（高考英語作文煉句）第7篇譯文老師筆記

PAGEPAGE11.網(wǎng)絡課程使得發(fā)展中國家的人能夠獲取高質(zhì)量的教育,而這種獲取渠道的缺乏一直以來都制約了發(fā)展中國家經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展.Onlinecoursesallowpeoplein

developingcountries

(1.發(fā)展中國家)to

gainaccessto

(2.獲取)highqualityeducation,thelackofwhichhastraditionally

heldback(3.制約)developingeconomies.1-onlinecourses詞典釋義：courseUK

[k?：s]

US

[k?：rs/note_panel

noun

CLASSES

課

ESSENTIAL

countable

■asetofclassesoraplanofstudyonaparticular

subject,usuallyresultinginanexaminationorqualification

課程;教程?Tim

did

athree-year

courseinlinguisticsatNewcastle.蒂姆在紐卡斯爾大學修讀了為期三年的語言學課程.?They'regoingaway

on

atrainingcoursenextweek.下星期他們要出去上實習課.?I'dliketoUK

do

/US

takeawritingcoursewhenIretire.退休后我想修讀一門寫作課.

Common

Learner

Errors

course

Thecorrectprepositiontousebeforecourseis

on.Don'tsay'to/at/inacourse',sayonacourse：

?

Inthiscourseyouwilllearnhowtomanageyourtime.Onthiscourseyouwilllearnhowtomanageyourtime.

外刊例句：Foruniversitiesbesetbyheavydebts,smallertaxpayer

subsidiesandacyclicaldeclineinenrolment,

onlinecourses

meanbettertuition,highergraduationratesand

lower-costdegrees.Newtechnologyalsogivestheinnovativeachanceto

shineagainsttheirrivals.(TheEconomist)

學生錯誤表達：(1)netcurriculum點評：curriculum是指課程安排,與courses(課程)不同.(2)internetcourses點評：onlinecourses比internetcourses更常用.

2-developingcountries詞典釋義：developing

●●○○○1.ADJ

形容詞

(國家或地區(qū))發(fā)展中的

Ifyoutalkabout

developing

countries

orthe

developing

world,youmeanthecountriesorthepartsoftheworldthatare

poorandhavefewindustries.

【搭配模式】：ADJn?Inthe

developing

worldcigaretteconsumptionisincreasing.在發(fā)展中國家,香煙的消費量正在上升.

外刊例句：Armsdeliveriesto

developing

countries

lastyearwerethehighestsince2004,totalling$28billion,

oraround60%ofglobalsales.

(TheEconomist)

可供替換的表達：developingeconomies

學生錯誤表達：(1)

developingcountry點評：country應該使用復數(shù)形式countries

3-accesstoaccess之后的to是介詞.

詞典釋義：access['?k.ses]

noun

uncountable

IMPROVER

themethodorpossibilityofgettingneartoaplaceor

person,ortherighttouseorlookatsomething

通道;使用途徑;(接近某地或某人的)機會(或方法);(使用某物的)權利?Theonly

access

to

thevillageisbyboat.

到那個村子去的唯一方法是乘船.?Themain

access

to

(=entranceto)the

buildingisattheside.大樓的主入口在側面.?Thetaxinspector

had/gained

complete

access

to

thecompanyfiles.稅務稽查員擁有／獲得了查看公司所有檔的權利.?Thesystemhasbeendesignedto

give

theuserquick

andeasy

access

to

therequiredinformation.系統(tǒng)旨在方便使用者快速地獲取所需資訊.?Thechildren'sfatherwas

refused

access

to

thematanytime(=refusedofficialpermissiontoseethem).孩子的父親任何時候都無權探視他們.

外刊例句：Mostcompaniesarebetteratgivingemployees

accessto

theinformation

superhighwaythanatteachingthemhowtodrive.Thisisstartingtochange.

Managementconsultantshavespottedanopportunity.

(The

Economist)

替換表達：acquire/obtain

4-holdbackholdback

用來表示阻礙人的發(fā)展或事物的發(fā)展都可以.

詞典釋義：UK

[h??ld]

US

[ho?ld]

verb

(held,

held)

[M]

holdsb/sthback

STOP

DEVELOPMENT

tostopsomeoneor

somethingdevelopingordoingaswellastheyshould

阻礙…的發(fā)展

Shefeltthathavingchildrenwould

hold

herback.她覺得生小孩會阻礙她發(fā)展事業(yè).

