2024年高考英語核心考點(diǎn)精講精練（新高考專用）考點(diǎn)15 閱讀理解之猜測(cè)詞義（核心考點(diǎn)精講精練）

考點(diǎn)15閱讀理解

閱讀理解之猜測(cè)詞義（核心考點(diǎn)精講精練）

考情探究

1.三年真題考點(diǎn)分布

T點(diǎn)

題縱、詞義猜測(cè)之猜測(cè)詞義

2023試卷類型設(shè)問考點(diǎn)

閱讀理解

[2023?新高考全國(guó)I29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“declutler”in猜測(cè)單詞的意

卷]CParagraph3mean?思

[2023?新高考全國(guó)II30.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“relateto''in猜測(cè)短語的意

卷]CParagraph2mean?思

【2023年1月?浙江24.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“jumponthat猜測(cè)短語的意

卷】Bbandwagon^^meaninthefirstparagraph?思

[2023年1月?浙江29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“wrinkles”in猜測(cè)單詞的意

卷】Cparagraph2referto?思

[2023?全國(guó)甲卷]B24.Whichisclosestinmeaningto“adabhand''in猜測(cè)短語的意

Paragraph1?

思

[2023?全國(guó)乙卷]D34.Whatdoestheunderlinedword^conversation''猜測(cè)單詞的意

inParagraph3referto?

思

20222022?新高考I卷Whatdotheunderlinedwords“embarkon”meanin猜測(cè)單詞的意

paragraph7?思

2022.全國(guó)高考乙卷29.Whatdoesumaintenance^^underlinedin猜測(cè)單詞的意

paragraph3referto?思

2022年新高考全國(guó)24.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“hithome猜測(cè)短語的意

II卷fbrme”meaninparagraph2?思

2022?全國(guó)甲卷28.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“takethe猜測(cè)短語的意

piungc,'underlinedinparagraph2?思

20212021?英語全國(guó)甲卷29.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“Safe!Safe!猜測(cè)單詞的意

Safe!”probablymean?思

2021年新高考I卷之29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"decimate”猜測(cè)單詞的意

C篇meaninthefirstparagraph?思

2021年全國(guó)乙卷之25.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“concede”猜測(cè)單詞的意

B篇inparagraph3mean?思

1

2021年新高考II卷25.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“getupto猜測(cè)短語的意

之B篇mischief'meaninparagraph3?思

2.命題規(guī)律及備考策略

【命題規(guī)律】近3年新高考卷對(duì)于閱讀理解中猜測(cè)詞義的考點(diǎn)考查了14次。主要考查：

根據(jù)閱讀文章部分內(nèi)容來猜測(cè)詞義。猜測(cè)詞義的考查類型：I.單個(gè)單詞的意思；2.考查短語的意思、；3.考查句子的意

思；4.考查代詞的意思；5.考查熟伺生意；6.考查生詞生意。

【備考策略】系統(tǒng)歸類猜測(cè)詞義的方法；熟練掌握閱讀技能。

【命題預(yù)測(cè)】

通過閱讀理解中的猜測(cè)詞義，考查考生推測(cè)詞義的能力、培養(yǎng)學(xué)生整體把握文章內(nèi)容，不拘泥于細(xì)節(jié)，對(duì)于生

詞可以通過上下文理解其含義。因此，猜測(cè)詞義還將在2024年高考中出現(xiàn)。

考點(diǎn)梳理

【2024年高考命題預(yù)測(cè)】

詞義猜測(cè)之猜測(cè)單詞的意思考點(diǎn)是高考中的必考點(diǎn)。每年的高考閱讀理解中都會(huì)有猜測(cè)單詞的意思題以考查學(xué)

生的猜;則詞義能力。預(yù)測(cè)在2024高考中，猜測(cè)單詞的意思會(huì)繼續(xù)在高考閱讀理解中呈現(xiàn)。

【詞義猜測(cè)之猜測(cè)單詞的意思考點(diǎn)指南】

規(guī)律方法：

常見的設(shè)問方式：

1.Whatdotheunderlinedwords”"meaninparagraph7?

