高考英語總復(fù)習(xí)-語法強(qiáng)攻-名詞性從句

高考英語總復(fù)習(xí)語法強(qiáng)攻名詞性從句課件名詞性從句（一）名詞性從句的結(jié)構(gòu)和功能名詞性從句包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句。名詞性從句主要有四種從句結(jié)構(gòu)：以that引導(dǎo)的從句；以whether/if引導(dǎo)的從句，以特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的從句；以what或wh-ever等連接代詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性關(guān)系從句。此外，asif/asthough也可引導(dǎo)表語從句。具體用法見下表：知識(shí)梳理（二）名詞性從句的連接詞引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞有：從屬連詞、連接代詞和連接副詞。1.從屬連詞：that(本身無意義)，whether(是否)，if(是否)。只起連接作用，在從句中不作任何成分。2.連接代詞：who,whom,whose,which,what,whatever,whoever等。它們除起連接作用外，還可在從句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語、表語等成分。3.連接副詞：when(＝thetimewhen什么時(shí)候，何時(shí))，where(＝theplacewhere什么地方，何地)，how(＝thewaythat/inwhich怎樣，以……方式，如何)，why＝thereasonwhy為什么)。它們除起連接作用，還在從句中作狀語。溫馨提示what與that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別：1.what在名詞性從句中可充當(dāng)主語、賓語和表語，意義上相當(dāng)于thething(s)that，引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)，其謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)依句意而定。e.g.Whatthelecturersaidisveryvaluable.Wewonderwhathewilldonext.2.that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句不充當(dāng)任何句子成分，只起連接作用，無任何意義。引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)，常用it作形式主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)，常被省略。e.g.Thatshewillrefusetheofferseemsunlikely.Ihavefound(that)alltheticketshavebeensoldout.Itisapitythatyoumissedsuchafinetalk.（三）主語從句1.主語從句的基本用法1)that引導(dǎo)的主語從句既可放在句首，也可放在句尾，that起連接作用，無詞義，在從句中不作成分，一般不能省略。e.g.Thatweareinvitedtoaconcertthiseveningisgoodnewstous.＝Itisgoodnewstousthatweareinvitedtoaconcertthisevening.2)whether引導(dǎo)的主語從句可放在句首，也可放在句尾；if引導(dǎo)的主語從句只能放在句尾，前面需要it作形式主語。whether/if起連接作用，“是否”，在從句中不作成分。e.g.Whetherhewillgothereornotisnotclear.Itisdoubtfulwhether/iftheworkcanbecompleted.3)wh-類連接詞引導(dǎo)的主語從句：wh-類連接詞包括wh-類的連接代詞(who,whom,whose,which,what,whoever,whomever,whichever,whatever等)和連接副詞(when,where,how,why,whenever,wherever,however等)。what,when和wh-ever類的詞有時(shí)可不表疑問。wh-類連接代詞在句中既起連接作用，又可充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、定語等成分。wh-類連接副詞在句中起連接作用，在從句中可充當(dāng)時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、方式狀語。2.主語從句的單復(fù)數(shù)問題1)從句作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。e.g.Thathewillcomeandhelpusiscertain.Whowillgototheenergyconferenceis

notimportant.2)what引導(dǎo)的從句作主語，表示單數(shù)概念，謂語動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式；表示復(fù)數(shù)概念，則謂語動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)。e.g.Whathesaidistrue.Whatheneedsarebooks.（四）

賓語從句1.賓語從句的基本用法：1)動(dòng)詞后接賓語從句的用法：e.g.Iknowthatheisfriendlyandhospitable.Gotostampsalesandbuywhateveryoucanafford.溫馨提示doubt,doubtful與sure后名詞性從句連接詞that,whether,if的選擇。①當(dāng)doubt,doubtful用于肯定句時(shí)，后面的名詞性從句的連接詞常用whether或if；當(dāng)doubt,doubtful用于否定句或疑問句時(shí)，后面名詞性從句的連接詞用that。e.g.Idoubtwhether/ifheisathome.Wedon’tdoubtthattheycancompletethetaskaheadoftime.Itisdoubtfulwhetheritistrueornot.②當(dāng)besure用于肯定句時(shí)，后面的賓語從句的連接詞常用that；當(dāng)besure用于否定句時(shí)，后面的賓語從句的連接詞常用whether或if。e.g.Wearesurethatheisinnocent.Theoldmandidn’tseemtobesure