STOP

MOVEMENT

Ifyouhold

somethingback,youstopitcomingoradvancing

阻擋,阻止

Sandbagswill

hold

thefloodwatersbackforawhile.

沙包將會擋住洪水一段時間.

外刊例句：Poorpublicservices

hold

back

growth,andastateservingoneethnicityisunlikelytopursue

reforms,likeprivatisationandtradeliberalisation,thatfosterbroad

prosperity.(TheEconomist)

替換表達：bethemainconstraintonsomething/stunt/hobble/strangle

Q：發(fā)展國家的人peopleindevelopingcountries,我用的是peoplefromdevelopingcountries是否一樣呢?A：這里使用peoplein/fromdevelopingcountries都可以.

Q：thelackofwhichhastraditionallyheldback

developingeconomies.那么of的賓語是誰?A：which指代前面提到的highquality

education,這里相當于thelackofhighqualityeducationhas

traditionallyheldbackdevelopingeconomies

Q：lackofwhich能用withoutwhich替代嗎?A：如果使用withoutwhich句子需要調(diào)整為Online

coursesallowpeopleindevelopingcountriestogainaccesstohighquality

education,withoutwhichdevelopingeconomieshasbeentraditionallyheld

back.

Q：老師您好,答案句子中是不是應該加上but等連接詞呀?還是因為thelackofwhich的用法所以不需要加連接詞了呢?A：這里因為用了which連接上下兩句,所以不需要加連詞.如果which改為highqualityeducation,就需要加連詞：Online

coursesallowpeopleindevelopingcountriestogainaccesstohighquality

education,andthelackofhighqualityeducationhastraditionallyheldback

developingeconomies.

2.在時尚產(chǎn)業(yè),不少白領盡管有著高薪水和光鮮頭銜,卻往往勞累過度,睡眠不足.Despitetheirhighsalariesand

impressivetitles(1.光鮮頭銜),manywhite-collarworkersin

thefashionindustry

(2.時尚產(chǎn)業(yè))sufferfrom

burnout

(3.勞累過度)and

sleepdeprivation(4.睡眠不足).

1-impressivetitles

詞典釋義：

impressive[?m'pres.?v]

adjective

IMPROVER

■Ifanobjector

achievementisimpressive,youadmireorrespectit,usuallybecauseitis

special,importantorverylarge

給人深刻印象的;令人欽佩的

?Thatwasan

impressive

performancefromsuch

ayoungtennisplayer.這么年輕的網(wǎng)球選手居然打得那么好.?an

impressive

collectionofmodernpaintings令人贊嘆的現(xiàn)代繪畫收藏品?Therearesomevery

impressive

buildingsin

thetown.鎮(zhèn)上有一些非常雄偉的建筑物.

title

UK

['ta?.tl]

US

[-t?l]

noun

PERSON

人

ADVANCED

countable

awordwhichis

usedbeforesomeone'sname,statingtheirsocialrank,qualifications,

positioninanorganization,sex,etc.

(用于人名前)稱號,稱謂,頭銜,職稱

?What'sher

title

-issheProfessororjustDoctor?

她的頭銜是甚么——是教授或只是博士??Hewillretainthehonorary

titleofnon-executivechairman.他將保留非執(zhí)行主席這個名譽頭銜.?What'syour

job

title

now-areyoumanagingdirector?

你現(xiàn)在的職位是甚么——是總經(jīng)理嗎?

外刊例句：JohnHegarty,whocarriesthe

impressivetitle

ofgroupchairmanandworldwidecreative

directorofBartleBogleHegarty,isamanwithanimpressiveadvertising

heritage.

(TheGuardian)

替換表達：glitteringtitles

學生錯誤表達：(1)

high-profiletitles點評：high-profile一般用于修飾人,比如ahigh-profilepolitician

/publicfigure/company,不可以用來修飾titles(2)

glossyranks點評：rank一般指社會階級或者軍銜,與表示職位的"頭銜”不同.

2-thefashionindustry"thefashionindustry”是"時尚行業(yè)、時尚界”的固定表達.