2.Whatdoes"''underlinedinparagraph3referto?

3.Theword""inparagraph2means?

4.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"”probablymean?

規(guī)律方法如何解決猜測(cè)詞義題？

此類題目有的可利用構(gòu)詞法來解答，首先要弄明白構(gòu)詞法的三種形式：派生法、轉(zhuǎn)

化法和合成法，現(xiàn)在高考閱讀理解題中的猜測(cè)詞義題考查派生和合成詞形式的較少，主要是需要利用上下文的已知

部分進(jìn)行推理；有的還需要依匏常識(shí)和經(jīng)驗(yàn)來猜測(cè)詞義：還有的可以根據(jù)定義、解釋和舉例猜測(cè)詞義。

☆典例引領(lǐng)

1.[2023?新高考全國(guó)I卷]

C

Thegoalofthisbookistomakethecasefordigitalminimalism,includingadetailedexplorationofwhatitasksand

whyitworks,andthentoteachyouhowtoadoptthisphilosophyifyoudecideit'srightfbryou.

Todoso,Idividedthebookinto(woparts.Inpartone,Idescribethephilosophicalfoundationsofdigitalminimalism,

startingwithanexaminationoftheforcesthataremakingsomanypeople'sdigitallivesincreasinglyintolerable,before

movingontoadetaileddiscussionofthedigitalminimalismphilosophy.

Partoneconcludesbyintroducingmysuggestedmethodforadoptingthisphilosophy:thedigitaldecluttcr.This

2

processrequiresyou(ostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesforthirtydays.Attheendofthethirtydays,youwillthen

addbackasmallnumberofcarefullychosenonlineactivitiesthatyoubelievewillprovidemassivebenefitstothethings

youvalue.

Inthefinalchapterofpartone,I'llguideyouthroughcarryingoutyourowndigitaldec1utter.Indoingso,Tildrawon

anexperimentIranin2018inwhichover1,600peopleagreedtoperformadigitaldeclutter.You'llheartheseparticipants'

storiesandlearnwhatstrategicsworkedwellforthem,andwhattrapstheyencounteredthatyoushouldavoid.

Thesecondpartofthisbooktakesacloserlookatsomeideasthatwillhelpyoucultivate(培養(yǎng))asustainabledigital

minimalismlifestyle.Inthesechapters,Iexamineissuessuchastheimportanceofsolilude(獨(dú)處)andthenecessityof

cultivatinghigh-qualityleisuretoreplacethetimemostnowspendonmindlessdeviceuse.Eachchapterconcludeswitha

collectionofpractices,whicharedesignedtohelpyouactonthebigideasofthechapter.Youcanviewthesepracticesasa

toolboxmeanttoaidyoureffortstobuildaminimalistlifestylethatworksforyourparticularcircumstances.

()29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword'declutter“inParagraph3mean?

A.Clear-up.

B.Add-on.

C.Check-in.

D.Take-over.

【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一本有關(guān)數(shù)字極簡(jiǎn)主義的書的具體內(nèi)容。

29.A詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞所在句的卜文“Thisprocessrequiresyoutostepawayfromoptionalonlineactivitiesfor

thirtydays.”可知，這個(gè)過程要求你在30天內(nèi)遠(yuǎn)離可選的在線活動(dòng)。由此推知，畫線詞所在句意為“第一部分通過介紹

我建議的采用這一哲學(xué)的方法:數(shù)字清理進(jìn)行了總結(jié)”，因此畫線詞的含義為“清理”。

2.【2023年1月?浙江卷】C

Amachinecannownotonlybeatyouatchess,itcanalsooutperformyouindebate.Lastweek,inapublicdebatein

SanFrancisco,asoftwareprogramcalledProjectDebaterbeatitshumanopponents,includingNoaOvadia,Israel'sformer

nationaldebatingchampion.