whether/ifhehadmetme.2)介詞及形容詞后接賓語從句的用法：e.g.Wearetalkingaboutwhetherweadmitstudentsintoourclub.Hewasinterestedinwhateverhesawthere.Heispleasedthathehaspassedatoughtest.溫馨提示①一般情況下介詞后只能用wh-類連接詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。e.g.Iamsurprisedatwhathesaid.②介詞后如果接that從句，要先加上it，再加that從句，即“介詞＋it＋that...”結(jié)構(gòu)。e.g.Youmaydependonitthattheywillsupportyou.③介詞except,but,besides及in后可接that從句。e.g.Iknownothingabouthimexceptthatheliveshere.④常接賓語從句的形容詞有sure,certain,glad,pleased,happy,afraid,surprised,satisfied,sorry等。e.g.I’mafraidhewon’tattendourwedding.3)that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句：e.g.Wearegladthatsomanyoldfriendswillattendourteaparty.Theheadmastersaidthattheschoolreportshadbeensentoff.溫馨提示在suggest,demand,order,insist等動(dòng)詞之后的賓語從句中用虛擬語氣，“(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形”。e.g.Hesuggestedthatwe(should)setaboutdoingtheworkatonce.4)whether/if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句：e.g.I’lltrytofindoutwhether/ifthemachineisingoodcondition.溫馨提示①whether/if引導(dǎo)賓語從句表示“是否”的意思時(shí)，一般情況下可互換。②if引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí)可以有否定式，而whether從句則沒有。e.g.Idon’tcareifhedoesn’tcome.5)特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句：由who,what,how,which,whose,where,why等詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，可作動(dòng)詞、介詞及形容詞的賓語。e.g.Ican’timaginehowhedidit.Weareworryingaboutwhatweshoulddonext.Iwasn’tcertainwhosehouseIwasin.溫馨提示如果疑問詞是介詞的賓語，介詞可位于從句句首或句末。e.g.Ididn’tknowinwhichbuildingtheylived.＝Ididn’tknowwhichbuildingtheylivedin.2.賓語從句的時(shí)態(tài)1)主句為現(xiàn)在或?qū)頃r(shí)態(tài)主句謂語動(dòng)詞如果是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)頃r(shí)，從句謂語動(dòng)詞可用任何所需要的時(shí)態(tài)。e.g.ShesaysthatsheworksfromMondaytoFriday.Iknowhedidn’ttellyouthathe

wouldcomethen.Hewilltellmewhathappenedtohimduringmyabsence.2)主句為過去時(shí)態(tài)主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是一般過去時(shí)，從句的謂語動(dòng)詞要用相應(yīng)的過去時(shí)態(tài)。e.g.Hesaidtherewerenoclassesyesterdayafternoon.HeaskedmeifIwasreadingthebookRed

and

Blackwhenhecamein.3)表示客觀事實(shí)或真理如果從句表示客觀事實(shí)或真理，不管主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是何時(shí)態(tài)，從句都要用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。e.g.Theteachersaidthattheworldis

madeupofmatter.（五）

表語從句1.表語從句的基本用法1)基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語＋系動(dòng)詞＋表語從句，常用的系動(dòng)詞有be，seem，remain，look等。e.g.Myideaisthatyoushouldmakegooduseofyourtime.ItseemsthathehasbeentoAmerica.2)asif/asthough引導(dǎo)的表語從句，系動(dòng)詞通常為look，seem，sound等，從句可以用陳述語氣，也可以用虛擬語氣。e.g.Itlooksasifitis/weregoingtosnow.3)that和what引導(dǎo)的表語從句的區(qū)別：

that引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)，起連接作用，沒有實(shí)際意義，不作句子成分；what引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)，既充當(dāng)連接代詞，又作句子成分。e.g.Ourplanisthatwe’llgothereonceaweek.That’swhathesaid.4)由連接副詞引導(dǎo)的表語從句：連接副詞where，why，when等引導(dǎo)表語從句，分別在從句中作地點(diǎn)、原因、時(shí)間狀語。e.g.Thatiswherethegreatwriterusedtolive.Thatiswhyhedidn’tpasstheexam.ThatwaswhenIwasthirty.2．表語從句需要注意的問題1)主語為名詞reason，表語從句用that而不用why引導(dǎo)。e.g.Thereasonwhyhewasabsentfromthemeetingwasthathefellillsuddenly.

