2024年考研（英語一）真題及參考答案

2024年全國碩士研究生招生考試英語(一)試題(科目代碼：201)☆考生注意事項☆4.填(書)寫部分必須使用黑色字跡簽字筆書寫，字跡工整、筆跡清楚；涂考生編號考生姓名SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)There'snothingmorewelcomingthanadooropeningforyou.1theneedtobetouchedtoopenorclose,automaticdoorsareessentialin2disabledaccesstobuildingsandhelpingprovidegeneral3tocommercialbuildings.Self-slidingdoorsbegantoemergeasacommercialproductin1960afterbeinginventedsixyears4byAmericansDeeHortonandLewHewitt.They5asanoveltyfeature,butastheirusehasgrown,their6haveextendedwithinourtechnologicallyadvancedworld.Particularly7inbusylocationsorduringtimesofemergency,thedoors8crowdmanagementbyreducingtheobstaclesputinpeoples'way.9makingaccessbothinandoutofbuildingseasierforpeople,thedifferenceinthewaymanyofthesedoorsopenhelpsreducethetotalarea10bythem.Automaticdoorsoftenopentotheside,withthepanelsslidingacrossoneanother.Replacingswingdoors,these11smallerbuildingstomaximisetheusablespaceinsidewithouthavingto12thewayforalarge,sticking-outdoor.Therearemanydifferenttypesofautomaticdoor,witheach13specificsignalstotellthemwhentoopen.14thesemethodsdiffer,themain15remainthesame.Eachautomaticdoorsystem16thelight,sound,weightormovementintheirvicinityasasignaltoopen.Sensortypesarechosento17thedifferentenvironmentstheyareneededin.18,abusystreetmightnot19amotion-sensoreddoor,asitwouldconstantlybeopeningforpassers-by.Apressure-sensitivematwouldbemore20tolimitthesurveyedarea.英語(一)試題.1.(共14頁)[B]Despite[C]Besides[D]Without2.[A]revealing[B]demanding[C]improving[D]tracing3.[A]experience[B]convenience[C]guidance[D]reference4.[A]previously[B]temporarily[C]successively[D]eventually5.[A]heldon[C]settleddown6.[A]relations[B]volumes[C]benefits[D]sources7.[A]useful[C]flexible8.[A]callfor9.[A]Aswellas[B]Intermsof[C]Thanksto[D]Ratherthan10.[A]connected[C]represented[D]occupied[B]expect[C]require13.[A]adaptingto[B]derivingfrom[C]Unless[D]Although[B]positions[C]principles[D]reasons[B]analyses[C]produces[B]compare[C]protect[D]complement18.[A]Inconclusion[C]Forexample[D]Aboveall19.[A]identify[D]include20.[A]appropriate[B]obvious[C]impressive[D]delicatePartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET1.(40points)英語(一)試題.2.(共14頁)Nearly2,000yearsago,astheRomansbegantopulloutofScotland,theylebehindacurioustreasure:10tonsofnails,nearlyamillionofthethinotbediscoveredforBolts,early17th-cwereplanningtorelocate.Thiswasanattempttorecoverthevaluablenails,whichhousejusttoreclaimthenailsunderlineshowscarce,costlyandvagoestonailmanufacturerswhosimplyfoundmoreprice.IamaneTheGutenbergprintingpresstransformedcivilisationnotbychangingthenatureofcalledpaper.Solarpanelshadfewnicheu英語(一)試題.3.(共14頁)[A]highlightthethriftinessofearlyAmericancolonis[B]illustratethehighstatusofb[C]contrasttheattitudes[D]showthepreciousnessofnail-making[A]haveundergonema[D]areoneofthewor[C]Technologydefinespeople'sunderstandingoftheworld.[D]Sophisticatedtechnolo英語(一)試題.4.