Brlliantthoughi(is.ProjectDebaterhassomeweaknesses.Ittakessentencesfromitslibraryofdocumentsand

prebuiltargumentsandstringsthemtogether.Thiscanleadtothekindsoferrorsnohumanwouldmake.Suchwrinkleswill

nodoubtbeironedout,yettheyalsopointtoafundamentalproblem.AsKristianHammond,professorofelectrical

engineeringandcomputerscienceatNorthwesternUniversity,putit:"There'sneverastageatwhichthesystemknows

whatit'stalkingabout.^^

WhatHammondisreferringtoisthequestionofmeaning,andmeaningiscentraltowhatdistinguishestheleast

intelligentofhumansfromthemostintelligentofmachines.Acomputerworkswithsymbols.Itsprogramspecifiesasetof

rulestotransformonestringofsymbolsintoanother.Butitdoesnotspecifywhatthosesymbolsmean.Indeed,toa

computer,meaningisirrelevant.Humans,inthinking,talking,readingandwriting,alsoworkwithsymbols.Butforhumans,

meaningiseverything.Whenwecommunicate,wecommunicatemeaning.Whatmattersisnotjust(heoutsideofastringof

symbols,buttheinsidetoo,notjusthowtheyarearrangedbutwhattheymean.

Meaningemergesthroughaprocessofsocialinteraction,notofcomputation,interactionthatshapesthecontentofthe

symbolsinourheads.Therulesthatassignmeaninglienotjustinsideourheads,butalsooutside,insocie:y,insocial

memory,socialconventionsandsocialrelations.Itisthisthatdistinguisheshumansfrommachines.AndIhat'swhy,

howeverastonishingProjectDebatermayseem,thetraditionthatbeganv/ithSocratesandConfuciuswillnotendwith

artificialintelligence.

29.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“wrinkles”inparagraph2referto?

3

A.Arguments.B.Doubts.C.Errors.D.Differences.

【答案】29.C

【文章大意】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，主要介紹的是在辯論中戰(zhàn)勝人類的名為ProjectDebaler的軟件程序。

29.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段的“Brilliantthoughitis,ProjectDebaterhassomeweaknesses.Ittakessentencesfromits

libraryofdocumentsandprebuiltargumentsandstringsthemtogelhe匚Thiscanleadtothekindsoferrorsnohumanwould

make.（盡管ProjectDebater很聰明，但它也有一些弱點(diǎn)。它從文檔庫(kù)和預(yù)先構(gòu)建的參數(shù)中提取句子，并將它們串在

一起。這可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致人類不會(huì)犯的錯(cuò)誤。）”和“willnodoubtbeironedout（亳無疑問會(huì)被解決）''可知，劃線詞所在句了，

表示“這樣的錯(cuò)誤會(huì)被糾正，被解決"，劃線詞wrinkles的意思是“錯(cuò)誤”，和errors意思相近，故選C。

3.[2023.全國(guó)乙卷]

D

Ifyouwanttotellthehistoryofthewholeworld,ahistorythatdoesnotprivilegeonepartofhumanity,youcannotdo

itthroughtextsalone,becauseonlysomeoftheworldhaseverhadtexts,whilemostoftheworld,formostofthetime,has

not.Writingisoneofhumanity'slaterachievements,anduntilfairlyrecentlyevenmanyliterate（有文字的）societies

recordedtheirconcernsnotonlyinwritingbutinthings.

Ideallyahistorywouldbringtogethertextsandobjects,andsomechaptersofthisbookareabletodojustthat,butin

manycaseswesimplycaivt.Theclearestexampleofthisbetweenliterateandnon-1iteratehistoryisperhapsthefirst

conflict,atBotanyBay,betweenCaptainCook'svoyageandtheAustralianAboriginals.FromtheEnglishside,wehave

scientificreportsandthecaptainJsrecordofthatterribleday.FromtheAustralianside,wehaveonlyawoodenshield（fi）

droppedbyamaninflightafterhisfirstexperienceofgunshot.Ifwewanttoreconstructwhatwasactuallygoingonthat

day,theshieldmustbequestionedandinterpretedasdeeplyandstrictlyasthewrittenreports.

