詞的選擇課件

詞的選擇——漢譯英技巧之一4.1詞的選擇漢詞英譯大比拼！非金屬非人非正式反常反封建反證無理無禮無視無恥無窮無名超自然超短波超聲波副產(chǎn)品Non-metalinhumanunofficialabnormalAnti-feudaldisproofunreasonableimpolitedisregardshamelessboundlessunknownsupernaturalUltra-shortwaveSupersonicwaveby-product4.1詞的選擇漢英詞義關(guān)系1correspondence相符回扣自費(fèi)出版廣播講話尾燈尾隨束緊腰帶法人實(shí)體民族自尊打白條知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)Brokerage/commissionNationaldignityRadioaddressTaillightTotail/tagafterTotightenone’sbeltLegalentityVanitypressTopaysb.IOUsIntellectualpropertyrights4.1詞的選擇Falsefriend/correspondence鹽水：saltwater學(xué)英語歌：tostudyEnglishsongs一層厚厚的黃土：alayerofthickloess簡(jiǎn)單的說：simplyspeaking強(qiáng)硬政策：strongpolicy實(shí)現(xiàn)自給自足：toachieveself-sufficiency好票：goodtickets!SaltsolutionTolearn…Athicklayerof…ToputitsimplyToughpolicyToreachself-sufficiencyGoodseats!P102-1054.1詞的選擇2inclusion包孕風(fēng)室內(nèi)風(fēng)室外風(fēng)draughtwind4.1詞的選擇汽車bustruckMini-bustaxi酒SpiritsliquorwinebeerRicewine4.1詞的選擇胡子beavermoustachewhiskersbeard湯TomatosoupBeefbrothGinsengdecoction`4.1詞的選擇3intersection交叉騎馬騎自行車騎墻糧油價(jià)格糧油票軍糧請(qǐng)買票售票處普通客票行李票檢票員治國(guó)治家治山治水治沙治愈傷痕TorideahorseTorideabikeTositonthefenceGrainandedibleoilpricesGrainandedibleoilcouponArmyprovisionsAllfares,please.BookingofficeTotransformmountainandtamewatercheckpuncherToadministeracountryTomanageahouseholdOrdinaryticketSandcontrolTohealthewounds4.1詞的選擇4zero空缺我屬雞，我從來不吃雞。雞年是我的本命年。IwasbornintheYearoftheRooster.Inevereatchicken.TheyearoftheRoosterwillbringmegoodluckorbadluck.(Chinesepeopletraditionallyuse12animals,representingthe12EarthlyBranches,tosymbolizetheyearinwhichapersonisborn.SpringFestival1993isthefirstdayoftheYearoftheRooster.Allotheryearsoftherooster,accordingtoanoldChinesesaying,becomeeithergood-or-bad-luckyearsforthem.)4.1詞的選擇詞義的正確選擇首先取決于對(duì)原文的確切理解，而對(duì)原文詞義的確切理解又取決于對(duì)原文上下文的推敲。有些詞看起來很簡(jiǎn)單，翻譯時(shí)一下子就會(huì)想到常用的對(duì)應(yīng)詞。但往往最常用的對(duì)應(yīng)詞卻不能準(zhǔn)確地表達(dá)原作的意思。4.1詞的選擇1．

他的英語水平比我的高。HeknowsmoreEnglishthanI.

2．要奮發(fā)圖強(qiáng)，把我軍的軍政素質(zhì)提高到一個(gè)新的水平……。Wemustworkhardtoraisetoanewheightthemilitaryandpoliticalqualityofourarmy…“水平”4.1詞的選擇3.

各級(jí)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)干部必須提高領(lǐng)導(dǎo)水平。Cadresatalllevelsshouldimprovetheirartofleadership.4.1詞的選擇（一）

注意詞的廣義與狹義1．農(nóng)業(yè)是國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的基礎(chǔ)。Agricultureisthefoundationofthenationaleconomy.2．他從不喝酒。Henevertoucheswine.farmingspiritsFarming,forestry,animalhusbandry,sidelineproduction,fishery4.1詞的選擇（二）注意詞義的強(qiáng)弱3．反動(dòng)派的暴行激起了人民的極大憤怒。Theatrocitiesofthereactionariesrousedthepeopletogreatindignation.4．孫中山是個(gè)好人。Dr.SunYat-sen

wasamanofintegrity.Agoodmananger4.1詞的選擇（三）

注意詞義的褒貶由于人們對(duì)事物的態(tài)度不同，就會(huì)使用含有不同感情色彩的詞，或肯定、贊揚(yáng)、或否定、鄙視。這種感情色彩應(yīng)相應(yīng)地在譯文中表達(dá)出來。4.1詞的選擇5．我們應(yīng)該從這里得出一條經(jīng)驗(yàn)，就是不要被假象所迷惑。Weshoulddrawalessonhere:Don’tbemisledbyfalseappearances.experience褒義貶義4.1詞的選擇6．他們講唯心論，我們講唯物論。Theypreachidealismwhereasweadvocatematerialism.Talk??褒義貶義4.1詞的選擇（四）