詞典釋義：industry['?n.d?.stri]

noun

TYPEOFWORK

行業(yè)

ESSENTIAL

countable

■thepeopleand

activitiesinvolvedinonetypeofbusiness

行業(yè)

?thegas/electricity

industry燃氣業(yè)／電力工業(yè)?thetourist

industry旅游業(yè)?manufacturing

industries制造業(yè)?Thecomputer

industry

hasbeenbooming.電腦行業(yè)已經(jīng)日益蓬勃起來了.

外刊例句：Everyonenowknowswhatwillbeindiscerningwardrobes

nextspring：blocksofcolour,boldprintsanddainty"lingerieforfeet”

(formerlyknownasniceshoes).Butthe

fashionindustry's

financialfutureismuchmurkier.(TheEconomist)

替換表達：thefashionworld

學生錯誤表達：(1)fashionalindustry點評：沒有fashional這個單詞,這里應該使用固定搭配thefashion

industry(2)vogueindustry點評：vogueindustry為生造表達,這里應該使用固定搭配thefashion

industry

3-burnoutburnout這里是名詞;burnout作為動詞詞組也有"使……累壞”的含義.

詞典釋義：burn-outUK

['b?：n.a?t]

US

['b?：n-]

noun

uncountable

■extremetiredness

usuallycausedbyworkingtoomuch

極度勞累;疲勞過度

?employeescomplainingof/suffering

burn-out抱怨／感到極度勞累的員工

外刊例句：Striplingsthatspecialisealsohaveahigherriskof

burnout.Theypractisethesamesport

relentlessly,whichcanleavethemfatiguedandstressedintheirearly

teenageyears：theLoyolaUniversitypapercitesevidenceofpsychological

problemsamongjuniorgymnasts,swimmersandtennisplayers.

(The

Economist)

替換表達：exhaustion、desperate/extremetiredness

學生錯誤表達：(1)

overwhelmed點評：overwhelmed含義是"(感情上)難以承受,不知所措的”,不可以用來表示"過度疲勞”.(2)

bewithexhausting點評：沒有bewithexhausting這樣的表達,可以改為beexhausted

4-sleepdeprivation

詞典釋義：deprivation[?dep.r?'ve?.??n]

noun

countable

or

uncountable

whenyoudonothavethingsor

conditionsthatareusuallyconsiderednecessaryforapleasantlife

缺失,缺乏,匱乏?Theyusedsleep

deprivation

asaformoftorture.他們把不讓人睡覺作為一種折磨人的手段.?Thereisawful

deprivation

intheshantytowns.貧民區(qū)的生活條件十分糟糕.?Therewerefoodshortagesandother

deprivations

duringtheCivilWar.南北戰(zhàn)事期間,食品短缺,物資匱乏.

外刊例句：Predictably,

sleep

deprivation

ismostcommonamongnight-shiftsworkers(44%),whomakeup

nearlyaquarterofworkers.Studieshaveshownthatsleepislighterand

shorterinthedaytime,whenmelatoninlevelsdeclineandbodytemperatures

rise.(TheEconomist)

替換表達：lackofsleep/beingshortofsleep

學生錯誤表達：(1)

haveinadequatesleeping點評：sleeping是形容詞,這里應該改為sleep(2)sleepinsufficiency點評：這里應該改為更常見的insufficientsleep

Q：Infashionindustries,manywhitecollarshave

despitehighsalaryandshiningtitles,sometimestheyexhaustedandsleep

deprivation.我總覺得我這個句子翻譯的語序有問題,特別像Chinglish,不想跟老師翻譯的完全一樣,畢竟考試還得靠自己的思維寫句子,不知道錯在哪,也不知道怎么改.A：despitehighsalary這部分可以調(diào)整到句子開頭,theyexhausted應該改為theyfeelexhausted,句子調(diào)整后可以變成：Despitetheirhighsalariesandshiningtitles,manywhitecollar

workersinthefashionindustrysometimesfeelexhaustedandsufferfrom

sleepdeprivation.

Q：睡眠不足用undersleep可以嗎?(字典上能查到這個詞,但是沒有見到相應的用法)A：可以,但要注意這是一個動詞.