Thereasonforsuchaseriousaccidentisthatthedriverwastoocarelessanddrunk.2)引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)，用whether，不能用if。e.g.Thequestioniswhetherhehassignedthecontract.(不能用if)3)表語從句中的虛擬語氣：如果主句的主語是名詞idea,advice,suggestion,order,request,requirement等時(shí)，則表語從句的謂語應(yīng)用虛擬語氣，“(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形”。e.g.Mysuggestionisthatwe(should)setoutatonce.

Thedoctor’sadviceisthatyou(should)restmoreanddrinkmore.4)使用連接詞時(shí)的注意事項(xiàng)：連接代詞和連接副詞一般都表疑問，但what,when和where等連接詞有兩種含義，一種表示疑問，一種表示陳述。表陳述時(shí)，相當(dāng)于thethingthat,thetimewhen,theplacewhere,常意為“……的人/事”、“……的時(shí)間”、“……的地點(diǎn)”等。e.g.Thisiswhereheoncelived.ThisiswhatIwanttoknow.Thatwaswhenhedidtheexperiment.句式意義例句Thatiswhy＋結(jié)果“那就是……的原因”Thatiswhywedon’ttrusthim.Thatisbecause＋原因“那是因?yàn)椤盩hatisbecauseheoftenlies.Thereasonwhy...isthat...“……的原因是……”Thereasonwhywedon’ttrusthimisthatheoftenlies.3.比較三個(gè)句式（六）

同位語從句在主從復(fù)合句中作同位語的從句，叫同位語從句。表示名詞的內(nèi)容，加以解釋。同位語從句的基本用法：1.能接同位語從句的名詞：fact,idea,news,promise,information,message,belief,doubt,hope,opinion,possibility,thought,wish,truth,question,problem,reply,answer,report,suggestion,advice,order,warning等等。2.that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句e.g.WewereveryexcitedatthenewsthatourChineseathleteswonmanygoldmedals.Theproblemthattheycan’tgethereearlyishardtosolve.溫馨提示同位語從句通常由that引導(dǎo)，但根據(jù)接同位語的名詞不同，也可由whether,when,who,how,what,why等引導(dǎo)。e.g.Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.Thequestionwhowastoblamehasneverbeensettled.（七）引導(dǎo)名詞性從句只用whether不用if的情況1.引導(dǎo)主語從句置于句首時(shí)：e.g.Whetherhecanfinishtheworkontimeisnotclear.2.引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)：e.g.Theproblemiswhetherthemeetingwillbeheld.3.引導(dǎo)同位語從句時(shí)：e.g.Ihavenoideawhetherheiswillingtohelpus.4.引導(dǎo)賓語從句前置時(shí)：e.g.WhethertheywilljoinintheWinterCampIdon’tcare.5.作介詞賓語時(shí)：e.g.Wearen’tinterestedinwhetherhewillagreewithusornot.6.作動(dòng)詞discuss的賓語時(shí)：e.g.Wearenowdiscussingwhetherweshouldgroupthesethreecompanies.7.其后接動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)：e.g.Canyoutellmewhethertogoortostay?8.與ornot直接連用時(shí)，用whether，即whetherornot，如果分開時(shí)，兩者都可以，即whether/if...ornot。e.g.Idon’tcarewhetherornothehasaholiday.＝Idon’tcarewhether/ifhehasaholidayornot.（八）同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別1.同位語從句既“說明、修飾”先行詞，又“等同”于先行詞。定語從句“修飾、限制”先行詞，由“關(guān)系詞”替代先行詞，在從句中充當(dāng)成分。e.g.WearedelightedatthenewsthatwearegoingtospendoursummervacationinDalian.(同位語從句)NeitherofusshowedanyinterestinthenewsthatJohntoldusyesterday.(定語從句)2.that在從句中的作用同位語從句中that為連接詞，只起連接作用，在從句中不作成分，一般也不能省略；定語從句中的that為關(guān)系代詞，在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分，可作主語、賓語和表語，作賓語時(shí)?？墒÷浴.g.Thenews(that)hetoldmesurprisedme.(定語從句)Thenewsthathegaveinsurprisedme.(同位語從句)3.其他引導(dǎo)詞的使用引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞除連接詞that外，還可用whether，連接代詞who，what及連接副詞when,where,how,why等；引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞除that外，還有關(guān)系代詞who,whom,whose,which,as以及關(guān)系副詞when,where,why。（九）wh-ever和“nomatter＋wh-”wh-ever既可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句，又可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，而nomatterwh-只能引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。e.g.Whatever/NomatterwhatIsaid，hewouldn’tlistentome.(讓步狀語從句)Hewouldbelievewhatever/anything

