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推理推斷類A(2024·河南省新將來聯(lián)盟高考考前模擬)ThehugestructuresofancientRomehavesurvivedforthousandsofyears—atestamenttotheabilitiesandwisdomofRomanengineers,whoperfectedtheuseofconcrete.ButhowdidtheirconstructionmaterialshelpkeepgrandbuildingslikethePantheon(萬神殿)(whichhastheworld'slargestunreinforceddome)andtheColosseum(斗獸場)standingformorethan2,000years?Romanconcrete,inmanycases,hasproventobelonger-lastingthanmodernconcrete,whichcanworsenwithindecades.Now,scientistsbehindanewstudysaytheyhaveuncoveredthemysteryingredientthatallowedtheRomanstomaketheirconstructionmaterialsodurableandbuildsplendidstructuresinchallengingplacessuchasdocks,sewersandearthquakezones.Thestudyteam,includingresearchersfromtheUnitedStates,ItalyandSwitzerland,analyzed2,000-year-oldconcretesamplesthatweretakenfromacitywallatthearchaeologicalsiteofPrivernum,incentralItaly,andaresimilarincompositiontootherconcretefoundthroughouttheRomanEmpire.Theyfoundthatwhitechunks(塊)intheconcrete,referredtoaslimeclasts(石灰碎屑),gavetheconcretetheabilitytohealcracksthatformedovertime.Thewhitechunkspreviouslyhadbeenoverlookedasevidenceofcarelessmixingorpoor-qualityrawmaterial.Thenewfindingcouldhelpmakemanufacturingtoday'sconcretemoresustainable,potentiallyshakingupsocietyastheRomansoncedid.“ConcreteallowedtheRomanstohaveanarchitecturalrevolution,”Masicsaid,“Romanswereabletocreateandturnthecitiesintosomethingthatisextraordinaryandbeautifultolivein.Andthatrevolutionbasicallychangedcompletelythewayhumanslive.”1.WhydoestheauthormentionthePantheonandtheColosseum?A.ToexpressrespecttoRomans.B.Tointroducethetopicofthetext.C.ToshowthewisdomofRomanengineers.D.ToprovetheuniquenessofRomanarchitecture.2.WhatmakeRomanarchitecturestandformorethan2,000yearsaccordingtothefinding?A.Complicatedmixingskills.B.Splendidarchitecturalstructures.C.Challenginglocationsofthebuildings.D.WhitechunksinancientRomanconcrete.3.WhatdoesMasicthinkofthenewfinding?A.Important. B.Valueless.C.Unexpected. D.Doubtful.4.Inwhichsectionofanewspapercanwefindthetext?A.Education. B.Travel.C.Science. D.Lifestyle.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章講解并描述了科學(xué)家揭開古羅馬建筑千年不衰的隱私。1.B推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段“ThehugestructuresofancientRomehavesurvivedforthousandsofyears—atestamenttotheabilitiesandwisdomofRomanengineers,whoperfectedtheuseofconcrete.ButhowdidtheirconstructionmaterialshelpkeepgrandbuildingslikethePantheon(萬神殿)(whichhastheworld'slargestunreinforceddome)andtheColosseum(斗獸場)standingformorethan2,000years?(古羅馬的巨大建筑保存了數(shù)千年——這是羅馬工程師的實力和才智的證明,他們完善了混凝土的運用。但是,他們的建筑材料是如何幫助像萬神殿(擁有世界上最大的無加固圓頂)和羅馬斗獸場這樣的雄偉建筑矗立2000多年的呢?)”可知,作者在第一段列舉這兩座建筑物是為了引出本文要探討的話題:為什么古羅馬建筑能千年不衰?故選B。