Q：老師請問下我們在翻譯的時候可以改變句子中詞的位置嗎比如這一句我就把盡管(though)并沒有放在句首來翻譯,我的翻譯是Inthefashionindustry,thoughacoupleofwhite-collarworkers

havewell-paidsalaryandabrighthonor,theytendtobeoverworkedand

lackinginsleep.這樣可以嗎?A：可以改變though的位置,但放在句首會保險一點.have

well-paidsalaryandabrighthonor應該改為havewell-paid

salariesandimpressivetitles

Q：為啥fashionindustry加the?A：因為industry是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù),the+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)可以泛指某一類事物,thefashionindustry泛指娛樂界,這里也可以寫成fashion

industries

Q：老師您好,比較疑惑前半句的their,不是一般要前面出現(xiàn)過名詞后面才能用代詞嗎?如果只是翻譯句子沒有語境的情況下,只要后半句出現(xiàn)了主語前面就能使用代詞嗎?A：從句中的代詞看主語,而從句又可以放在主句前,所以可以出現(xiàn)代詞先于名詞前出現(xiàn)的情況.

3.如果一個學生從大學畢業(yè)后獲得的僅僅是學位證書,那么用人單位很可能會覺得他們?nèi)狈ι罱?jīng)驗,而且能力太過單一.Ifastudentgraduatesfromuniversitywith

nothingmorethan

(1.僅僅)thedegreecertificate(2.學位證書),employers

arelikelyto

(3.很可能會)feelthattheyare

lackinginlifeexperience

(4.缺乏生活經(jīng)驗)andare

tooone-dimensional(5.能力太過單一).

1-nothingmorethan

詞典釋義：

nothingmorethan

disapproving

■only

僅僅

?HedismissedBryanas

nothing

morethananamateur.

他以布萊恩不過是個業(yè)余愛好者為由,拒絕了他.

外刊例句：Legally,MrPoroshenkomayhaveanexplanation.His

associatessuggest,andsomeexpertsagree,thattheBVIcompanycreatedin

hisnamewas

nothingmorethan

a

vehicleforapre-salerestructuringofRoshen.(TheEconomist)

替換表達：merely/littlemorethan

2-degreecertificatecertificate后常跟介詞of、in.

詞典釋義：2.N-COUNT

可數(shù)名詞

結業(yè)證書;合格證書;文憑

A

certificate

isanofficialdocumentthatyoureceivewhenyouhavecompletedacourseofstudyortraining.Thequalificationthatyoureceiveissometimesalsocalleda

certificate.?Totherightofthefireplacearevariousframed

certificates.壁爐的右邊是各種鑲框的證書.?...thePost-GraduateCertificateofEducation.教育學研究生畢業(yè)證書

外刊例句：Evaluationiscontinuousasstudentsmasterdifferentskills,ratherthanembodiedinasingle

degreecertificate：yourCVprovidesaconstantlyupdatedsummaryoftheskills

thatyouhaveacquired.(TheEconomist)

替換表達：acollege/universitydegree、degree

qualifications

學生錯誤表達：(1)adegreepaper點評：adegreepaper是指制作學位證書的紙,這里應該改為adegreecertificate(2)academicdegree點評：degree本身已經(jīng)有包含academic的含義了,這里可以改為adegree

3-belikelytodo

詞典釋義：likely['la?.kli]

adjective

ESSENTIAL

■describessomethingthatwillprobablyhappenoris

expected

很可能的,可能要發(fā)生的?DoremindmebecauseI'm

likely

to

forget.一定要提醒我,因為我可能會忘記.?What'sthe

likely

outcomeofthiswholebusiness?整宗事件可能會出現(xiàn)甚么結果??Isupposethatmighthappenbutit'snotvery

likely.我認為那樣的事也許會發(fā)生,但可能性不大.?[+

that]It'squite

likely

that

we'llbeinSpainthistimenextyear.明年的這個時候我們很可能會在西班牙.?informal

"Doyouwanttojoinmeonaten-milerun?""

Not

likely

(=certainlynot)!""你想和我一起參加一個十英里賽跑嗎?”"不可能!”