注意詞的語體色彩7．別了，司徒雷登！Farewell,LeightonStuart!8．禁止賭博。

Gamblingisprohibited.9．這小伙子干活真沖。Thisyoungfellowdoeshisworkwithvimandvigor.口語體正式體Goodbye？4.1詞的選擇（五）

注意詞的搭配漢英兩種語言在長(zhǎng)期使用過程中形成了各自的固定詞組和搭配用法，翻譯時(shí)必須注意兩者的不同，不能把漢語詞的搭配用法生搬硬套到英語譯文中。

4.1詞的選擇戰(zhàn)火擴(kuò)大：theflamesofwarexpand

(應(yīng)為spread)嚴(yán)密控制：closecontrol(應(yīng)為strict/rigid)搭配4.1詞的選擇學(xué)習(xí)知識(shí)：learnknowledge(應(yīng)為acquire)違反他的意圖：violatehisintention(應(yīng)為goagainst）搭配4.1詞的選擇有資格打世界大戰(zhàn)：qualifiedtofightaworldwar(應(yīng)為capableoffighting/canaffordto/powerfulenoughto)搭配4.1詞的選擇西方輿論紛紛預(yù)測(cè)：ThepublicopinionintheWestpredictsoneafteranother

(應(yīng)為TheWesternpresshasmuchtosayinprediction）搭配4.1詞的選擇練習(xí)老嫗老毛病老部下老樣式老規(guī)矩老菠菜老兒子OldwomanAchronicailmentAformersubordinateOld-fashionedTraditionalrulesOvergrownspinachTheyoungestson“老”定語+中心詞搭配4.1詞的選擇動(dòng)詞+賓語搭配打鼓打仗打官司打交道打毛衣打井打燈籠打起精神TobeatdrumsTofightabattleToengageinalawsuitTodeal/contactwithToknitasweaterTodigawellTocarryalanternTocheerup/braceoneselfup4.1詞的選擇1．我家的貓昨天晚上捉了一只大老鼠。2．那個(gè)小孩闖到馬路中間，一個(gè)警察趕緊抓住他的手，把他拉到安全的地方。3．次日清晨五時(shí)許，有風(fēng)下了幾點(diǎn)雨。4．從那間小屋里傳來了微弱的呻吟聲。5．那個(gè)受驚的小孩緊緊地抓住他母親的手。句子翻譯練習(xí)4.1詞的選擇1．Ourcatcaughtaverybigratlastnight.2．Thechildranintothestreet,butapolicemanhurrieduptoseizehimbythearmandpulledhimbacktosafety.3．Aboutfiveo’clockthenextmorningtherewereafewdropsofraininthewind.4．Weakgroanscamefromthelittleroom.5．Thefrightenedchildgrippedhismother’shand.4.1詞的選擇6．他的兒子對(duì)數(shù)學(xué)很感興趣。7．他因犯?jìng)卧熳锒淮丁?．他把自己的一生獻(xiàn)給為人民服務(wù)的事業(yè)。9．班長(zhǎng)命令戰(zhàn)士上刺刀。10．有什么事，告訴我一聲。4.1詞的選擇6．Hissontakesagreatinterestinmathematics.7．Hewasapprehendedonachargeofforgery.8．Hededicatedhiswholelifetoservingthepeople.9．Thesquadleaderorderedthementofixbayonets.10．Letmeknowifanythinghappens.4.1詞的選擇11．不許他給我們集體臉上抹黑。12．新生兒需要細(xì)心護(hù)理。13．該委員會(huì)由十五人組成。14．黨組織是由無產(chǎn)階級(jí)先進(jìn)分子組成的。15．空氣是由多種氣體混合組成的。4.1詞的選擇11．We’renotgoingtolethimbringshameonourcollective.12.Newbornbabiesneedcarefulnursing.13．Thecommitteeconsistsof15members.14．TheParty’sorganizationiscomposedoftheadvancedpeopleoftheproletariat.15．Airismadeupofamixtureofgases.4.1詞的選擇16．他醉心于醫(yī)學(xué)研究。17．那個(gè)人醉心于名利。18．我借一下你的自行車好嗎？19．我借一下你的電話好嗎？20．借光、借光。4.1詞的選擇16．Heisdeeplyengrossedin