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試卷第=page11頁,共=sectionpages33頁專題21指數(shù)對數(shù)冪函數(shù)綜合問題(單選+多選+填空)一、單選題1.(2023秋·河北衡水·高三河北衡水中學(xué)??计谀┤艏蟂KIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】B【分析】先求出集合SKIPIF1<0,然后再逐個分析判斷即可.【詳解】由SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,因為SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,對于A,因為SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以A錯誤,對于B,因為SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以B正確,對于C,因為SKIPIF1<0,所以C錯誤,對于D,因為SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,因為SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以D錯誤,故選:B2.(2023·安徽合肥·統(tǒng)考一模)已知p:SKIPIF1<0,q:SKIPIF1<0,則p是q的(
)A.充分不必要條件 B.必要不充分條件C.充要條件 D.既不充分也不必要條件【答案】C【分析】令SKIPIF1<0,結(jié)合該函數(shù)的奇偶性,單調(diào)性判斷不等式是否成立.【詳解】令SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0為奇函數(shù),SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0遞增,則SKIPIF1<0也遞增,又SKIPIF1<0為奇函數(shù),則SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上遞增,SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0即SKIPIF1<0;SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0,則等價于SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上遞增,則SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,故p是q的充要條件,故選:C.3.(2023春·湖北襄陽·高三襄陽市襄州區(qū)第一高級中學(xué)??奸_學(xué)考試)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的圖象(
)A.關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0對稱 B.關(guān)于點SKIPIF1<0對稱 C.關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0對稱 D.關(guān)于原點對稱【答案】A【分析】求出SKIPIF1<0以及SKIPIF1<0的表達(dá)式,根據(jù)函數(shù)的對稱性,即可判斷各項,得到結(jié)果.【詳解】對于A項,由已知可得,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0的圖象關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0對稱,故A項正確;對于B項,因為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,故B項錯誤;對于C項,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,故C錯誤;對于D項,因為SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,故D錯誤.故選:A.【點睛】設(shè)SKIPIF1<0的定義域為SKIPIF1<0.對于SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0恒成立,則SKIPIF1<0的圖象關(guān)于直線SKIPIF1<0對稱;對于SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0恒成立,則SKIPIF1<0的圖象關(guān)于點SKIPIF1<0對稱.4.(2023·福建莆田·統(tǒng)考二模)若SKIPIF1<0,則(
)A.SKIPIF1<0是等差數(shù)列 B.SKIPIF1<0是等比數(shù)列C.SKIPIF1<0是等差數(shù)列 D.SKIPIF1<0是等比數(shù)列【答案】A【分析】根據(jù)已知指數(shù)式,求出SKIPIF1<0,結(jié)合對數(shù)的運(yùn)算法則及等差數(shù)列與等比數(shù)列的定義逐項判斷即可得結(jié)論.【詳解】因為SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0是等差數(shù)列,故A正確;因為SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0不是等比數(shù)列,故B不正確;因為SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0不是等差數(shù)列,故C不正確;因為SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0不是等比數(shù)列,故D不正確.故選:A.5.(2023秋·山西運(yùn)城·高三統(tǒng)考期末)已知實數(shù)SKIPIF1<0滿足SKIPIF1<0,其中SKIPIF1<0是自然對數(shù)的底數(shù),則SKIPIF1<0的值為(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】C【分析】由題知SKIPIF1<0,進(jìn)而構(gòu)造函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,再根據(jù)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的單調(diào)性得SKIPIF1<0,再與SKIPIF1<0求和整理即可得答案.【詳解】解:由題知SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,因為,SKIPIF1<0恒成立,所以,SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,所以,SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0因為SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0故選:C6.(2023春·廣東·高三校聯(lián)考階段練習(xí))“打水漂”是一種游戲,通過一定方式投擲石片,使石片在水面上實現(xiàn)多次彈跳,彈跳次數(shù)越多越好.小趙同學(xué)在玩“打水漂”游戲時,將一石片按一定方式投擲出去,石片第一次接觸水面時的速度為SKIPIF1<0,然后石片在水面上繼續(xù)進(jìn)行多次彈跳.不考慮其他因素,假設(shè)石片每一次接觸水面時的速度均為上一次的SKIPIF1<0,若石片接觸水面時的速度低于SKIPIF1<0,石片就不再彈跳,沉入水底,則小趙同學(xué)這次“打水漂”石片的彈跳次數(shù)為(