2.D細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段“Theyfoundthatwhitechunks(塊)intheconcrete,referredtoaslimeclasts(石灰碎屑),gavetheconcretetheabilitytohealcracksthatformedovertime.Thewhitechunkspreviouslyhadbeenoverlookedasevidenceofcarelessmixingorpoor-qualityrawmaterial.(他們發(fā)覺混凝土中的白色塊狀物,被稱為石灰碎屑,使混凝土能夠愈合隨著時間的推移而形成的裂縫。這些白色的塊狀物質(zhì)之前始終被忽視,被認(rèn)為是混合不當(dāng)或原料質(zhì)量低劣的證據(jù)。)”可知,依據(jù)這項發(fā)覺,古羅馬混凝土中的白色塊狀物使羅馬建筑矗立了2000多年。故選D。3.A推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段“Thenewfindingcouldhelpmakemanufacturingtoday'sconcretemoresustainable,potentiallyshakingupsociety(這項新發(fā)覺可能有助于使今日的混凝土制造業(yè)更具可持續(xù)性,可能會變更社會)”可知,Masic認(rèn)為新的發(fā)覺特別重要。故選A。4.C語篇出處題。依據(jù)文章主要內(nèi)容“科學(xué)家揭開古羅馬建筑千年不衰的隱私”以及關(guān)鍵詞“Thestudyteam”和“Thenewfinding”等可以推想出文章出自報紙的科學(xué)板塊。故選C。B(2024·四川省涼山州高三一模)Wearenaturallydrawntofriendsandcolleagueswithfamiliarvoices,scientistshavefound.Peoplepreferthosewhohaveasimilaraccent,intonationandtoneofvoicetothemselves,theydiscovered.Previousresearchhasfocusedonhowamaleorfemalevoicesounds.Menwithdeepervoicesandwomenwithslightlyhighervoiceswerethoughttosoundmoreattractive.Butthenewstudy,publishedbyalinguistinCanada,suggeststhereisamorecomplexmechanism(機制)atplay.Dr.MollyBabel,fromtheUniversityofBritishColumbiainCanada,said,“Thevoiceisanamazinglyflexibletoolthatweusetoconstructouridentity.Veryfewthingsinourvoicesarechangeless,sowefeltthatourpreferencehadtobeaboutmorethanaperson'sshapeandsize.”Sherecorded30volunteers'voicesandaskedeachtoratetheothers'attractivenessonascaleofonetonine.EachparticipantwasfromWesternAmerica,withsimilaraccents.Thepeopleweassessedwereallinthesamedialectgroup,buttheyshoweddifferentdegrees.“Weseemtolikepeoplewhosevoicesarelikeourvoices,andwelikepeoplewhofitwithinwhatweknow,”Dr.Babelsaid.Shealsofoundthatbreathyvoicesinwomen—typifiedbythefamousAmericanactressMarilynMonroe—wereseenasmoreattractive.Thebreathytone,causedbyyoungerandthinnervocalcords(聲帶),impliedyouthfulnessandhealth.Acreakyvoice,suggestingapersonhasacoldoristired,wasseenasunattractive.Theparticipantpreferredmenwhospokewithashorteraveragewordlengthanddeepervoices.5.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto.A.comparemalevoiceswithfemalevoicesB.informreadersofthenewfindingsofvoicesC.encouragementousedeepervoicestospeakD.ratepeople'svoicesonascaleofonetonine6.Intermsofvoicepreferences,thenewfindingsstress.A.bodysizeandshapeB.a(chǎn)shorterwordlengthC.thesamesocialgroupsD.thickervocalcords7.Dr.MollyBabelmentionsMarilynMonroeinorderto.A.introduceapopularfilmstarB.explainabreathyvoiceC.questionpreviousresearchD.convincepeopleofhercharm8.Whosevoicemaybeattractiveaccordingtothepassage?A.Ayoungladywiththinvoice.B.Anoldladywiththickvoice.C.Adeep-voicedmanwithadrythroat.D.Alittlemanwithaquietandgentlevoice.【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講了科學(xué)探討表明我們會很自然地被熟識的嗓音所吸引,人們更傾向于類似的腔調(diào),而語言學(xué)家也表明其中有更困難的機制在里面。