隨著氣溫快速上升死亡人數(shù)也隨之上升。)符合語境，引起下文。故選A。2．設(shè)空處前文從熱浪對身體各個(gè)器官產(chǎn)生影響的機(jī)理入手，對熱浪造成死亡的緣由進(jìn)行分析，由此后文應(yīng)當(dāng)闡述的該消極影響所產(chǎn)生的后果。F選項(xiàng)(有時(shí)，這本身就足以給虛弱或蒼老的心臟帶來問題。)中的that指代的是前文中“First,yourbrainsendsaseriesofmessagestoyoursweatglandstellingthemtoincreasesweatproduction.”及“Thenyourheartstartsbeatingfastertopumpbloodtotheskinwhilebloodflowisdirectedawayfromimportantorgans(器官)likeyourliver,kidneysandgut.”的任何一種狀況。故選F。3．依據(jù)前文的“Ifyourbodyfailstocoolyoudown,itsinternaltemperaturemightstarttoclimbfromanormalleveltoabout104degrees.(假如你的身體不能給你降溫，它的內(nèi)部溫度可能會從正常水平攀升到104華氏度左右。)”可知，后文強(qiáng)調(diào)身體內(nèi)部溫度可能會從正常水平攀升到104華氏度左右的結(jié)果。D選項(xiàng)(在那種溫度下，你的大腦會受到影響。)中的thattemperature與前文呼應(yīng)。故選D。4．依據(jù)前文“Whileyoustruggletostayawakeandavoiddizzyingconfusion,theexcessiveinternalheatisdamagingyourgut,consequentlycausinganinflammatory(發(fā)炎的)response.(當(dāng)你努力保持醒悟，避開紛繁蕪雜的混亂時(shí)，過多的內(nèi)熱正在損害你的腸道，從而導(dǎo)致炎癥反應(yīng)。)”可知，后文應(yīng)當(dāng)承接的是應(yīng)當(dāng)剛好治療由內(nèi)熱正在損害你的腸道，從而導(dǎo)致炎癥，否則會造成死亡。G選項(xiàng)(假如不剛好治療，隨之而來的是大量器官衰竭，最終導(dǎo)致死亡。)符合語境。故選G。5．依據(jù)后文的“Alotofwhatweknowcomesfromstudiesonanimalmodels,likemiceandrats,orfromexaminationsofpeopledyingofheatstroke.(我們知道的許多信息都來自于對動物模型的探討，比如小鼠和大鼠，或者來自對中暑死亡者的檢查。)”可知，關(guān)于極端高溫造成人類死亡的緣由我們僅僅知道其中一部分的緣由，是因?yàn)槲覀兯@得的許多信息都來自于對動物模型的探討，因?yàn)槲覀儾荒軐θ祟悪C(jī)體本身進(jìn)行探討。故B選項(xiàng)(這是因?yàn)槲覀儫o法在試驗(yàn)室中對人類進(jìn)行探討。)承上啟下。故選B。Ⅲ.完形填空(2024·浙江省浙南名校聯(lián)盟高二期中)Polturanstraighttohisstudytable.There,inanemptybottle,wasthetreasure,acolourfulbutterfly,oncekeepingflyingawayfromhis1.C.Butnowitwasgoingtobepartofhisbiologyprojectinschool.Poltulovedthedifferent2.Aonthewings.Hehadmadeafewholesonthecapofthebottletoletairpass3.D.Hedressedhurriedly,4.Cschooland5.Bthebottleonthewindowsill.Thatday'sbiologyclasswasthemostinteresting!Poltu'steacherwashappywithhis6.Aandaskedeveryonetothankhim.Onthewaybackhome,thebutterflystillfluttereditswings7.D.WhateversmallcreaturePoltucameacross,hefeltlikeputtingintothebottle.Buthe8.Ahimselfashewantedtogivebreathingspacetohisbutterfly.Wakinguparoundmidnightsuddenly,helightly9.Cthebottle.Thebutterflydidnotmove.Heshookthebottlesomemore,butstillno10.A.Hepouredalittlewater.Thewaterseemedtohelpasthebutterfly11.Dalittle.Poltuheavedasighof12.C.AfterawhilePoltuquicklyopenedthebottleandgaveita13.Bshake.ToPoltu,thetinynoiseoftheflutteringwingswas14.D.Hesatstaringattheemptybottle,buthewashappythathehadsentthebutterflybacktowhereit15.B—nature.語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文。文章主要講解并描述Poltu抓了一只彩色的蝴蝶并把它放進(jìn)空瓶子里，并最終讓它回來大自然的故事。1．A.sense B．a(chǎn)bilityC．grasp D．view解析：考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：在那里，在一個(gè)空瓶子里，是寶藏，一個(gè)彩色的蝴蝶，一度從他緊握的手中飛走了。依據(jù)“...oncekeepingflyingawayfrom...”可知，蝴蝶在一度從Poltu緊握的手中飛走。A.sense感覺；B.ability實(shí)力；C.grasp緊握；D.view觀點(diǎn)。故選C。2．A.colours B．spotsC．shapes D．lines解析：考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Poltu喜愛翅膀上不同的顏色。