)(參考數(shù)據(jù):SKIPIF1<0).A.6 B.7 C.8 D.9【答案】C【分析】設(shè)這次“打水漂”石片的彈跳次數(shù)為SKIPIF1<0,根據(jù)題意得SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,根據(jù)指數(shù)函數(shù)的單調(diào)性和對數(shù)換底公式求解即可.【詳解】設(shè)這次“打水漂”石片的彈跳次數(shù)為SKIPIF1<0,由題意得SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0.因為SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0.故選:C.7.(2023春·浙江溫州·高三統(tǒng)考開學(xué)考試)通過長期數(shù)據(jù)研究某人駕駛汽車的習(xí)慣,發(fā)現(xiàn)其行車速度v(公里/小時)與行駛地區(qū)的人口密度p(人/平方公里)有如下關(guān)系:SKIPIF1<0,如果他在人口密度為SKIPIF1<0的地區(qū)行車時速度為65公里/小時,那么他在人口密度為SKIPIF1<0的地區(qū)行車時速度約是(
)A.69.4公里/小時 B.67.4公里/小時 C.62.5公里/小時 D.60.5公里/小時【答案】B【分析】由題知SKIPIF1<0,進(jìn)而得SKIPIF1<0,進(jìn)而代入計算即可得答案.【詳解】解:由題知SKIPIF1<0,整理得SKIPIF1<0所以SKIPIF1<0所以,當(dāng)他在人口密度為SKIPIF1<0的地區(qū)行車時速度SKIPIF1<0公里/小時,故選:B8.(2023·山西·統(tǒng)考一模)在天文學(xué)中,常用星等SKIPIF1<0,光照度SKIPIF1<0等來描述天體的明暗程度.兩顆星的星等與光照度滿足星普森公式SKIPIF1<0.已知大犬座天狼星的星等為SKIPIF1<0,天狼星的光照度是織女星光照度的4倍,據(jù)此估計織女星的星等為(參考數(shù)據(jù)SKIPIF1<0)(
)A.2 B.1.05 C.0.05 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】C【分析】根據(jù)題意,代入數(shù)據(jù)計算即可得答案.【詳解】解:設(shè)天狼星的星等為SKIPIF1<0,光照度為SKIPIF1<0,織女星的星等為SKIPIF1<0,光照度為SKIPIF1<0,因為天狼星的光照度是織女星光照度的4倍,所以SKIPIF1<0,因為兩顆星的星等與光照度滿足星普森公式SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0.所以,織女星的星等為SKIPIF1<0故選:C9.(2023·云南紅河·統(tǒng)考一模)中國是茶的故鄉(xiāng),也是茶文化的發(fā)源地,茶文化是把茶、賞茶、聞茶、飲茶、品茶等習(xí)慣與中國的文化內(nèi)涵相結(jié)合而形成的一種文化現(xiàn)象,具有鮮明的中國文化特征.其中沏茶、飲茶對水溫也有一定的要求,把物體放在空氣中冷卻,如果物體原來的溫度是SKIPIF1<0,空氣的溫度是SKIPIF1<0,經(jīng)過t分鐘后物體的溫度為θ℃,滿足公式SKIPIF1<0.現(xiàn)有一壺水溫為92℃的熱水用來沏茶,由經(jīng)驗可知茶溫為52℃時口感最佳,若空氣的溫度為12℃,那從沏茶開始,大約需要(
)分鐘飲用口感最佳.(參考數(shù)據(jù);SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0)A.2.57 B.2.77 C.2.89 D.3.26【答案】B【分析】有題意,根據(jù)公式SKIPIF1<0代入數(shù)據(jù)得SKIPIF1<0,變形、化簡即可得出答案.【詳解】由題意得SKIPIF1<0,代入數(shù)據(jù)得SKIPIF1<0,整理得SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0;所以若空氣的溫度為12℃,從沏茶開始,大約需要2.77分鐘飲用口感最佳.故選:B.10.(2023·重慶沙坪壩·高三重慶八中??茧A段練習(xí))2022年諾貝爾物理學(xué)獎授予在量子領(lǐng)域做出貢獻(xiàn)的法國、美國、奧地利科學(xué)家,我國于2021年成功研制出目前國際上超導(dǎo)量子比特數(shù)量最多的量子計算原型機(jī)“祖沖之號”,操控的超導(dǎo)量子比特為66個.已知1個超導(dǎo)量子比特共有“SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0”2種疊加態(tài),2個超導(dǎo)量子比特共有“SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0”4種疊加態(tài),3個超導(dǎo)量子比特共有“SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0”8種疊加態(tài),…,只要增加1個超導(dǎo)量子比特,其疊加態(tài)的種數(shù)就呈指數(shù)級增長.設(shè)M個超導(dǎo)量子比特共有N種疊加態(tài),且N是一個20位的數(shù),則這樣的M有(
)個.(參考數(shù)據(jù):SKIPIF1<0)A.2 B.3 C.4 D.5【答案】B【分析】根據(jù)題意可得SKIPIF1<0個超導(dǎo)量子比特共有SKIPIF1<0中疊加態(tài),結(jié)合指、對數(shù)的運(yùn)算即可求解.【詳解】根據(jù)題意,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0個超導(dǎo)量子比特共有SKIPIF1<0中疊加態(tài),也即SKIPIF1<0,兩邊同時取以10為底的對數(shù)得,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,因為SKIPIF1<0是一個SKIPIF1<0位的數(shù),所以SKIPIF1<0,也即SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,所以這樣的SKIPIF1<0有64,65,66這3個,故選:SKIPIF1<0.11.(2023·福建泉州·高三統(tǒng)考階段練習(xí))萃取是有機(jī)化學(xué)實驗室中用來提純和純化化合物的手段之一.研究發(fā)現(xiàn),用總體積相同的有機(jī)萃取液對某化合物進(jìn)行萃取,采用少量多次的方法比全量一次的萃取率高.已知萃取率SKIPIF1<0與萃取次數(shù)SKIPIF1<0滿足SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0為分配比、現(xiàn)欲用有機(jī)萃取液SKIPIF1<0,對含四氧化鋨SKIPIF1<0的SKIPIF1<0水溶液進(jìn)行萃取,每次所用有機(jī)萃取液SKIPIF1<0的體積為SKIPIF1<0,分配比為14.要使萃取率達(dá)到SKIPIF1<0以上,則至少需要經(jīng)過的萃取次數(shù)為(參考數(shù)據(jù):SKIPIF1<0)(