Inadditiontotheproblemofmiscomprehensionfrombothsides,therearevictoriesaccidentallyordeliberatelytwisted,

especiallywhenonlythevictorsknowhowtowrite.Thosewhoareonthelosingsideoftenhaveonlytheirthingstotell

theirstories.TheCaribbeanTaino,theAustralianAboriginals,theAfricanpeopleofBeninandtheIncas,allofwhom

appearinthisbook,canspeaktousnowoftheirpastachievementsmostpowerfullythroughtheobjectstheymade:ahistory

toldthroughthingsgivesthembackavoice.Whenweconsidercontacl（聯(lián)系）betweenliterateandnon-1iteratesocieties

suchasthese,allourfirst-handaccountsarenecessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.Ifwearetofindtheotherhalf

ofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts.buttheobjects.

（）34.Whatdocstheunderlinedword“conversation”inParagraph3referto?

A.Problem.

B.History.

C.Voice.

□.Society.

【文章大意】本文出自一本書的節(jié)選，探討了歷史記錄中文本與物品之間的關(guān)系,指出僅憑文本無法全面記錄歷史，

文章提到了物品記錄歷史的重要性，它在提供雙方信息平衡方面具有重要意義。

34.B司義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線詞前“…allourfirst-handaccountsarenecessarilytwisted,onlyonehalfofadialogue.“可知，

我們所有的第一手資料都必然是扭曲的,只是單方面的，不是歷史的全部真相;根據(jù)畫線詞所在句“Ifwcarctofindthe

otherhalfofthatconversation,wehavetoreadnotjustthetexts,buttheobjects.”可知,如果我們想找到那個(gè)"conversation”

的另一半,我們不僅需要讀文本，還需要讀物品。由此可推知,畫線詞指的是“歷史”,故選B項(xiàng)。

即時(shí)檢測(cè)

4

L【江蘇省七市（南通、泰州、揚(yáng)州、徐州、淮安、連云港、宿遷）高考二?！?/p>

Almosteveryonehasheard（heexpression,°thecalmbeforethestorm'Mtisusuallyusedtodescribeapeacefulperiod

justbeforeaverystressfulsituationoratenseargument.

Britishsailorscoinedthephraseinthelate1600s;theynotedthatbeforecertainstormstheseaswouldseemtobecome.

sta【icandthewindswoulddrop.

Butwhyisitoftensocalmbeforeastorm?

Sciencehasgivenustheanswer.AccordingtoUSinfotainment（資訊娛樂）websiteHowStuffWorks,acalmperiod

occursbecausemanystorms,suchastornadoesandhurricanes,drawinallthewarmandhumidairfromthesurrounding

area.Asthisairrisesintothestormclouds,itcoolsandactsasforthestorm,likepetrolinacar".

Oncethestormhastakenalltheenergyitcanfromtheair,itispushedoutfromthetopofthestormcloudsandfalls

backdowntogroundlevel.Astheairdescends,itbecomeswarmanddry.Warm,dryairisstable,soonceitcoversanarea,

itcausesacalmperiodbeforethestorm.

Thissameprocessalsocausesthe"?yeofthestorm''inhurricanesandtornadoes.Intheseconditions,thecalmoccurs

inthecenterofthestormbecauseofthestrongrotatingwinds.

TheWeatherNetworkhasatipforworkingouthowfarawayastormis.First,counthowmanysecondsthereare

betweenaflashoflightningandaclapofthunder.Roughlythreesecondsequalonekilometer.So,forexample,ifyoucount

nineseconds,thestormisabout3kilometersaway.Agoodevaluationisthatifyourcouniisbelow30seconds,youshould

seekshelterstraightaway.

Hcwever,duetothecomplexityofstormsystem,notallstormsareprecededbycalm.Giventherightconditions,some

stormsannouncethemselveswithheavyrainandchillingwinds.

So,yourbestbetistokeepyourselfupdatedwithweatherreportsforanypredictionsregardingacomingstorminyour

area.Tkafsthemostreliableandsensiblewaytopredictthenextdisplayofnature'stemper.