依據(jù)上文“acolourfulbutterfly”可知，這是一只彩色的蝴蝶，所以Poltu喜愛蝴蝶翅膀上不同的顏色。B.spots地點(diǎn)；C.shapes形態(tài)；D.lines線。故選A。3．A.past B．a(chǎn)crossC．over D．through解析：考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：他在瓶蓋上鑿了幾個(gè)洞，好讓空氣通過。passthrough穿過；透過。依據(jù)“Hehadmadeafewholesonthecapofthebottle...”可知，Poltu在瓶蓋上鑿洞是為了讓瓶子透氣。故選D。4．A.calledon B．leftoffC．leftfor D．droppedin解析：考查動詞短語詞義辨析。句意：他匆忙穿好衣服，去學(xué)校，把瓶子放在窗臺上。依據(jù)“Hedressedhurriedly...”可知，Poltu匆忙穿好衣服，動身去學(xué)校。A.calledon號召；B.leftoff中斷；C.leftfor動身去；D.droppedin順便走訪。故選C。5．A.abandoned B．placedC．threw D．pulled解析：考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：他匆忙穿好衣服，去學(xué)校，把瓶子放在窗臺上。依據(jù)“thebottleonthewindowsill”可知，Poltu把裝有蝴蝶的瓶子放在教室的窗臺上。A.abandoned拋棄；B.placed放置；C.threw扔；D.pulled拉。故選B。6．A.creation B．conditionC．intention D．expectation解析：考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Poltu的老師對他的創(chuàng)作很滿足，并請大家感謝他。依據(jù)上文“Butnowitwasgoingtobepartofhisbiologyprojectinschool.”和空后“andaskedeveryonetothankhim”可知，老師對Poltu的創(chuàng)作很滿足。A.creation創(chuàng)作；B.condition狀況；C.intention準(zhǔn)備；D.expectation期望。故選A。7．A.changeably B．reasonablyC．weakly D．energetically解析：考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：在回家的路上，蝴蝶仍舊精力充足地拍打著翅膀。依據(jù)“...thebutterflystillfluttereditswings...”可知，蝴蝶精力充足地拍打著翅膀。A.changeably易變地；B.reasonably合理地；C.weakly虛弱地；D.energetically精力充足地。故選D。8．A.controlled B．seizedC．managed D．hid解析：考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：但他限制住了自己，因?yàn)樗虢o他的蝴蝶喘息的空間。依據(jù)“...ashewantedtogivebreathingspacetohisbutterfly”可知，Poltu學(xué)會了自我限制。A.controlled限制；B.seized抓?。籆.managed管理；D.hid隱藏。故選A。9．A.kicked B．embracedC．patted D．beat解析：考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：半夜左右，他突然醒來，輕輕地拍了拍瓶子。依據(jù)“Heshookthebottlesomemore,butstillno10.”可知，Poltu輕輕地拍了拍瓶子，看蝴蝶是否在動。A.kicked踢；B.embraced擁抱；C.patted輕怕；D.beat打。故選C。10．A.response B．a(chǎn)ppearanceC．symptom D．signal解析：考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：他又搖了搖瓶子，但還是沒有反應(yīng)。依據(jù)“Heshookthebottlesomemore”可知，瓶子中的沒有反應(yīng)。A.response反應(yīng)；B.appearance外表；C.symptom癥狀；D.signal信號。故選A。11．A.climbed B．jumpedC．turned D．trembled解析：考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)蝴蝶微微顫抖時(shí)，水好像幫了大忙。依據(jù)“Thewaterseemedtohelp”可知，Poltu倒入一點(diǎn)水，蝴蝶起先微微顫抖。C.turned轉(zhuǎn)身；D.trembled顫抖。故選D。12．A.regret B．shockC．relief D．depression解析：考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：Polu松了一口氣。heaveasighofrelief“松一口氣，如釋重負(fù)”。依據(jù)“Thewaterseemedtohelpasthebutterfly11alittle.”可知，Poltu看到蝴蝶動了，松了一口氣。A.regret缺憾；B.shock震驚；C.relief欣慰；D.depression懊喪。故選C。13．A.violent B．gentleC．sudden D．natural解析：考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：過了一會兒，Poltu快速打開瓶子，輕輕地?fù)u了搖。依據(jù)“AfterawhilePoltuquicklyopenedthebottle...”可知，Poltu輕輕地?fù)u了搖瓶子。A.violent猛烈的；B.gentle輕輕的；C.sudden突然的；D.natural自然的。故選B。14．A.terrible B．unbelievableC．confusing D．musical解析：考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：對Poltu來說，扇動翅膀發(fā)出的微小聲音是悅耳的。依據(jù)“Poltuheavedasighof12.”可知，Poltu知道蝴蝶