thatIsaid.(賓語從句)名詞性從句包括主語從句、賓語從句、同位語從句和表語從句?？疾橐c(diǎn)主要是連接代詞和副詞的正確使用，主語、謂語的語序，雙重連接詞以及特殊句型的使用等。其考點(diǎn)主要包括：考點(diǎn)歸納1.名詞性從句的連接詞。如：有詞義的連接代詞who,whose,whom,what,which;連接副詞when,where,why,how;從屬連詞that,whether,if,asif;無詞義的that在從句中不擔(dān)任成分，有時(shí)可省略。2.名詞性從句的語序和時(shí)態(tài)。3.it作形式主語、形式賓語的情況。如：1)It＋be＋形容詞＋that從句2)It＋be＋過去分詞＋that從句3)It＋be＋名詞＋that從句4)It＋不及物動(dòng)詞(appear,happen等)＋that從句4.名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣。如：1)Itis(was)＋essential(important,natural…)＋that…；2)Itis(was)suggested(demanded,wished,desired…)that…等。

5.what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)的語義功能和語法功能。如：what＝thethingthat/anythingthat…；what＝theplacethat…；what＝thetimethat…；what＝thepersonthat…等。6.whoever,whatever,whichever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)的語義功能和語法功能。重點(diǎn)考查連接詞that,what的用法；特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句；wh-ever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句。

從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Thebestmomentforthefootballstarwas_____hescoredthewinninggoal.

A.where

B.when

C.how

D.whyB2.“Everytimeyoueatasweet,drinkgreentea.”Thisis_____mymotherusedtotellme.

A.what

B.how

C.that

D.whether3.Somepeoplebelieve_____hashappenedbeforeorishappeningnowwillrepeatitselfinthefuture.A.whatever

B.whenever

C.wherever

D.howeverAA4.Itisdifficultforustoimagine_____lifewaslikeforslavesintheancientworld.

A.where

B.what

C.which

D.why5._____thedelayedflightwilltakeoffdependsmuchontheweather.

A.Why

B.When

C.That

D.WhatBB6.Ithink_____impressesmeabouthispaintingisthecoloursheuses.

A.what

B.that

C.which

D.who7.Theonlywaytosucceedatthehighestlevelistohavetotalbelief______youarebetterthananyoneelseonthesportsfield.

A.how

B.that

C.which

D.whetherBA8.

Ihavenoidea_____thecellphoneisn’tworking,socouldyoufixitforme?

A.what

B.why

C.if

D.which9.Thelimitsofaperson’sintelligence,generallyspeaking,arefixedatbirth,but_____hereachestheselimitswilldependonhisenvironment.A.where

B.whether

C.that

D.whyBB10.Scientistsstudy_____humanbrainsworktomakecomputers.

A.when

B.how

C.that

D.whetherB熱點(diǎn)考向

1主語從句

1.主要考點(diǎn):1)that引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí),常用it作形式主語,常見的句型:①It+be+形容詞+that從句②It+be+名詞(短語)+that從句③It+be+過去分詞(said/told/reported/decided等)+that從句④It+特殊動(dòng)詞(seems/appears/happens/matters)+that從句熱點(diǎn)預(yù)測(cè)2)what與that在引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)的區(qū)別:what引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分,如主語、賓語、表語,而that引導(dǎo)從句,不充當(dāng)成分。e.g.Whatyousaidyesterdayisright.(what引導(dǎo)主語從句,作said的賓語)

ThatEnglishisimportantisanundoubtedfact.(that引導(dǎo)主語從句,不作任何成分,但不可省略)3)主語從句若含有“是否”意義,其引導(dǎo)詞只能用whether,不能用if。e.g.Whetherhewillbeabletocometomorrowremainsaquestion.2.突破技巧:1)掌握形式主語的句式及變化，根據(jù)句意選取合適連接詞,除that在句子中沒有意義,但不能省略外,其他連接詞均在句中有意義。2)what,that,which,whether連接主語從句的區(qū)別。熱點(diǎn)考向2賓語從句