)A.4 B.5 C.6 D.7【答案】B【分析】根據(jù)題意確定各參數(shù)值,代入等式SKIPIF1<0,利用指對互化和對數(shù)函數(shù)運(yùn)算即可得所求.【詳解】解:由題可知萃取率SKIPIF1<0與萃取次數(shù)SKIPIF1<0滿足SKIPIF1<0,其中分配比SKIPIF1<0,萃取率SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以至少需要經(jīng)過的萃取次數(shù)為SKIPIF1<0.故選:B.12.(2023·江蘇南通·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測)傳說國際象棋發(fā)明于古印度,為了獎賞發(fā)明者,古印度國王讓發(fā)明者自己提出要求,發(fā)明者希望國王讓人在他發(fā)明的國際象棋棋盤上放些麥粒,規(guī)則為:第一個格子放一粒,第二個格子放兩粒,第三個格子放四粒,第四個格子放八?!来艘?guī)律,放滿棋盤的64個格子所需小麥的總重量大約為(
)噸.(1kg麥子大約20000粒,lg2=0.3)A.105 B.107 C.1012 D.1015【答案】C【分析】由等比數(shù)列求和公式結(jié)合對數(shù)的運(yùn)算求解即可.【詳解】64個格子放滿麥粒共需SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0麥子大約20000粒,1噸麥子大約SKIPIF1<0粒,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0故選:C.13.(2023·重慶沙坪壩·重慶南開中學(xué)??寄M預(yù)測)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0的解集是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】C【分析】根據(jù)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0解析式,作出函數(shù)圖象,繼而作出SKIPIF1<0的圖象,數(shù)形結(jié)合,求得不等式的解集.【詳解】根據(jù)題意當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,作出函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象如圖,在同一坐標(biāo)系中作出函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的圖象,由圖象可得不等式SKIPIF1<0解集為SKIPIF1<0,故選:C【點睛】關(guān)鍵點點睛:解答本題的關(guān)鍵是正確的作出函數(shù)的圖象,數(shù)形結(jié)合,求得不等式解集.14.(2023秋·湖北十堰·高三統(tǒng)考階段練習(xí))已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0若函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0恰有4個不同的零點,則SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】C【分析】將SKIPIF1<0看做整體,先求出SKIPIF1<0對應(yīng)的SKIPIF1<0,再根據(jù)方程的解得個數(shù)確定對應(yīng)的SKIPIF1<0的取值范圍即可得解.【詳解】令SKIPIF1<0,得SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,畫出SKIPIF1<0的大致圖象.設(shè)SKIPIF1<0,由圖可知,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0有且僅有1個實根;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0有2個實根;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0有3個實根.則SKIPIF1<0恰有4個不同的零點等價于SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0解得SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0.故選:C.15.(2023·云南·統(tǒng)考一模)已知a,b,c滿足SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則(
)A.SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0【答案】B【分析】構(gòu)造函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,利用其單調(diào)性,分SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0討論即可.【詳解】由題意得SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,令SKIPIF1<0,根據(jù)減函數(shù)加減函數(shù)為減函數(shù)的結(jié)論知:SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,可得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,兩邊同取以5為底的對數(shù)得SKIPIF1<0,對SKIPIF1<0通過移項得SKIPIF1<0,兩邊同取以3為底的對數(shù)得SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,故此時,SKIPIF1<0,故C,D選項錯誤,SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,故A錯誤,下面嚴(yán)格證明當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0根據(jù)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,且SKIPIF1<0,則當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,有SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,下面證明:SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0要證:SKIPIF1<0,即證:SKIPIF1<0,等價于證明SKIPIF1<0,即證:SKIPIF1<0,此式開頭已證明,對SKIPIF1<0,左邊同除分子分母同除SKIPIF1<0,右邊分子分母同除SKIPIF1<0得SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0故當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,可得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,兩邊同取以5為底的對數(shù)得SKIPIF1<0,對SKIPIF1<0通過移項得SKIPIF1<0,兩邊同取以3為底的對數(shù)得SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,故此時,SKIPIF1<0,下面嚴(yán)格證明當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,根據(jù)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,且其在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,可知SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,根據(jù)函數(shù)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,且SKIPIF1<0,則當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,下面證明:SKIPIF1<0,要證:SKIPIF1<0即證:SKIPIF1<0,等價于證SKIPIF1<0,即證:SKIPIF1<0,此式已證明,對SKIPIF1<0,左邊同除分子分母同除SKIPIF1<0,右邊分子分母同除SKIPIF1<0得SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,綜上SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,故選:B.【點睛】關(guān)鍵點睛:本題的關(guān)鍵在于構(gòu)造函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,利用其單調(diào)性及SKIPIF1<0,從而得到SKIPIF1<0之間的大小關(guān)系,同時需要先求出SKIPIF1<0的范圍,然后再對SKIPIF1<0進(jìn)行分類討論.二、多選題16.(2023·湖南·模擬預(yù)測)已知SKIPIF1<0,則下列結(jié)論正確的是()A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】ACD【分析】由SKIPIF1<0可得SKIPIF1<0,進(jìn)而可借助導(dǎo)數(shù)、指數(shù)函數(shù)的單調(diào)性及不等式的基本性質(zhì)對選項逐一進(jìn)行分析.【詳解】SKIPIF1<0可得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0為遞減函數(shù),故SKIPIF1<0,故A正確;取SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,故B錯誤;令SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0恒成立,故SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,SKIPIF1<0時,有SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,故C正確;SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0則SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,故D正確;故選:ACD.17.(2023·廣東茂名·統(tǒng)考一模)e是自然對數(shù)的底數(shù),SKIPIF1<0,已知SKIPIF1<0,則下列結(jié)論一定正確的是(
)A.若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0 B.若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0C.若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0 D.若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0【答案】BC【分析】構(gòu)建函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0根據(jù)題意分析可得SKIPIF1<0,對A、D:取特值分析判斷;對B、C:根據(jù)SKIPIF1<0的單調(diào)性,分類討論分析判斷.【詳解】原式變形為SKIPIF1<0,構(gòu)造函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,∵SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0;故SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,對于A:取SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0∵SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,故SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0滿足題意,但SKIPIF1<0,A錯誤;對于B:若SKIPIF1<0,則有:當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0時,則SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0時,由SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0時單調(diào)遞增,且SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0;綜上所述:SKIPIF1<0,B正確;對于C:若SKIPIF1<0,則有:當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0顯然成立;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0時,令SKIPIF1<0,∵SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0時等號成立,∴當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0可得SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0又∵由SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0時單調(diào)遞增,且SKIPIF1<0,∴SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0;綜上所述:SKIPIF1<0,C正確;對于D:取SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,∵SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,故SKIPIF1<0,∴故SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0滿足題意,但SKIPIF1<0,D錯誤.