（高考英語作文煉句）第59篇譯文老師筆記

PAGEPAGE1數(shù)十年來,政府一直在嘗試減少富人和窮人之間的差距,提升社會階層的流動性.

Fordecades,thegovernmenthasbeentryingto

bridgethegulfbetween

(1.減少……之間的差距)thehavesandthehave-nots

(2.富人和窮人)inanattemptto

improvesocialmobility(3.提升社會階層的流動性).

1-bridgethegulfbetween…and…減少……之間的差距

詞典釋義：bridgeBRINGTOGETHER

橋梁

■tomakethe

differenceordivisionbetweentwothingssmallerorlesssevere

減小…之間的差異?Wemust

bridge

thegap

betweenlabour

andmanagement.我們必須消除勞資雙方的鴻溝.

gulfDIFFERENCE

不同

countableusuallysingular

■animportant

differencebetweentheideas,opinions,orsituationsoftwogroupsofpeople

不可逾越的鴻溝;巨大的差距;隔閡?Thereisawidening

gulf

between

the

middleclassesandthepoorestsectionsofsociety.中產(chǎn)階級和社會最貧困階層之間的貧富差距在日益加大.?Itishopedthatthepeaceplanwill

bridge

the

gulf

(=reducetheverylargedifference)

between

thegovernmentandthe

rebels.人們希望和平計(jì)劃能夠縮小政府和叛亂分子之間的分歧.

外刊例句：Inanattemptto

bridgethegulfbetween

publicandprivatehealthcare,the

governmenthasproposedintroducinganationalhealth-insurancescheme.()政府嘗試縮窄公共醫(yī)療和私人醫(yī)療的差距,于是提議開展全國醫(yī)療保險(xiǎn)計(jì)劃.

替換表達(dá)：bridge/reduce/close/narrowthegapbetween…and…

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：Narrowthe

distancebetween…and…點(diǎn)評：distance是指"(兩個(gè)人之間的)疏遠(yuǎn)”,例如：Therewasstilladistancebetweenmeandmyfather.我和父親之間仍然有些疏遠(yuǎn).不可以用distance來指富人和窮人之間的差距.

2-富人和窮人thehavesandthehave-nots

詞典釋義：thehavesandhave-nots

■thepeoplewhoarenotpoorandthepeoplewhoarepoor

富人和窮人?Thegovernment'schangeofpolicyisintendedtoreduce

thegapbetweenthe

haves

andhave-notsinoursociety.政府改變政策,目的是縮小我們社會中富人與窮人的差距.

外刊例句：Whilearound$900m[￡585m]areredistributed

totheteamseveryyear,thesystemkeepsgivingtoomuchto

thehaves

andtoolittleto

thehave-nots.()這些球隊(duì)每年都可以重新分配得約9億美元,在此制度影響下,富裕的球隊(duì)更富,貧困的球隊(duì)更窮.

替換表達(dá)：(the)richand(the)poor

3-提升社會階層的流動性improvesocial

mobility

詞典釋義：mobilityUK

[m??'b?l.?.ti]

US

[mo?'b?l.?.t?i]

noun

uncountable

slightly

formal

■theabilitytomovefreelyorbeeasilymoved

活動性,流動性?Someneckinjuriescausetotallossof

mobility

belowthepointofinjury.某些頸部損傷會導(dǎo)致受傷部位以下肢體完全喪失活動能力.?Ipreferthe

mobility

ofahand-heldcamera.我更喜歡手提攝像機(jī)的靈活性.socialmobility

UK

US

noun

[uncountable]

the

abilitytomoveeasilyfromalowersocialclasstoahigherone

外刊例句：And

theevidencesuggeststhatbothpolicieswillprobablyfailto

improvesocialmobility.()而且此證據(jù)指出：這兩種政策都難以改善社會階級流動性.

替換表達(dá)：enhance/increasesocialmobility

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)Social

fluidity點(diǎn)評：socialfluidity是指"社會的不穩(wěn)定性”,不能用來社會階層的流動性.(2)Social

liquidity點(diǎn)評：liquidity是指資產(chǎn)的流動性,例如：Thecompanymaintainsahighdegreeofliquidity.公司保持著很高的資產(chǎn)折現(xiàn)度.