1.主要考點(diǎn):1)動(dòng)詞find,feel,think,consider,take(認(rèn)為),make,believe,guess,suppose,assume等后面有賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí),且賓語是從句時(shí),需用it作形式賓語而將that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句后置。2)賓語從句的語序?yàn)殛愂稣Z序;主句謂語動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí),從句謂語動(dòng)詞可以用各種時(shí)態(tài);主句謂語動(dòng)詞用一般過去時(shí),從句需用過去的相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài),但從句若表示客觀真理、規(guī)律,用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。e.g.Hesaidthathehadbeentothespacestation.3)由whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,要保持陳述句語序。此外,whether與if在作“是否”講時(shí),一般可以換用,但在下列情況下一般只能用whether,不用if。①引導(dǎo)的從句作介詞賓語時(shí)。e.g.Everythingdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughmoney.②從句中有or或whetherornot連用時(shí)。e.g.Iwonderwhetherornothewillcome.TellmewhetherornotIshouldinviteNick.③后接動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)。e.g.Canyoutellmewhethertogoortostay?2.突破技巧:1)把握句意,選取合適的連接詞、時(shí)態(tài)、語序;2)注意whether與if的互換和區(qū)別。熱點(diǎn)考向

3表語從句

1.考查內(nèi)容:1)表語從句常跟在這些系動(dòng)詞后,如be,look,remain,seem等。e.g.ThatisjustwhatIwant.2)除常用的連接代詞、副詞外,asif/though,because,why等也可以引導(dǎo)賓語從句。e.g.Itlooksasifit’sgoingtorain.3)引導(dǎo)表語從句的that不能省略;if不能用于引導(dǎo)表語從句。e.g.Thereasonisthathegotuplate.2.突破技巧:1)理解句意,把握語境,扣準(zhǔn)連接詞在句中的含義;2)掌握系動(dòng)詞后的表語從句辨析that,because,if,whether。熱點(diǎn)考向

4同位語從句

1.考查內(nèi)容:1)同位語從句中的名詞：在復(fù)合句中,同位語從句說明其前面名詞的具體內(nèi)容,同位語從句通常由that引導(dǎo)(that不能省略)?？捎糜谕徽Z從句的名詞有advice,demand,doubt,fact,hope,idea,information,message,news,order,problem,promise,question,request,suggestion,truth,wish,word等。e.g.ThenewsthattheShenzhou-Ⅹspaceshipsetoffsuccessfullyisexciting.Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomebackhome.ThethoughtcametohimthatMaryhadprobablyfallenill.2)同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別：在限制性定語從句中,關(guān)系代詞that充當(dāng)主語或賓語,有實(shí)際意義,作賓語時(shí),可省略。同位語從句中的that是連詞,不充當(dāng)句子成分,沒有任何意義,但不可省略。e.g.Thenews(that)weheardontheradiowasnottrue.(定語從句)Thenewsthatourfootballteamwonthematchwasencouraging.(同位語從句)2.突破技巧:1)熟記同位語從句的常用名詞;2)分析句子成分,防止句式變化;3)采取“意義法”區(qū)別同位語從句與定語從句。鞏固練習(xí)I.用正確的連接詞填空。1.—Haveyoufinishedthebook?—No,I’vereadupto________thewomancomesfrom.2.Beforegoingtothesupermarket,Imakealistof________wewillneedforthecomingweek.wherewhat3.Mysisterhas________ittakestobeadoctor.4.MrCurryrefusedtosay________hadorganizedthemeeting.However,everyoneknewitwasJim.5.Manyexpertsholdtheview________theworker’sdevelopmentiswherethekeytobetterproductionlies.6.—IpreferstayingathomealldayonSundays.—That’s________Idon’tagree.Youshouldhaveamoreactivelife.whatwhothat

where7.Jeremyshutthedoorheavilybehindhim.Nooneknew________hewassoangry.8.—Wehaven’tdiscussedyet________wearegoingtoplaceournewfurniture.—Youcanputitinthesittingroom.9.________somepeopleregardasadrawbackisseenasaplusbymanyothers.10.Itneveroccurredtome________Icouldhavethebooksenttome.whywhereWhatthatII.選用括號(hào)內(nèi)合適的內(nèi)容填空。1.—Whatmakesyousoupset?—________(That,Because)Ihavelostmycellphone.2.I’msomewhattiredofworkinghere.I’vebeenwondering________(if,why)Ishouldresign.3.Theteachershavebeentryingtodo________(whatever,however)ispossibletohelpthestudentswiththeirstudies.That

ifwhatever4.Mybrotherhadnodoubt________(that,whether)hecouldpassthedrivingtest,ashehadpracticedsomuch.5.Dennyhasn’trealized________