故選:BC.【點睛】結(jié)論點睛:指對同構(gòu)的常用形式:(1)積型:SKIPIF1<0,①構(gòu)造形式為:SKIPIF1<0,構(gòu)建函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0;②構(gòu)造形式為:SKIPIF1<0,構(gòu)建函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0;③構(gòu)造形式為:SKIPIF1<0,構(gòu)建函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0.(2)商型:SKIPIF1<0,①構(gòu)造形式為:SKIPIF1<0,構(gòu)建函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0;②構(gòu)造形式為:SKIPIF1<0,構(gòu)建函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0;③構(gòu)造形式為:SKIPIF1<0,構(gòu)建函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0.18.(2023·安徽宿州·統(tǒng)考一模)已知SKIPIF1<0,且SKIPIF1<0,則下列不等關(guān)系成立的是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0 C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】ABC【分析】利用基本不等式易知選項AB正確;利用對數(shù)運(yùn)算法則和重要不等式可知C正確;將不等式SKIPIF1<0化簡整理可得SKIPIF1<0,構(gòu)造函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0利用函數(shù)單調(diào)性即可證明D錯誤.【詳解】由基本不等式可知,SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,等號成立,即A正確;易知SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,等號成立,即B正確;由重要不等式和對數(shù)運(yùn)算法則可得:SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,等號成立,即C正確;由SKIPIF1<0可得SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,若SKIPIF1<0,即證明SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0即需證明SKIPIF1<0,令函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,所以SKIPIF1<0時,解不等式SKIPIF1<0可得SKIPIF1<0即可,即SKIPIF1<0時不等式SKIPIF1<0成立;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,解不等式SKIPIF1<0可得SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0時不等式SKIPIF1<0才成立;綜上可知,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,不等式SKIPIF1<0才成立,所以D錯誤.故選:ABC19.(2023秋·遼寧葫蘆島·高三葫蘆島第一高級中學(xué)??计谀┖瘮?shù)SKIPIF1<0,則(
)A.f(x)的定義域為R B.SKIPIF1<0值域為SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0為偶函數(shù) D.SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上是增函數(shù)【答案】ACD【分析】根據(jù)函數(shù)的定義域、值域、奇偶性、單調(diào)性等知識進(jìn)行分析,從而確定正確答案.【詳解】對于函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,由于SKIPIF1<0恒成立,所以SKIPIF1<0的定義域為SKIPIF1<0,A選項正確.SKIPIF1<0,由于SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時等號成立,所以SKIPIF1<0,B選項錯誤.由于SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0為偶函數(shù),C選項正確.對于函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,任取SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,由于SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上遞增.當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上遞增,根據(jù)復(fù)合函數(shù)單調(diào)性同增異減可知SKIPIF1<0在區(qū)間SKIPIF1<0上是增函數(shù),D選項正確.故選:ACD20.(2023·河北邯鄲·統(tǒng)考一模)已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,則(
)A.SKIPIF1<0的定義域是SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0有最大值C.不等式SKIPIF1<0的解集是SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增【答案】AB【分析】根據(jù)函數(shù)解析式,求解函數(shù)定義域,利用復(fù)合函數(shù)單調(diào)性求解單調(diào)區(qū)間及最值,利用單調(diào)性解函數(shù)不等式?!驹斀狻坑深}意可得SKIPIF1<0,解得SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0的定義域是SKIPIF1<0,則A正確;SKIPIF1<0,因為SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,所以SKIPIF1<0,則B正確;因為SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,且SKIPIF1<0,所以不等式SKIPIF1<0的解集是SKIPIF1<0,則C錯誤;因為SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,所以D錯誤.