5.B推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段“Peoplepreferthosewhohaveasimilaraccent,intonationandtoneofvoicetothemselves,theydiscovered.(他們發(fā)覺,人們更喜愛那些腔調(diào)、語調(diào)和語調(diào)與自己相像的人。)”和第三段“Butthenewstudy,publishedbyalinguistinCanada,suggeststhereisamorecomplexmechanism(機制)atplay.(但加拿大一位語言學(xué)家發(fā)表的這項新探討表明,其中有一個更困難的機制在起作用。)”可知,這篇文章的寫作目的主要是為了讓讀者了解到一項關(guān)于人的嗓音的最新探討發(fā)覺。故選B。6.C細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段“Peoplepreferthosewhohaveasimilaraccent,intonationandtoneofvoicetothemselves,theydiscovered.(他們發(fā)覺,人們更喜愛那些腔調(diào)、語調(diào)和語調(diào)與自己相像的人。)”和第四段“Thepeopleweassessedwereallinthesamedialectgroup,buttheyshoweddifferentdegrees.(我們評估的人都處于同一方言群體,但他們表現(xiàn)出不同的程度。)”可知,關(guān)于人們對嗓音的偏好,新探討強調(diào)對運用同一種方言的社會群體進(jìn)行評價。故選C。7.B推理推斷題。依據(jù)第五段“Shealsofoundthatbreathyvoicesinwomen—typifiedbythefamousAmericanactressMarilynMonroe—wereseenasmoreattractive.(她還發(fā)覺女性帶氣音的說話聲,如美國聞名女演員瑪麗蓮·夢露為代表的女性,被認(rèn)為更有吸引力。)”可知,以人們耳熟能詳?shù)拿餍菫槔?,更形象生動地向讀者說明什么是帶有氣音的說話聲。故選B。8.A推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段“Menwithdeepervoicesandwomenwithslightlyhighervoiceswerethoughttosoundmoreattractive.(人們認(rèn)為聲音低沉的男性和聲音稍高的女性聽起來更有吸引力。)”可知,一位年輕的女士假如嗓音比較尖細(xì),那人們會認(rèn)為她的聲音很迷人。故選A。C(2024·湖南省張家界市高三二模)SCHOOLSPONSORSHIPSponsorTeenInk'sfuturemagazinesforanyspecificschoolorregionthatisimportanttoyouandbringyourmessagetoalargeaudienceofstudents,parentsandteachers.Wewillprintyournameonthecoverofeachissueeverymonth.Call(617)964-6800fordetailsandcost.Howschoolsponsorshipworks:·Youselecttheschools—asmanyasyouwant—toreceivefutureTeenInkmagazines.·Yourcompany'snamewillappearonthecoverofeverymonthlyissuefortheschoolsyousponsor.·Yourtotalcostforafullyearisonly$195perschoolfor30copiesamonth—that's300copiesperschoolyear.Advantagesforyourorganization:·Yourmessagereachesalargeaudienceofstudents,parentsandteachers,whichtellsthemyoucareaboutteens,theirvoicesandtheireducation.·Wecontacttheschoolsexplainingyoursponsorshipandyoursupportofteensinthecommunity.·Weshipthemagazinesdirectlytotheschools.Thereisnoextraworkorexpenseforyou.·Youwillbeworkingwithanorganizationthathas14-yearexperiencewithteens,schoolsandeducators.Advantagesforthestudentsyousponsor:·Teensareconnectedwiththeirpeersnationwideataplacethatisspecificallytheirs.Studentshavetheopportunitytosubmittheirworkforpublishinginourmagazine,bookseriesandwebsite. ·Studentsgainimportantreading,writingandcommunicationskillsnecessaryforsuccessinschoolandtheworkplace.9.WhatwillmotivateacompanytosponsorTeenInk?A.Highprofit. B.Zerocost.C.Publicreputation. D.Specificmagazines.10.Whatbenefitcanthesponsoredstudentsget?A.Moreattentionfromthepublic.B.Greateraccesstobigcompanies.C.Agoodpriceforthemagazines.D
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