新教材2025屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪專項(xiàng)分層特訓(xùn)卷第一部分專題強(qiáng)化練專題一閱讀理解高考真題典例二推理判斷題

高考真題典例(二)推理推斷題eq\x(Passage1)[2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅰ，B]WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria(細(xì)菌)?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causingchemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastethewaynaturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.ThetaskJohnsetforhimselfwastoremoveharmfulsubstancesfromsomesludge(污泥).First,heconstructedaseriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnectedtoeachother.Thenhewentaroundtolocalpondsandstreamsandbroughtbacksomeplantsandanimals.Heplacedtheminthetanksandwaited.Littlebylittle,thesedifferentkindsoflifegotusedtooneanotherandformedtheirownecosystem.Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheeco-machinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouse-likefacilitythattreatedsewage(污水)from1，600homesinSouthBurlington.Healsodesignedaneco-machinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.“Ecologicaldesign”isthenameJohngivestowhathedoes.“LifeonEarthiskindofaboxofsparepartsfortheinventor，”hesays.“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat'shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoself-repair.”1．WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A．Hewasfondoftraveling.B．Heenjoyedbeingalone.C．Hehadaninquiringmind.D．Helongedtobeadoctor.2．WhydidJohnputthesludgeintothetanks?A．Tofeedtheanimals.B．Tobuildanecosystem.C．Toprotecttheplants.D．Totesttheeco-machine.3．Whatistheauthor'spurposeinmentioningFuzhou?A．ToreviewJohn'sresearchplans.B．ToshowanapplicationofJohn'sidea.C．TocompareJohn'sdifferentjobs.D．ToerasedoubtsaboutJohn'sinvention.4．WhatisthebasisforJohn'swork?A．Naturecanrepairitself.B．Organismsneedwatertosurvive.C．LifeonEarthisdiverse.D．Mosttinycreaturesliveingroups.eq\x(Passage2)[2024·新課標(biāo)Ⅱ，D]Ascitiesballoonwithgrowth,accesstonatureforpeoplelivinginurbanareasisbecominghardertofind.Ifyou'relucky,theremightbeapocketparknearwhereyoulive,butit'sunusualtofindplacesinacitythatarerelativelywild.Pastresearchhasfoundhealthandwellnessbenefitsofnatureforhumans,butanewstudyshowsthatwildnessinurbanareasisextremelyimportantforhumanwell-being.Theresearchteamfocusedonalargeurbanpark.Theysurveyedseveralhundredpark-goers,askingthemtosubmitawrittensummaryonlineofameaningfulinteractiontheyhadwithnatureinthepark.Theresearchersthenexaminedthesesubmissions,coding(編碼)experiencesintodifferentcategories.Forexample,oneparticipant'sexperienceof“Wesatandlistenedtothewavesatthebeachforawhile”wasassignedthecategories“sittingatbeach”and“l(fā)isteningtowaves.”Acrossthe320submissions,apatternofcategoriestheresearcherscalla“naturelanguage”begantoemerge.Afterthecodingofallsubmissions,halfadozencategorieswerenotedmostoftenasimportanttovisitors.Theseincludeencounteringwildlife,walkingalongtheedgeofwater,andfollowinganestablishedtrail.Namingeachnatureexperiencecreatesausablelanguage,whichhelpspeoplerecognizeandtakepartintheactivitiesthataremostsatisfyingandmeaningfultothem.Forexample,theexperienceofwalkingalongtheedgeofwatermightbesatisfyingforayoungprofessionalonaweekendhikeinthepark.Backdowntownduringaworkday,theycanenjoyamoredomesticformofthisinteractionbywalkingalongafountainontheirlunchbreak.“We'retryingtogeneratealanguagethathelpsbringthehuman-natureinteractionsbackintoourdailylives.Andforthattohappen,wealsoneedtoprotectnaturesothatwecaninteractwithit，”saidPeterKahn,aseniorauthorofthestudy.5．Whatphenomenondoestheauthordescribeatthebeginningofthetext?A．Pocketparksarenowpopular.B．Wildnatureishardtofindincities.C．Manycitiesareoverpopulated.D．Peopleenjoylivingclosetonature.6．