(共14頁)children,researchershavesufcommunitiessuchastheKungofBotswana,whereeachchildiscaredforbymanyadults.Kungchildrenasyoungasfourwillhelptolookafteryoungerones“baby-wearing”,inwhichinfantsarecarriedinslings,isDrAnnieSwanepoel,achildpsychiatridifferentschoolyears,tomirrortheunsuperviseInapaperpublishedintheJournalofChildPsychologyandPsychiatry,ressaidthatthewesternnuclearfamilywasarecentinventionwhichbrokewithevolutionaryhistory.Thisabruptshifttoan“intensivemotheringnarrative”,whichsuggeststhatmothersshouldmanagechildcarealone,waslikelytohav“Suchnarrativescanleadtomaternalexhaustionandhavedangerousconsequences,”theywrote.almosthalfofachild'scare.OnepreviousstudylookedattheEfépeopleofthenetworksthanduringmostofhumans'evolutionaryhistory,butintroducingadditionalcaregiverscouldreducestressandmaternaldeprplaygroups,researcherssaidthatwestern“instructiveteaching”,wherepupilsareaskedtheirparents“mightalsoenhancetheirownsocialdevelopment.”英語(一)試題.5.(共14頁)26.Accordingtothefirsttwoparagraphs,alloparenting[D]carryinginfantsar[A]anattempttofacilit28.AccordingtoParagraph4,the“intensivemotheringnarrative”[A]alleviatesparenting30.Whichofthefollowingw[B]ForaHappierFamily,Learnfromth[C]Mixed-agePlaygroup,aBett[D]TracingtheHistoryofParenting:fromAfricatoEurope英語(一)試題.6.(共14頁)landscapes,GregRutkowskihasmadeillustrationsandMagic:TheGathering.Andhe'sbecomeasuddenfightsafiercedragonGregRutkButtheseopen-sourceproggeneratedbyStableDiffusion,Rutkowski'snamehasbeenusereachnewaudiences.Thenhetriedscarchi“It'sbeenjustamonth.Whataboutinayear?Iprobablywon'tbeabletofindmyworkouttherebecausetheinternetwillbefloodedwithAIart,"Rutkowskisays.“That'sconcerning.”protectionandprivarmitigatethis,”saysOrtiz.Thegroup英語(一)試題.7.(共14頁)[A]lackflexibilityinrespondingt[C]makeunauthorizeduseofonli[C]AI-generatedworkbear[A]campaignfornewpolic[B]offertheirservicest[C]strengthentheirrelationsh[C]Privacyissuesintheapplicat英語(一)試題.8.(共14頁)fitsnaturalconstruction,theinteractionoffreshandsalinewaters,andthemixandwater.Theshallowsprovidehomesforhundredsfloodwaters,flteringpollutantsfromwater,andprotectingneahavea“continuoussurfaceconnection”tobodiesofwater.ThisnarrowingoftheregulatoryscopewasavwatershedthatextendsintoVirginia,Pennsylvania,NewYork,WestVirginiDistrictofColumbiaandDelaware.WillthosejurisdictionsnowdeniedunderSackettv.EPA?Perhapssome,butbeencrucialasthemeanstotranscendtheinfluenceofdeep-pocke[C]aplacewithcommer[B]weakenstheEPA'sregulato[D]Ithasensuredthecoordina英語(一)試題10.(共14頁)PartBDirections:ReadthefollowingcommentsonareportaboutAmericanmuseumsreturningartifactstotheircountriesoforiginandalistofstatementssummarizingthecomments.ChoosethebeststatementfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedname(41-45).Therearetwoextrachoiceswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)(41)HannahSimply,therearepeopleinNigeriawhocannottraveltotheSmithsonianInstitutiontoseethatpartoftheirhistoryandculturerepresentedbytheBeninBronzes.Theseshouldbeavailabletothemaspartoftheirculturalheritageandhistoryandasasourceofnationalpride.Thereisnogoodreasonthattheseartifactsshouldbebeyondtheordinaryreachoftheeducationalobjectivesorinspirationofthegenerationstowhichtheywereleft.TheyservenopurposeinamuseumintheUnitedStatesorelsewhereexceptascuriousobjects.Theycannotbecomparedtoworksofartproducedforsalewhichcanbepassedfromhandtohandandplacetoplacebypurchase.