故選:AB.21.(2023·重慶·統(tǒng)考一模)已知m,n關(guān)于x方程SKIPIF1<0的兩個根,且SKIPIF1<0,則(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】ACD【分析】根據(jù)函數(shù)的圖象可得SKIPIF1<0,結(jié)合條件可得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,利用對勾函數(shù)的性質(zhì)可判斷A,構(gòu)造函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,根據(jù)函數(shù)的單調(diào)性可判斷B,構(gòu)造函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,利用導(dǎo)數(shù)研究函數(shù)的性質(zhì)結(jié)合條件可判斷CD.【詳解】畫出函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0的大致圖象,由題可知SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,由對勾函數(shù)的性質(zhì)可知SKIPIF1<0,故A正確;設(shè)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,因為函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,所以函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,又SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,故B錯誤;設(shè)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞增,由SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0單調(diào)遞減,因為SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,故C正確;又SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,故D正確.故選:ACD.【點睛】關(guān)鍵點點睛:本題關(guān)鍵點是構(gòu)造合適的函數(shù),構(gòu)造函數(shù)時往往從兩方面著手:①根據(jù)不等式的“形狀”變換函數(shù)“形狀”;②若是選擇題,可根據(jù)選項的共性歸納構(gòu)造恰當(dāng)?shù)暮瘮?shù).22.(2023春·遼寧·高三朝陽市第一高級中學(xué)校聯(lián)考階段練習(xí))已知函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0),下列說法正確的是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0為偶函數(shù)B.SKIPIF1<0為非奇非偶函數(shù)C.SKIPIF1<0為偶函數(shù)(SKIPIF1<0為SKIPIF1<0的導(dǎo)函數(shù))D.若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0對任意SKIPIF1<0成立【答案】ACD【分析】先證明函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0為奇函數(shù),再根據(jù)函數(shù)奇偶性的定義即可判斷AB;求出函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的導(dǎo)函數(shù),再根據(jù)函數(shù)奇偶性的定義即可判斷C;易得SKIPIF1<0,再根據(jù)SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0,即可判斷D.【詳解】因為SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0的定義域為SKIPIF1<0,因為SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0為奇函數(shù),對于A,因為SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0為偶函數(shù),故A正確;對于B,因為SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0為奇函數(shù),故B錯誤;對于C,SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,因為SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0為偶函數(shù),故C正確;對于D,因為SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,因為SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,又SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,故D正確.故選:ACD.【點睛】關(guān)鍵點點睛,解決本題AB的關(guān)鍵在于證明SKIPIF1<0為奇函數(shù),解決D選項的關(guān)鍵是由SKIPIF1<0,結(jié)合換底公式轉(zhuǎn)化.23.(2023·山東濰坊·統(tǒng)考一模)已知SKIPIF1<0,過點SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0的直線為SKIPIF1<0.過點SKIPIF1<0和SKIPIF1<0的直線為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0軸上的截距相等,設(shè)函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0.則(