28.Theunderlinedword“static“inParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto.

A.violentB.quietC.fast-changingD.warm

【答案】28.B

【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章對(duì)“暴風(fēng)雨前的寧?kù)o”這一情況做出了科學(xué)的解釋，說明了一種計(jì)算暴風(fēng)雨距離的

竅門，并且提到實(shí)時(shí)更新天氣預(yù)報(bào)才是預(yù)測(cè)天氣最可靠的方法。

28.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段中的"Itisusuallyusedtodescribeapeacefulperiodjustbeforeaverystressfulsituationora

tenseargument.（它通常用來描述在一個(gè)非常緊張的情況或爭(zhēng)論之前的一段平靜的時(shí)期）”，以及劃線詞后的“hewinds

woulddrop.Butwhyisitoftensocalmbeforeastoim?（風(fēng)力會(huì)減弱。但是為什么暴風(fēng)雨前總是那么平靜呢?）“可知，在

某些暴風(fēng)雨來臨之前，海水是靜止的。由此可知?jiǎng)澗€詞意為“靜止的“，故選B,

2.【河北省邯鄲市十校聯(lián)考】

CurtinUniversityresearchhasfoundasimpleandaffordablemethodtodeterminewhichchemicalsandtypesof

metalsarcbestusedtostoreandsupplyenergy,inabreakthroughforanybattcry-rundevicesandtechnologiesrelyingon

thefastandreliablesupplyofelectricity,includingsmartphonesandtablets.

LeadauthorAssociateProfessorSimoneCiampifromCurtin'sSchoolofMolecularandLifeSciencessaidthiseasy,

low-costmethodofdetermininghowtoproduceandkeepthehighestenergychargeinacapacitor（電容器）.couldbeof

greatbenefittoallscientists,engineersandstart-upslookingtosolvingtheenergystoragechallengesofthefuture.

“AHelectronicdevicesrequireanenergysource.Whileabatteryneedstoberechargedovertime,acapacitorcanbe

chargedinstantlybecauseitstoresenergybyseparatingchargedions（離子），foundinionicliquids,“Ciampisaid.

5

Therearethousandsoftypesofionicliquids,atypeof“l(fā)iquidsail”,anduntilnow,itwasdifYiculttoknowwhich

wouldbebestsuitedforuseinacapacitor.Whatourteamhasdoneisdesigningaquickandeasytest,abletobeperformed

inabasiclab,whichcanmeasureboththeabilitytostorechargewhenasolidelectrodetouchesagivenionicliquid—a

simplecapacitor—aswellasthestabilityofthedevicewhencharged.

“Thesimplicitythistestmeansanyonecanapplyitwithouttheneedforexpensiveequipment.Usingthismethod,

researchersfoundthatchargingthedevicefbr60secondsproducedafullcharge,whichdidnot4leak'（滲漏）andbeginto

diminishfbratleastfourdaysJMrBeloltisaid.

Thenextstepistousethisnewscreeningmethodtofindionicliquidwithanevenlongerdurationinthechargedstate

andlargerenergydensity.

14.Whaldocstheuiidurlinudword“diininish“inparagraph5probablymean?

A.Charge.B.Develop.

C.Expand.D.Decrease.

【答案】14.D

【解析】這是一篇說明文?？仆⒋髮W(xué)（CurtinUniversity）的一項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)了一種簡(jiǎn)單而經(jīng)濟(jì)的方法，可以確定哪種化

學(xué)物質(zhì)和金屬類型最適合用于儲(chǔ)存和供應(yīng)能源。

14.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)前文“researchersfoundthatchargingthedevicefor60secondsproducedafullcharge,whichdidnot

"cak，（研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，給手機(jī)充電60秒就能充滿電，而且不會(huì)漏電）”和下文“foratleastfourdays”可知，充滿電以后

電量至少持續(xù)四天才開始“減少故選D項(xiàng)。

【詞義猜測(cè)之猜測(cè)短語的意思考點(diǎn)指南】

規(guī)律方法：

常見的設(shè)問方式：

I.Whatdotheunderlinedphrase""meaninparagraph2?