Whydidtheresearcherscodeparticipantsubmissionsintocategories?A．Tocomparedifferenttypesofpark-goers.B．Toexplainwhytheparkattractstourists.C．Toanalyzethemainfeaturesofthepark.D．Tofindpatternsinthevisitors'summaries.7．WhatcanwelearnfromtheexamplegiveninParagraph5?A．Walkingisthebestwaytogainaccesstonature.B.Youngpeoplearetoobusytointeractwithnature.C.Thesamenatureexperiencetakesdifferentforms.D.Thenaturelanguageenhancesworkperformance.8．WhatshouldbedonebeforewecaninteractwithnatureaccordingtoKahn?A．Languagestudy.B．Environmentalconservation.C．Publiceducation.D．Interculturalcommunication.[答題區(qū)]題號(hào)12345678答案高考真題典例（二）推理推斷題Passage1【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講解并描述了JohnTodd從小就很愛思索且好學(xué)，他建立了一個(gè)生態(tài)機(jī)器，利用大自然可以自我修復(fù)的原理來(lái)凈化污水。1．答案與解析：C細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段“WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Adirtystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.（當(dāng)約翰·托德還是個(gè)孩子的時(shí)候，他喜愛探究房子四周的樹林，視察大自然是如何解決問(wèn)題的。例如，一條骯臟的小溪流經(jīng)植物和微小生物居住的巖石后，往往會(huì)變得澄澈。長(zhǎng)大后，約翰起先想知道這個(gè)過(guò)程是否可以用來(lái)清理人們制造的垃圾）”以及其次段“Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria（細(xì)菌）？Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancercausingchemicals?（在高校學(xué)習(xí)了農(nóng)業(yè)、醫(yī)學(xué)和漁業(yè)之后，約翰回到了視察自然和提出問(wèn)題的生活中。為什么某些植物能捕獲有害細(xì)菌？哪些魚類會(huì)食用致癌化學(xué)物質(zhì)？）”可知，約翰聰穎好學(xué)、新奇心很強(qiáng)。故選C。2．答案與解析：D細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段“Afterafewweeks,Johnaddedthesludge.（幾個(gè)星期后，約翰把污泥加了進(jìn)去）”以及倒數(shù)第三段“Hewasamazedattheresults.Theplantsandanimalsintheecomachinetookthesludgeasfoodandbegantoeatit!Withinweeks,ithadallbeendigested,andallthatwasleftwaspurewater.（他對(duì)結(jié)果感到驚異。生態(tài)機(jī)器里的動(dòng)植物把污泥當(dāng)成了食物，起先吃了起來(lái)！幾周之內(nèi)，它就完全被消化了，只剩下純凈水）”可知，約翰把污泥放進(jìn)罐子里是為了測(cè)試生態(tài)機(jī)器。故選D。3．答案與解析：B推理推斷題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段“Overtheyears,Johnhastakenonmanybigjobs.Hedevelopedagreenhouselikefacilitythattreatedsewage（污水）from1，600homesinSouthBurlington.HealsodesignedanecomachinetocleancanalwaterinFuzhou,acityinsoutheastChina.（這些年來(lái)，約翰擔(dān)當(dāng)了很多重大工作。他開發(fā)了一個(gè)類似溫室的設(shè)施，可以處理來(lái)自南伯靈頓1600戶家庭的污水。他還設(shè)計(jì)了一種生態(tài)機(jī)器來(lái)清潔中國(guó)東南部城市福州的運(yùn)輸河水）”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示約翰想法的應(yīng)用。故選B。4．答案與解析：A推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段“Youputorganismsinnewrelationshipsandobservewhat'shappening.Thenyouletthesenewsystemsdeveloptheirownwaystoselfrepair.（你把微生物放在新的關(guān)系中，并視察要發(fā)生的事情。然后讓這些新系統(tǒng)形成它們自己的自我修復(fù)的方式）”可知，約翰工作的基礎(chǔ)是自然可以自我修復(fù)。故選A。Passage2【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。城市化讓人們?cè)絹?lái)越難以接觸到自然，但一項(xiàng)新探討發(fā)覺城市中的野生自然對(duì)人類健康和華蜜感具有重要影響。探討團(tuán)隊(duì)對(duì)一座大型城市公園的游客進(jìn)行調(diào)查，發(fā)覺與野生自然的互動(dòng)可以創(chuàng)建出一種可用的語(yǔ)言，幫助人們相識(shí)和參加最令人滿足和有意義的活動(dòng)。該探討呼吁愛護(hù)城市中的野生自然。5．答案與解析：B細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段內(nèi)容“Ascitiesballoonwithgrowth,accesstonatureforpeoplelivinginurbanareasisbecominghardertofind.Ifyou'relucky,theremightbeapocketparknearwhereyoulive,butit'sunusualtofindplacesinacitythatarerelativelywild.（隨著城市的飛速發(fā)展，生活在城市地區(qū)的人們?cè)絹?lái)越難以接近大自然。假如你幸運(yùn)的話，你住的地方旁邊可能會(huì)有一個(gè)袖珍公園，但在城市里找到相對(duì)自然的地方是罕見的）”可知，文章開頭作者講解并描述了一種現(xiàn)象，在城市里，人們很難找到野生的自然。故選B。6．答案與解析：D推理推斷題。題干問(wèn)的是探討人員將參加者提交的文件分類的緣由。依據(jù)第四段第一句話“Acrossthe320submissions,apatternofcategories...begantoemerge.（在320份提交的材料中，一種被探討人員稱為‘自然語(yǔ)言’的類別模式起先出現(xiàn)）”可知，探討人員這樣做是為了從訪客的總結(jié)材料中找出類別規(guī)律。故選D。7．答案與解析：C推理推斷題。依據(jù)第五段內(nèi)容“Namingeachnatureexperiencecreatesausablelanguage,whichhelpspeoplerecognizeandtakepartintheactivitiesthataremostsatisfyingandmeaningfultothem.Forexample,theexperience