(42)BuckWeknowveryexactreproductionsofartworkcanbeandareregularlyproduced.Perhapsmuseumsandgovernmentsmightexploresomerolefortheuseofnearlyexactreproductionsasameansofresolvingissuesrelatingtoreturningworksofartandantiquities.Thecontextofanyexhibitismoreimportanttomethanwhethertheobjectbeingdisplayedis2000yearsoldor2monthsold.Inmanycasestheexpertshaveahardtimeagreeingonwhatistherealobjectandwhatisaforgery.Again,thestoryanexhibitistryingtotelliswhatmatters.Themonetaryvalueoftheobjectsondisplayisadistantsecondplaceinimportance.(43)SaraWhenvisitingtheBaltimoreMuseumofArt,Icameacrossamagnificent15th-centuryChinesesculpture.Itinspiredmetolearnmoreabouttheculturethatitrepresented.Artifactsinmuseumshavethepowertoinspire,andperhapssparkthatneedtolearnandunderstandthenatureoftheircreators.Havingsaidthat,Idofeelthatwhateverartifactsfindtheirwaytopublicmuseumsshould,infact,besanctionedashavingbeenobtainedonloan,legallypurchased,orobtainedbytreaty.Stealingartifactsfromotherpeoples'culturesisobscene;itrobsnotonlythephysicalobjects,butthedignityandspiritoftheircreators.英語(一)試題.11.(共14頁)Ancientartthatisfin1990,includingtpubliclydisplayedworksinEuropeanmuseums.artifactsbeingremovedfromcitiesintheUSandBroforigin,Iwouldaskyoutoconsider:whyrighttoeasilyaccesstheBeninBronzesthanthepeopwhenevertheywant,butthepeopleofAthensaren't?Whatintrinsicfactorsmaketheoforigin.[D]Reproductions,evenifperfectlymade,cannottaketheplaceoftheautheoforigin.英語(一)試題.12.(共14頁)DirectionsReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.WriteyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)“Elephantsneverforget”—orsotheysay-andthatpieceoffolkloreseemstohavesomefoundationTheAfricansavannaelephant,alsoknownastheAfricanbushelephant,isdistributedacross37Africancountries.Theymovebetweenavarietyofhabitats,includingforests,grasslands,woodlands,wetlandsandagriculturalland.(46)Theysometimestravelmorethansixtymilestofindfoodorwater,andareverygoodatworkingoutwhereotherelephantsare—evenwhentheyareoutofsight.Usingtrackingdevices,researchershaveshownthattheyhave“remarkablespatialacuity.”Whenfindingtheirwaytowaterholes,theyheadedoffinexactlytherightdirection,ononeoccasionfromadistanceofroughlythirtymiles.Whatismore,theyalmostalwaysseemtochoosethenearestwaterhole.(47)Theresearchersareconvincedthattheelephantsalwaysknowpreciselywheretheyareinrelationtoalltheresourcestheyneed,andcanthereforetakeshortcuts,aswellasfollowingfamiliarroutes.AlthoughthecuesusedbyAfricanelephantsforlong-distancenavigationarenotyetunderstood,smellmaywellplayapart.Elephantsareverychoosyeaters,butuntilrecentlylittlewasknownabouthowtheyselectedtheirfood.(48)Onepossibilitywasthattheymerelyusedtheireyesandtriedouttheplantstheyfound,butthatwouldprobablyresultinalotofwastedtimeandenergy,notleastbecausetheireyesightisactuallynotverygood.(49)Thevolatilechemicalsproducedbyplantscanbecarriedalongway,andtheyareverycharacteristic:Eachplantortreehasitsownparticularodorsignature.Whatismore,theycanbedetectedevenwhentheyarenotactuallyvisible.Newresearchsuggeststhatsmellisacrucialfactoringuidingelephants—andprob