外刊例句：Aseconomiclifehasbecomelesssecure,low-skilledwhitemenhavetendedtowardsunstablecohabitingrelationshipsratherthanmarriages.Theyhaveabandonedtraditionalcommunalreligioninfavourofchurchesthatemphasisepersonalidentity.Andtheyhavebecomemore

likelyto

stopworking,orlooking

forwork,entirely.(TheEconomist)

替換表達：Theodds/Chancesarethat...、inall

probability、Itisverypossible/likelythat...、more/mostlikely

4-belackinginlifeexperiencelack既可以作及物動詞也可以作不及物動詞,作不及物動詞時的用法是lackin

something;作名詞時的用法是lackofsomething

詞典釋義：2.V-ERG

及物/不及物動詞

缺少;欠缺;沒有

Ifyousaythatsomeoneorsomethinglacks

aparticularqualityorthataparticularquality

islacking

inthem,youmeanthattheydonothaveanyorenoughofit.

【語法信息】：Vn

【語法信息】：V?It

lackedthepoweroftheItaliancars...它沒有意大利轎車動力強勁.?He

lackedthejudgmentandpoliticalacumenforthepostofchairman...他欠缺做主席應具備的判斷力和政治敏銳度.

?Certainvitalinformationis

lackinginthereport.該報告缺少某些關鍵信息.我自己補充一點：

Lackverb

1.Ttonothavesomethingthatyouneed,ornothaveenoughofit沒有;缺乏：?Alex'srealproblemisthathelacksconfidence.亞歷克斯的真正問題是缺乏信心.?Donotusetheverblackbefore'in'or'of'.動詞lack后面不要用in或of：?Welackideas(NOTWelackin/ofideas).我們沒有主意.However,youcanusethephrasesbelackinginandalackof.但是可以用belackingin和alackof：

?WearelackinginideasOR或Wehavealackofideas.外刊例句：Yetheknowsthatchangemustcome,andfast.Hehas

injectednewenergyintogovernment,andistakinghugegambles.Whathe

lacksinexperience

andforeign

travel,hecompensatesforwithconfidence,focusandabatteryof

consultants’reports.(TheEconomist)

替換表達：belessexperiencedaboutlife(e.g.PerhapsI'mabit

moreexperiencedaboutlife

thanmy

contemporaries.)

學生錯誤表達：(1)

lackoflivingexperience點評：livingexperience應改為lifeexperience,注意此時lack是名詞,不是動詞.

5-tooone-dimensionaldimension的本意是"維度、方面”,這里的"(人的能力)單一”取的是延伸義.

詞典釋義：countable

■apartorfeature

orwayofconsideringsomething

層面,維度;特點

?Hispersonalityhasseveral

dimensions.

他是個有多重性格的人.?Theseweaponsadda

new

dimensiontomodernwarfare.這些武器為現(xiàn)代戰(zhàn)爭增添了一個新的特點.?Thereisaspiritual

dimension

toherpoetry.

她的詩還有一個精神層面.

外刊例句：Denmark'sCarolineWozniackihasbeenrankednumberonein

theworldforoverayearwithoutwinningasinglegrandslamtournament.

Aboveall,women'stennisiscriticisedforbeing

one-dimensional

anddulltowatch.Coulditsformatbeatleast

partlytoblame?

(TheEconomist)

學生錯誤表達：(1)

toosingle點評：single是指"單一的;單身的”,不能表示"能力單一的”.(2)simplifyingcapability點評：simplify含義是"使簡化,使簡單”,沒有simplifying

capability的說法.

Q：tooone-dimensional這個詞就比較陌生,查字典來看主要表示乏味的,無變化的.不是很確定在這里是否適用.沒有查到形容人的用法.A：可以形容人,參考《紐約時報》例句：

Thestudents,thoughequally

one-dimensional,arerealizedwithmorehellishintensity.(The

NewYorkTimes)

Q：Ifastudentgraduatesfromuniversitywithnothing

morethanthedegreecertificate,employersarelikelytofeelthattheyare

lackinginlifeexperienceandaretooone-dimensional.and后面的are可以去掉寫成andtooone-dimensional嗎?A：可以去掉,但還是建議加上,以防止出現(xiàn)歧義.

4.實踐課程能夠幫助學生解決現(xiàn)實生活中的問題,在為學生就業(yè)做準備方面方面優(yōu)于理論課程,因此也是學校課程重要的組成部分.Practicalcourses(1.實踐課程),whichenablestudentsto

solvereal-worldproblems(2.解決實現(xiàn)生活中的問題),are

superiorto

(3.優(yōu)于)theoreticalcourses

(4.理論課程)inpreparingstudentsforthejobmarketandshouldthus

formanimportantpartof

(5.……的重要組成部分)theschoolcurriculum(6.學校課程).