)A.SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增 B.若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0C.若SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0均不為SKIPIF1<0(SKIPIF1<0為自然對數(shù)的底數(shù))【答案】CD【分析】由題意可推得SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.令SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0,根據(jù)導(dǎo)函數(shù)可得出SKIPIF1<0的單調(diào)性,進(jìn)而判斷A項;先根據(jù)導(dǎo)數(shù)求解函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0的零點,可求出SKIPIF1<0,代入即可得出SKIPIF1<0的值,判斷B項;由已知可得SKIPIF1<0,平方變形即可求出SKIPIF1<0,可得出C項;分別求解SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0的值以及SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0的值,即可說明D項.【詳解】由已知可得,直線SKIPIF1<0的方程為SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0;直線SKIPIF1<0的方程為SKIPIF1<0,由SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0.由已知可得,SKIPIF1<0,整理可得,SKIPIF1<0.因為,函數(shù)SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.對于A項,令SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0在R上恒成立,所以,SKIPIF1<0在R上單調(diào)遞增,即SKIPIF1<0在R上單調(diào)遞增.又SKIPIF1<0,所以當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,故A項錯誤;對于B項,設(shè)SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0.令SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,顯然SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,且SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,根據(jù)零點存在定理,可得SKIPIF1<0,有SKIPIF1<0,且當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,有SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,有SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增.因為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,根據(jù)零點存在定理,可得SKIPIF1<0,有SKIPIF1<0,且當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,有SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減;當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,有SKIPIF1<0,即SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增.因為SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0.所以有SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0,因為SKIPIF1<0,所以有SKIPIF1<0可得,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0或SKIPIF1<0(舍去).所以,SKIPIF1<0,所以,SKIPIF1<0,故B項錯誤;對于C項,因為SKIPIF1<0,則由SKIPIF1<0可知,SKIPIF1<0.所以,SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,故C項正確;對于D項,因為SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0,所以SKIPIF1<0.①當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,則有SKIPIF1<0.令SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上恒成立,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞增,所以SKIPIF1<0恒成立,所以,方程SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上無解,即SKIPIF1<0不存在;②當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,則有SKIPIF1<0.令SKIPIF1<0SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上恒成立,所以SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,所以SKIPIF1<0恒成立,所以,方程SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上無解,即SKIPIF1<0不存在.綜上所述,SKIPIF1<0均不為SKIPIF1<0,故D項正確.故選:CD.【點睛】關(guān)鍵點點睛:由已知求出直線SKIPIF1<0與SKIPIF1<0的方程,根據(jù)已知,結(jié)合對數(shù)函數(shù)的性質(zhì)以及對數(shù)運(yùn)算性質(zhì),即可得出SKIPIF1<0,進(jìn)而得到SKIPIF1<0.24.(2023·江蘇連云港·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測)利用“SKIPIF1<0”可得到許多與n(SKIPIF1<0且SKIPIF1<0)有關(guān)的結(jié)論,則正確的是(
)A.SKIPIF1<0 B.SKIPIF1<0C.SKIPIF1<0 D.SKIPIF1<0【答案】ABD【分析】先證明出SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,等號成立,A選項,令SKIPIF1<0,得到SKIPIF1<0,累加后得到A正確;B選項,推導(dǎo)出SKIPIF1<0,SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時等號成立,令SKIPIF1<0,可得SKIPIF1<0,累加后得到B正確;C選項,推導(dǎo)出SKIPIF1<0,累加后得到C錯誤;D選項,將SKIPIF1<0中的SKIPIF1<0替換為SKIPIF1<0,推導(dǎo)出SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)且僅當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,等號成立,累加后得到D正確.【詳解】令SKIPIF1<0,則SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,當(dāng)SKIPIF1<0時,SKIPIF1<0,故SKIPIF1<0在SKIPIF1<0上單調(diào)遞減,在SKIPIF1<0上
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