2.在政治騷亂爆發(fā)的動蕩時(shí)期,當(dāng)?shù)卣坏貌徊扇【o急措施安撫公眾.Inturbulenttimes

(1.在動蕩時(shí)期)when

politicalriots

(2.政治騷亂)erupted,thenationalgovernmenthadtotakeemergencymeasuresto

appeasethepublic(3.安撫公眾).

1-在動蕩時(shí)期Inturbulenttimes

詞典釋義：turbulentUK

['t?：.bj?.l?nt]

US

['t?：.bj?-]

adjective

SITUATION/TIME

情況／時(shí)間

■involvingalotofsuddenchanges,argumentsorviolence

騷亂的,騷動的;動蕩的,混亂的?a

turbulent

marriage吵吵鬧鬧的婚姻?Thishasbeena

turbulent

weekforthegovernment.對政府來講,這是動蕩多事的一周.

timeHISTORICAL

PERIOD

歷史時(shí)期

ADVANCED

countable

(also

times)

■aperiodin

history

歷史時(shí)期;時(shí)代?CharlesDickens'novel"ATaleofTwoCities"is

setatthe

time

of

theFrenchRevolution.查理斯?狄更斯的小說《雙城記》是以法國大革命時(shí)期為背景的.?In/During

medieval

times,womenthoughttobewitcheswereburntatthe

stake.中世紀(jì)時(shí)期,人們把被認(rèn)為是女巫的女人在火刑柱上燒死.?In

times

goneby,allcropswereharvestedbyhand.在過去的時(shí)代,所有農(nóng)作物都是人手收割.?Times

were

hard

(=Theconditionsoflifewereuncomfortable)whenIwasaboy.我小時(shí)候日子很艱難.?Heiswidelyregardedasoneofthebestwritersof

modern/our

times

(=thepresentorveryrecentpast).人們普遍認(rèn)為他是現(xiàn)代／我們這個(gè)時(shí)代最優(yōu)秀的作家之一.?Ineverthoughtitwouldhappen

in

my

time

(=beforeIdied).我怎么也想不到這會在我有生之年發(fā)生.?Wesatandtalkedabout

old

times

(=

thingsthathadhappenedtousinthepast.)我們坐下來談?wù)撏?

外刊例句：Itaimstoinspireadiverse,global

commentaryonour

turbulenttimes,

interrogatingthewaysinwhichdesignaffectseveryaspectofourlives,and

influencesourfeelingsandexperiences.

()它志在鼓勵(lì)我們?nèi)ザ嘣覈H化地描繪此動蕩時(shí)代,探尋設(shè)計(jì)是如何影響我們生活的各個(gè)方面,和影響我們的情感與經(jīng)歷的.

替換表達(dá)：yeastydays/tumultuoustimes

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：Duringthe

turbulenttimes點(diǎn)評：times在這里是泛指,不能加the,這里要改為duringturbulenttimes

2-政治騷亂politicalriots

詞典釋義：riot['ra?.?t]

noun

IMPROVER

countable

■anoisy,violent,anduncontrolledpublicmeeting

暴亂;騷亂;聚眾鬧事?Inner-city

riots

erupted

whenalocalman

wasshotbypolice.在市中心的貧民區(qū),由于一名當(dāng)?shù)啬凶颖粏T警開槍打死而突然引發(fā)了暴亂.

外刊例句：TheanimositybetweenMrsHasina'sBangladesh

NationalistpartyandMrsZia'sAwamiLeagueissuchthatdozensdiedin

politicalriots

lastyear.()海撒尼的孟加拉國家黨和梓亞的世俗聯(lián)盟極度仇恨對方,單去年的政治暴亂就有數(shù)十人因此而喪生.

替換表達(dá)：politicalturmoil/tumult/unrest

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：Politicalsedition點(diǎn)評：sedition是指"煽動反政府的言論(或文章、行為)”,例如：Governmentofficialschargedhimwithsedition.政府官員指控他煽動人們造反.sedition用來這里不妥.

