被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的翻譯

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的翻譯被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)廣泛地出現(xiàn)在科技英語(yǔ)中，主要取決于如下情況。1)不必或無(wú)法說(shuō)出主動(dòng)者。Thebook

has

already

beentranslated

intomanylanguages.該書(shū)已譯成好幾種語(yǔ)言。Foralongtimealuminium

hasbeenthought

asaneffectivematerialforpreventingmetalcorrosion.長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)，鋁被當(dāng)作一種有效地防止金屬腐蝕的材料。

2)強(qiáng)調(diào)行為對(duì)象，而非行為者，將行為對(duì)象作為句子的主語(yǔ)。Theworkmust

befinished

atonce.該項(xiàng)工作必須馬上完成。Threemachinescan

becontrolled

byasingleoperation.三臺(tái)機(jī)器能由一個(gè)操作者操縱。

3)為了更好地連接上下文。

Theyaregoingtobuildalibraryherenextyear.Itisgoingto

bebuilt

besidetheclassroom

building.

他們準(zhǔn)備明年在這兒建一座圖書(shū)館，就建在教學(xué)樓旁邊。一、譯為主動(dòng)句Therobotsifterhasbeenputintouse.自動(dòng)篩機(jī)已投入使用。Theseedsaresownononesideofpanels,andtherootsaresprayedwithfertilizersolution.種子播撒在鑲板的一個(gè)面上，根用肥料溶液進(jìn)行噴灑。Defectsinweldscanbedefected

bynondestructivetestingmethods.無(wú)損檢驗(yàn)法可探查焊縫內(nèi)的缺陷。二、譯為被動(dòng)句“被”、“受到”、“遭到”、“得到”、“叫”、“稱(chēng)”、“讓”、“給”、“加以”、“為……所”Thisinformationwillbeencodedinaradiosignalandbeamedtotheunitsburiedintheroad.這一信息被譯成無(wú)線電信號(hào)，發(fā)射給埋在道路下的電子裝置。Theleakageofsteamshouldbepaidattentionto.蒸汽泄露的問(wèn)題應(yīng)予以重視。三、譯為無(wú)主句動(dòng)詞前加“把”、“使”、“將”、“對(duì)”等詞。

If

a10-kilogramboxisliftedonemetertheworkdoneis10kilogram-meter.

如果把已知10千克的箱子升高1米，則所做的功為10克/千米。Whenlargemotorsarerequiredorwhenpowersupplyislimited,thewound-rotormotorisused.當(dāng)需要大功率電動(dòng)機(jī)或電源受限制時(shí)，則使用線繞式轉(zhuǎn)子電動(dòng)機(jī)。四、譯成判斷句

Currentlymostsolarcellsaremadefromcrystalsofhigh-puritysilicon.目前，絕大多數(shù)太陽(yáng)能電池是用高純度的硅晶體制成的。Itisfoundthat…據(jù)發(fā)現(xiàn)Itissaidthat…據(jù)說(shuō)Itisreportedthat…據(jù)報(bào)道Itisillustratedthat…據(jù)圖示（據(jù)說(shuō)明）Itmustbeadmittedthat…必須承認(rèn)Itismustbepointedthat…必須指出Itiswillbeseenfromthisthat…由此可見(jiàn)Itwasestimatedthat…據(jù)估計(jì)

Itiswellknownthat…眾所周知Itisbelievedthat…人們相信Itistakenthat…人們認(rèn)為Itisnotedthat…人們注意到，有人指出Itisgenerallyconsideredthat…人們普遍認(rèn)為

Asoil

is

found

deepintheground,itspresence

cannotbedetermined

byastudyofthesurface.Consequently,ageologicalsurveyoftheundergroundrocksstructure

mustbecarriedout.Ifit

is

thought

thattherocksinacertainareacontainoil,a

“drillingrig”

is

assembled.Themostobviouspartofadrillingrig

is

called

“aderrick”.Itis

used

toliftsectionsofpipe,which

arelowered

intothehole

made

bythedrill.Asthehole

isbeingdrilled,asteelpipe

is

pusheddown

topreventthesidesformfallingin.Ifoil

is

struck

acover

is

firmly

fixed

tothetopofthepipeandtheoilisallowedtoescapethroughaseriesofvalves.

石油埋藏于地層深處。因此，僅靠研究地層表面，無(wú)法確定有無(wú)石油，必須勘探地下的巖層結(jié)構(gòu)。如果確定某一區(qū)域的巖石層藏有石油，就在該處安裝鉆機(jī)。它的主要部件是機(jī)架，用以撐架一節(jié)一節(jié)的鋼管，讓其下到孔井。一邊鉆井，一邊下鋼管，以防孔壁坍塌。一旦出油，就緊固管蓋，讓油從各個(gè)閥門(mén)噴出。Alongmetalbarisfixedinaresortstandbyoneend.Theotherendisheatedinaflameuntilitbecomesred.Thebarandthestand