2.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains”"underlinedinparagraph2?

3.Whatdotheunderlinedphrase""meaninparagraph3?

4.Whatdotheunderlinedphrase""refertointhelastparagraph?

規(guī)律方法2：如何解決猜測(cè)短語題？

猜測(cè)短語題要利用出現(xiàn)短語的上文與其意義上的聯(lián)系或下文進(jìn)一步的敘述來猜測(cè)它的意思或利用文章中所出

現(xiàn)的與短語意思相反的內(nèi)容來猜測(cè)其語意。

力典例引領(lǐng)

U2023?新高考全國(guó)II卷］

C

ReadingArt:ArtforBookLoversisacelebrationofaneveiydayobject—thebook,representedhereinalmostthree

hundredartworksfrommuseumsaroundtheworld.Theimageof（hereaderappearsthroughouthistory.inartmadelong

beforebooksaswenowknowthemcameintobeing.Inartists'representationsofbooksandreading,weseemomentsof

sharedhumanitythatgobeyondcultureandtime.

Inthis“bookofbooks”,artworksarcselectedandarrangedinawaythatemphasizestheseconnectionsbetween

differenterasandcultures.Weseescenesofchildrenlearningtoreadathomeoratschool,with（hebookasafocusfor

relationsbetweenthegenerations.Adultsareportrayed（描繪）aloneinmanysettingsandposes—absorbedinavolume,

6

deepinthoughtorlostinamomentofleisure.Thesescenesmayhavebsenpaintedhundredsofyearsago,buttheyrecord

momentswecanallrelateto.

Booksthemselvesmaybeusedsymbolicallyinpaintingstodemonstratetheintellect(才智)，wealthorfaithofthe

subject.Beforethewideuseoftheprintingpress,booksweretreasuredobjectsandcouldbeworksofartintheirownright.

Morerecently,asbookshavebecomeinexpensiveoreventhrowaway,artistshaveusedthemastherawmaterialfor

artworks—transformingcovers,pagesorevencompletevolumesintopaintingsandsculptures.

Continueddevelopmentsincommunicationtechnologieswereoncebelievedtomaketheprintedpageoutdated.From

a21st-ccnturypointofview,theprintedbookiscertainlyancient,butitremainsasinteractiveasanybattery-powered

e-reader.Toserveitsfunction,abookmustbeactivatedbyauser:thecoveropened,thepagesparted,(hecontentsreviewed,

perhapsnoteswrittendownorwordsunderlined.Andincontrasttoourincreasinglynetworkedliveswheretheinformation

weconsumeismonitoredandtracked,aprintedbookstilloffersthechanceofawhollyprivate,"ofl-line^activity.

()30.Whatdotheunderlinedwords"relateto”inParagraph2mean?

A.Understand.

B.Paint.

C.Seize.

0.Transform.

【文章大意】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了一本關(guān)于書本的書，該書通過來自世界各地博物館的藝術(shù)作品展現(xiàn)了讀書場(chǎng)

景在歷史中的呈現(xiàn)和超越文化和時(shí)間的人性共同點(diǎn)。

30.A詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫線部分前文“Thesescenesmayhavebeenpaintedhundredsofyearsago,buttheyrecord

moments…”可知，這些場(chǎng)景可能是數(shù)百年前繪制的，但它們記錄了?些我們都能“relateto”的時(shí)刻。再根據(jù)第二段中的

“Weseescenesofchildrenlearningto...”可推知，這些場(chǎng)景我們都很熟悉,因此也能理解，故畫線部分"relateto”意為“理

解”。故選A項(xiàng)。

2.【2023年1月?浙江卷】B

Livewithroommates?Havefriendsandfamilyaroundyou?Chancesarethatifyou'relookingtoliveamore

sustainablelifestyle,noteveryonearoundyouwillbereadyloiumDoniha【bandwagon.