3-安撫公眾appeasethepublic

詞典釋義：appease

[?'pi：z]

formal

disapproving

verb

transitive

■topreventfurtherdisagreementinargumentsorwarby

givingtotheothersideanadvantagethattheyhavedemanded

平息;撫慰;綏靖;姑息?Sheclaimedthatthegovernmenthadonlychangedthelaw

inorderto

appease

theircritics.她稱政府修改法律僅僅是為了安撫那些批評政府的人.

thepublic

ESSENTIAL

■allordinary

people

公眾,大眾?The

public

hasarighttoknowaboutthis.大眾有權(quán)知道這件事.?Thepalaceanditsgroundsare

opento

the

public

(=peoplecanvisit)duringthesummermonths.在夏天的幾個(gè)月里,這座宮殿及其庭院向大眾開放.?Whenwilltheproductbeavailabletothe

general

public

(=allordinarypeople)?普通大眾甚么時(shí)候能買到這種產(chǎn)品??Membersof

the

public

wereaskedabouttheirshoppinghabits.一些民眾被問到他們的購物習(xí)慣.

外刊例句：EvenOliverLetwin,oneofausterity’skey

architectsandadevoutThatcherite,saysministersmustconsidertaxrises

andloosenpublicspendingto

appease

thepublicmood.

()奧利弗是緊縮政策的主要策劃者,而且是堅(jiān)定的撒切爾主義者,但連他都說,各部長必須考慮提高稅收、加大公共服務(wù)投入,從而安撫大眾情緒.

替換表達(dá)：pacify/reassurethepublic

3.政府不能被短期利益所蒙蔽,而要把大眾的長遠(yuǎn)福利放在首位.

Thegovernmentshould

putahighpriorityon

(1.將……放在首位)people’slong-termwelfare,ratherthan

beingblindedby(2.被……蒙蔽)

short-terminterests(3.短期利益).

1-將……放在首位putahighpriority

on

詞典釋義：priorityUK

[pra?'?r.?.ti]

US

[-'?：r.?.t?i]

noun

countable

or

uncountable

IMPROVER

■somethingthatisveryimportantandmustbedealtwith

beforeotherthings

優(yōu)先考慮的事?Themanagementdidnotseemtoconsiderofficesafetyto

bea

priority.管理部門似乎并不認(rèn)為應(yīng)該優(yōu)先考慮辦公室安全問題.?My

first/top

priority

istofindsomewhere

tolive.我首先要考慮的是找個(gè)地方住.?Youhavetolearnto

get

your

priorities

right/straight

(=decidewhicharethemostimportantjobsorproblemsanddealwiththem

first).你必須學(xué)會先處理最重要的事.?Mendingthelightsisa

priority

task(=more

importantthanotherjobs).修燈這個(gè)任務(wù)更重要.?Banksnormally

give

priority

to

large

businesseswhendecidingonloans(=Theydealwiththemfirstbecausethey

considerthemmostimportant).銀行在發(fā)放貸款時(shí)通常優(yōu)先考慮大企業(yè).?Officialbusinessrequirementsobviously

take/have

priority

over

personalrequests(=Officialbusinessmatterswillbedealtwith

first).公事顯然應(yīng)該置于私事之前.

外刊例句：AndintruthfewGermanpoliticians(except

thoseintheEuropeanParliament)

put

ahighpriorityon

apushforEuropeanfederalism.

()事實(shí)上,甚少德國政治家(除了那些在歐盟議會任職的)會把推進(jìn)歐洲聯(lián)邦制視為首要任務(wù).

替換表達(dá)：putsomethingfirst

2-被……蒙蔽beingblindedby

詞典釋義：blind[bla?nd]

verb

transitive

NOT

CONSCIOUS

盲目

■tomakesomeone

unabletonoticeorunderstandsomething

蒙蔽;使無辨別力

?Wemustn'tletourprejudices

blind

us

to

thefactsofthesituation.我們一定不能讓偏見蒙蔽自己而看不清實(shí)際形勢.

外刊例句：Blindedby

short-terminterests,westerngovernmentsinsistonseeingthingsinthe

regionastheywant,notastheyare.

()西方政府受短期利益所蒙蔽,堅(jiān)持把該區(qū)域看得和理想中的一樣,卻不能看到其真實(shí)情況.

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：(1)

be

coveredby點(diǎn)評：cover是指"遮蓋;掩護(hù)”,不可以用來指"被……蒙蔽”.(2)

be

deceivedby點(diǎn)評：bedeceivedby是指"被……欺騙”,例如：Hehadbeendeceivedbyayoungmanclaimingtobethesonofa

millionaire.他被一個(gè)自稱是百萬富翁兒子的年輕人騙了.它與beblindedby(被……蒙蔽)不同.