1-practicalcourses

詞典釋義：practical['pr?k.t?.k?l]

adjective

EXPERIENCE

經(jīng)驗

IMPROVER

■relatingtoexperience,realsituationsoractionsrather

thanideasorimagination

實際的;實做的;有實際經(jīng)驗的

?Qualificationsareimportantbut

practical

experience

isalwaysanadvantage.資歷固然重要,但實際經(jīng)驗總是個優(yōu)勢.?Theserviceoffersyoungpeople

practical

adviceonfindingajob.這項服務為年輕人提供就業(yè)方面的實用建議.?What'stheuseoftheoreticalknowledgethathasno

practicalapplication?

理論知識如果沒有實際應用又有甚么用呢?

例句：Thenot-for-profitorganisationsaysthat100%ofthe

studentswhoundergoitsshort,

practical

courses

immediatelygetadecentjoband98%stillhaveitthreemonths

later,whichshowsthatmuchcanbedoneiftheproblemistackledsensibly.

Evenso,broadereducationalreformisbadlyneeded.

(The

Economist)

學生錯誤表達：(1)

practicecourses點評："實踐課程”應該是practicalcourses

2-solvereal-worldproblems

詞典釋義：realworld1.N-SING

單數(shù)名詞

真實的世界;現(xiàn)實世界;現(xiàn)實生活

Ifyoutalkabout

therealworld,you

arereferringtotheworldandlifeingeneral,incontrasttoaparticular

person'sownlife,experience,andideas,whichmayseemuntypicaland

unrealistic.

【搭配模式】：theN?Whentheyeventuallyleavetheschooltheywillbetotally

ill-equippedtodealwiththe

real

world...當他們最終離開學校的時候,他們沒掌握什么實際技能,難以應對現(xiàn)實世界.?IwasOlympicchampionbutIhadtogooutintothe

realworld

andworkforaliving.我是奧運冠軍,但是我不得不走進現(xiàn)實生活工作謀生.

外刊例句：India'sbestuniversities—theIndianInstitutesof

Technology—areworldclass,butthereareonly16ofthem.Manyuniversities

turnoutgraduateswhoaregoodatexamsbutunaccustomedtothinkingabout

real-worldproblems.Employerstrain

themformonths,atgreatexpense.Thentheyareruthlesslypoachedby

rivals.(TheEconomist)

替換表達：real-lifeproblems

學生錯誤表達：(1)

solverealityproblems點評：沒有realityproblems這個表達,這里可以改為real-life/real-world

problems

3-besuperiortosthto為介詞,且superior沒有比較級.

詞典釋義：superior

●●●○○1.ADJ-GRADED

能被表示程度的副詞或介詞詞組修飾的形容詞

比…好的;比…強的;優(yōu)于…的

Ifonethingorpersonis

superiorto

another,

thefirstisbetterthanthesecond.【搭配模式】：oftADJton?Wehavearelationshipinfinitely

superior

tothoseofmanyofourfriends...我們的關系要比我們其他許多朋友的關系好得多.?...awomangreatly

superior

toherhusbandineducationandsensitivity...學歷和悟性都比她丈夫高出許多的女人

?Long-termstockmarketinvestmentshaveproduced

superior

returnscomparedwithcashdeposits.股票市場長期投資的收益比現(xiàn)金存款要高.

外刊例句：Forallitsfaultssocialism

is

manifestly

superiorto

capitalisminonearea：themakingofmyths.Capitalistscanneverequalthe

emotionalappealofsocialism'smartyredheroes.AynRand,however,isa

conspicuousexceptiontothisrule.(TheEconomist)

替換表達：outclass/surpass/beacutabovesomething

學生錯誤表達：(1)

priorto點評：priorto是"先于……”的意思,這里應改為superiorto

4-theoreticalcourses

詞典釋義：theoretical

●●○○○1.ADJ

形容詞

(研究、解釋)理論的,理論性的

A

theoretical

studyor

explanationisbasedonorusestheideasandabstractprinciplesthatrelate

toaparticularsu