Iexperiencedthiswhen1startedswitchingtoazerowastelifestylefiveyearsago,asIwaslivingwithmyparents,and

Icontinuetoexperiencethiswithmyhusband,asheisnotcompletelyzerowastelikeme.I'velearnedafewthingsalong

thewaythough,whichIhopeyou'llfindencouragingifyou'redoingyourbesttofigureouthowyoucanmakethechange

inanol-always-supportivehousehold.

Zerowastewasaradicallifestylemovementafewyearsback.IremembershowingmyparentsavideoofBeaJohnson,

sharinghowcoolIthoughtitwouldbetobuygrocerieswithjars,andhavesolittletrash!Afewdayslater.Icamebackwith

myfirstjarsofzciuwastegroceries,andniydadcuiiiiiicnlcdonhowsill)ilwasformelocarryjarseverywhere.Ituamc

offasabitdiscouraging.

Yetasthemonthsofreducingwastecontinued,IdidwhatIcouldthatwaswithinmyownreach.Ihadmyown

bedroom,soIworkedonremovingthings1didn'tneed.Since1hadmyowntoiletries(洗漱用品)，Iwasabletostart

personiilisingmyroutinetobemoresustainable.Ialsoofferedtocookeverysooften,soIportionedoutabitofthe

cupboardfbrmyownzerowastegroceries.Perhapsyourhouseholdwon'tentirelymaketheswitch,butyoumayhavesome

controloveryourownpersonalspacestomakethechangesyoudesire.

Asyoumakeyourlifestylechanges,youmayfindyourselfwantinglospeakupforyourselfifotherscommenton

whatyou'redoing,whichcanturnitselfintoawholehouseholddebate.I:youhaveindividualswhoarenotonboard,your

wordsprobablywon'tdomuchandcanoftenleaveyoufeelingmorediscouraged.

7

Sohereismyadvice:Leadbyaction.

24.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“jumponthatbandwagon“meaninthefirstparagraph?

A.Shareanapartmentwithyou.B.Joinyouinwhatyou'redoing.

C.Transformyourwayofliving.D.Helpyoutomakethedecision.

【答案】24.B

【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者如何在家庭中過零浪費(fèi)的生活方式。

24.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線部分前文“Chancesarcthatifyou'relookingtoliveamoresustainablelifestyle,noteveryone

aroundyouwillbereadylo（如果你想過一種更可持續(xù)的生活方式，可能不是你周圍的每個(gè)人都準(zhǔn)備好）”及第二段中的

"I'velearnedafewthingsalongthewaythough,whichIhopeyou'llfindencouragingifyou'redoingyourbesttofigure

outhowyoucanmakethechangeinanot-always-supportivchousehold.（在這個(gè)過程中，我學(xué)到了一些東西，我希望如

果你在一個(gè)不總是支持你的家庭中盡最大努力去弄清楚如何做出改變，你會(huì)感到鼓舞）“可知，如果你想過一種更可

持續(xù)的牛.活方式，可能不是你周圍的每個(gè)人都準(zhǔn)備好加入這一運(yùn)動(dòng)。由此推知，劃線詞組jumponthatbandwagon

與Joinyouinwhatyou'redoing.（加入你正在做的事情）意思接近。故迷B。

3J2023?全國(guó)甲卷］

B

TerriBoltonisadabhandwhenilconiestoDIY（do-it-yourself）.Skilledatputtingupshelvesandpiecingtogether

furniture,sheneverpayssomeoneelsetodoajobshecandoherself.

ShecreditstheseskillstoherlategrandfatherandbuilderDerekLloyd.Fromtheageofsix,Terri,now26,

accompaniedDerektoworkduringherschoolholidays.Aday'sworkwasrewardedwith￡5inpocketmoney.She

says:"I'msureIwasn'tmuchofahelptostartwithpaintingtheroomsandputtingdowntheflooringthroughoutthehouse.

Ittookweeksandwasbackbreakingwork,but1knowhewasproudofmyskills.”