3-短期利益short-terminterests

詞典釋義：short-term

UK

[???：t't?：m]

US

['??：rt.t?：m]

adjective

ADVANCED

■lastingashorttime

持續(xù)時(shí)間短的,暫時(shí)的

?short-term

memory短期記憶

ADVANCED

■relatingtoashortperiodoftime

短期的;近期的?a

short-term

weatherforecast近期天氣預(yù)報(bào)

interestUK

['?n.tr?st]

US

[-tr?st]

noun

ADVANTAGE

好處

ESSENTIAL

countable

usually

plural

uncountable

■somethingthat

bringsadvantagestooraffectssomeoneorsomething

利益,好處?Aunionlooksafterthe

interests

ofits

members.工會關(guān)心其會員的利益.?It's

inhis

interests

tokeepcareful

records.仔細(xì)做好紀(jì)錄對他有好處.?Inthe

interests

of

safety,pleasedonotsmoke.為了安全起見,請不要吸煙.?Despitewhatyouthink,I'monlyactinginyour

best

interests

(=doingwhatisbestforyou).不管你怎樣想,我這樣做完全是為你著想.

外刊例句：Fortragediesofthecommonstobeaverted,

rulesandinstitutionsareneededtobalancethe

short-terminterests

ofindividualsagainstthelong-term

interestsofallusers.

()為了這些普遍的悲劇,制度和機(jī)制需要讓個(gè)人的短期利益和所有使用者的長期利益平衡起來.

替換表達(dá)：short-termbenefits

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：short-term

interests點(diǎn)評：當(dāng)interests表示"利益”時(shí)應(yīng)該使用復(fù)數(shù)形式,例如：Theregulationswereintroducedinordertosafeguardtheinterests

oflocalfishingcommunities.這些規(guī)章的實(shí)施是為了保護(hù)當(dāng)?shù)貪O民社區(qū)的利益.

4.學(xué)校教育系統(tǒng)的質(zhì)量與未來勞動力的競爭力成正比.因此,如果一個(gè)國家將稅收預(yù)算投入到興建學(xué)校里面,它能夠長期從這些熟練的勞動力中獲益.Thequalityoftheschoolingsystemis

proportionalto

(1.與……成正比)thecompetenceofthefutureworkforce.Therefore,acountrycanbenefitfromsuch

skillful

(2.熟練的)humanresourcesinthelongtermiftheyinvest

thetaxbudget

(3.稅收預(yù)算)tobuildschools.

1-與……成正比(be)proportionaltobeproportionalto意為"與……成比例”,一般指的就是正比例;如果要表達(dá)反比例,可以用beinverselyproportionalto.

詞典釋義：proportional

●○○○○1.ADJ

形容詞

與…成比例的

Ifoneamountis

proportionalto

another,thetwoamountsincreaseanddecreaseatthesameratesothereis

alwaysthesamerelationshipbetweenthem.?Lossofweightisdirectly

proportional

totherateatwhichthediseaseisprogressing.體重的下降與病情發(fā)展的速度成正比.?...a

proportional

feebasedonthefinalsaleprice.與最后銷售價(jià)格成比例的費(fèi)用

外刊例句：Retributionshould

beproportionalto

thecrime.Butsoshouldreward

beproportionalto

ourextraeffort.

()懲罰程度該與犯罪成正比,不過獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)也該與我們付出的額外努力成正比.

替換表達(dá)：haveapositivecorrelationwith/beinproportionto

學(xué)生錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：Indirect

ratiowith點(diǎn)評：ratio是指兩個(gè)數(shù)之間的比率,例如：Theratioofnursingstafftodoctorsis2：1.護(hù)理人員與醫(yī)生的比例為2比1.indirect

ratiowith可以改為beproportionalto

2-熟練的skillful

詞典釋義：skilfulUK

(ALSOUSskillful)['sk?l.f?l]

adjective

ADVANCED

■goodatdoingsomething,especiallybecauseyouhave

practiseddoingit

嫻熟的,熟練的?Policeofficershavetobe

skilful

drivers.員警必須能熟練駕駛車輛.

ADVANCED

■doneormadeverywell

出