Terri,whonowrentsahousewithfriendsinWandsworth,SouthWestLondon,saysDIYalsosavesherfromlosing

anydepositwhenatenancy（租期］）comestoanend.Sheadds:'T'vemovedhousemanytimesandIalwaysliketo

personalisemyroomandputuppictures.So,it'sbeenusefultoknowhowtocoverupholesandrepaintaroomtoavoidany

chargeswhenTvcmovedout.”

WithmillionsofpeoplelikelytolakeonDIYprojectsoverthecomingweeks,newresearchshows（hatmore（hanhalf

ofpeopleareplanningtomakethemostofthelong,warmsummerdaystogetjobsdone.Theaveragespendperproject

willbearound￡823.Twothirdsofpeopleaimtoimprovetheircomfortwhileathome.Twofifthwishtoincreasethe

valueoftheirhouse.ThoughDIYhastraditionallybeenseenasmalehobby,theresearchshowsitiswomennowleading

thecharge.

（）24.Whichisclosestinmeaningto"adabhand''inParagraph1?

A.Anartist.

B.Awinner.

C.Aspecialist.

D.Apioneer.

【文章大意】本文是一篇記敘文。文章介紹了TerriBolton是怎樣成為DIY高手的以及她是怎樣從中受益的。文章

最后還說明了目前女性在DIY中占主導(dǎo)地位。

24.C詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章第一段中的“Skilledatputtingupshelvesandpiecingtogetherfurniture,sheneverpays

someoneelsetodoajobshecandoherself.”可知,TerriBolton擅長(zhǎng)搭架f,和拼接家具，她從不付錢讓別人做她自己能做

8

的工作，所以她在自己動(dòng)手做東西的方面是專家。故選C。

4.C【2022?新高考I卷】

Theelderlyresidents（居民）incarehomesinLondonarcbeinggivenhenstolookaftertostopthemfeelinglonely.

TheprojectwasdreamedupbyaIccalcharily（慈善組織）toreducelonelinessandimproveelderlypeople'swellbeing.

Itisalsobeingusedtohelppatientssufferingdementia,aseriousillnessofthemind.Staffincarehomeshavereporteda

reductionintheuseofmedicinewherehensareinuse.

Amongthosetakingpartintheprojectis80-year-okiRuthXavier.Shesaid:"IusedtokeephenswhenIwasyounger

andhadtopreparetheirbreakfasteachmorningbefore1wenttoschool.''

*4liketheprojectalot.Iamdownthereinmywheelchairinthemorninglettingthehensoutanddownthereagainat

nighttoseethey'vegonetobed”

"It'sgoodtohaveadifferentfbcus.Peoplehavebeenbringingtheirchildrenintoseethehensandresidentscomeand

sitoutsidetowatchthem.I'menjoyingthecreativeactivities,anditfeelsgreattohavedonesomethinguseful”

Therearenow700elderlypeoplelookingafterhensin20carehomesintheNorthEast,andthecharityhasbeengiven

financialsupporttorolli（outcountrywide.

WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneofthefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:"Residents

reallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.Wearelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheproject

canbringtopeoplehere.”

LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:"Wearehappytobetakingpartintheproject.Itwillreallyhelp

connectourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities.”

10.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“embarkon”meaninparagraph7?

A.Improve.B.Oppose.C.Begin.D.Evaluate.

【答案】10.C

【解析】本文是一篇說明文。主要講述了旨在減少孤獨(dú)，改善老年人的健康狀況的項(xiàng)目。

10.C詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段中的“Residentsreallywelcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.

Wearelookingforwardto（hebenefitsandfun（heprojectcanbringtopeoplehere.（居民們非常歡迎該項(xiàng)目的想法和創(chuàng)

意會(huì)議。我們期待這個(gè)項(xiàng)目能給這里的人們帶來好處和樂趣）”以及劃線處前的“oneofthefirst（第一批人之一）”可知

WendyWilson是著手這項(xiàng)工程的人之一，劃線處的含義與C項(xiàng)：“Begin（開始）”含義相近。故選