翻譯三級筆譯實務分類真題1

翻譯三級筆譯實務分類真題1SectionⅠEnglishChineseTranslation1.

Freedbywarming,watersoncelockedbeneathice（江南博哥）aregnawingatcoastalsettlementsaroundtheArcticCircle.

InBykovsky,avillageof457onRussia'snortheastcoast,theshorelineiscollapsing,creepingcloserandclosertohousesandtanksofheatingoil,atarateof15to18feetayear.

"Itispracticallyallice—permafrost—anditisthawing."ForthefourmillionpeoplewholivenorthoftheArcticCircle,achangingclimatepresentsnewopportunities.Butitalsothreatenstheirenvironment,theirhomesand,forthosewhosetraditionsrelyontheice-boundwilderness,thepreservationoftheirculture.

ApushtodeveloptheNorth,quickenedbythemeltingoftheArcticseas,carriesitsownrewardsanddangersforpeopleintheregion.ThediscoveryofvastpetroleumfieldsintheBarentsandKaraSeashasraisedfearsofcatastrophicaccidentsasshipsloadedwithoiland,soon,liquefiedgaschurnthroughthefisheriesoffScandinavia,headedtomarketsinEuropeandNorthAmerica.Landthatwasuntouchedcouldbetaintedbypollutionasgenerators,smokestacksandlargevehiclessprouttosupportthegrowingenergyindustry.

CoastalerosionisaprobleminAlaskaaswell,forcingtheUnitedStatestopreparetorelocateseveralInuitvillagesataprojectedcostof$100millionormoreforeachone.

AcrosstheArctic,indigenoustribeswithtraditionsshapedbycenturiesoflivinginextremesofcoldandicearenoticingchangesinweatherandwildlife.Theyaretryingtoadapt,butitcanbeconfounding.

InFinnmark,Norway'snorthernmostprovince,theArcticlandscapeunfoldsinlatewinterasanendlesssnowyplateau,silentbutforthecriesofthereindeerandtheoccasionalwhineofasnowmobileherdingthem.

AchangingArcticisfeltthere,too."Thereindeerarebecomingunhappy,"saidIssatEira,a31-year-oldreindeerherder.

FewcountriesrivalNorwaywhenitcomestoprotectingtheenvironmentandpreservingindigenouscustoms.Thestatehaslavisheditsoilwealthontheregion,andSamiculturehasenjoyedsomethingofarenaissance.

AndyetnoamountofgovernmentsupportcanconvinceMr.Eirathathislivelihood,intractablyentwinedwiththereindeer,isnotabouttochange.LikeaTexascattleman,hekeepsthesizeofhisherdsecret.Buthesaidwarmertemperaturesinfallandspringweremeltingthetoplayersofsnow,whichthenrefreezeasice,makingitharderforhisreindeertodigthroughtothelichentheyeat.

"Thepeoplewhoaremakingthedecisions,theyarelivinginthesouthandtheyarelivingintowns,"saidMr.Eira,sittinginsidehishomemadeofreindeerhides."Theydon'tmarkthechangeofweather.Itisonlypeoplewholiveinnatureandgetresourcesfromnaturewhomarkit."正確答案：隨著全球變暖，海冰逐漸融化，海水水位上漲，侵蝕著北極圈附近的沿海居住區(qū)。

位于俄羅斯東北海岸的拜考夫斯基村(Bykovsky)居住著457名村民，這里的海岸線逐漸受到侵蝕，每年以15至18英尺的速度后退，日益逼近村舍和取暖用油桶。

“這里實際上是永凍層，全是冰，而現(xiàn)在冰層都在融化。”對于生活在北極圈以北的400萬居民來說，氣候變化帶來了新機遇，但也對他們的生活環(huán)境和住所構成了威脅。很多居民世代生活在冰天雪地的荒野里，形成了自己獨特的文化習俗，氣候變化給當?shù)匚幕Ｗo工作也同樣帶來了威脅。

隨著北冰洋海冰日漸融化，人們開始加速開發(fā)北極地區(qū)，這對于生活在極地的居民來說利弊兼有。在巴倫支海和卡拉海地區(qū)發(fā)現(xiàn)了大型油田后，人們不禁擔心，滿載著石油(不久后還會有液化氣)的船只穿行斯堪的納維亞沿岸的漁場前往歐洲和北美市場的途中可能會發(fā)生災難性事故。隨著北極地區(qū)能源工業(yè)的蓬勃發(fā)展，發(fā)電廠、煙囪和大型運輸工具等配套設備、設施相繼建立或出現(xiàn)，這片未被人類染指的凈土也終將會受到污染。

阿拉斯加也面臨海岸線遭受侵蝕的問題。對此，美國政府計劃對因紐特人居住的幾個村莊進行搬遷，每個村莊的搬遷成本預計在1億美元以上。

北極地區(qū)的土著部落幾百年來都生活在冰封雪凍的極端自然環(huán)境里，形成了自己獨特的文化傳統(tǒng)?，F(xiàn)在，他們開始注意到天氣和野生動物的變化，也在積極努力去適應氣候變化，但這又談何容易。

在挪威最北端的芬馬克省，冬末時節(jié)的北極地區(qū)是一望無際的雪域景象，萬籟俱寂，偶爾能聽到馴鹿的嘶鳴聲和養(yǎng)鹿人駕駛的雪地摩托發(fā)出的轟鳴聲。

即使在這里也能感受到氣候變化的影響?，F(xiàn)年31歲的養(yǎng)鹿人埃拉說：“馴鹿越來越不開心?！?/p>

挪威的環(huán)保工作和土著文化保護工作走在世界前列。挪威政府拿出相當部分的石油收入用來保護這里的土著文化，薩米文化也由此迎來了復興。

埃拉的生活與馴鹿已經(jīng)密不可分。然而，他認為，無論政府投入多少資金用于土著文化保護，他的生活方式也終將會發(fā)生變化。像得克薩斯州的牧場主一樣，埃拉不愿透露自己養(yǎng)了多少頭馴鹿。不過，他說春秋季節(jié)天氣轉(zhuǎn)暖使得雪地的上層融化，之后融化的雪水(到了夏冬季節(jié))再次結冰，馴鹿想要吃到底層的地衣就更不容易了。

“他們決策者都住在(北極圈)以南的城鎮(zhèn)里，”埃拉坐在自己用鹿皮搭建的屋子里說道，“觀察不到氣候的真實變化。只有生活在大自然里、以大自然為生的人才能體會得到。”

2.

Facedwithgrowingevidencethatavianinfluenzaisspreadinginbirds,theWorldHealthOrganizationonWednesdaysignedanagreementwiththeSwisspharmaceuticalcompanyRocheHoldingtobuildupitsstockpileofmedicinesincaseofapandemicinhumans.

Undertheagreement,RochewillreservethreemilliontreatmentsofitsTamifluantiviralmedicineforusebytheUNagencyincaseofaworldwidehumanpandemicofavianflu.

"It'sjustenoughtodealwithaninitialoutbreak,"saidJong-WookLee,director-generaloftheWHO."Butclearlythisisnotenoughtodealwithafullpandemic."

Theagencysaysonly57peopleinIndonesia,Vietnam,ThailandandCambodiahavedied,mainlyfromcontactwithinfectedbirds.ThevirushaskilledmillionsofchickensandledtopreventivecullingacrossAsiasincelate2003.

Sustainedhuman-to-humaninfectionhasnotyetbeenrecorded.ButtheWorldHealthOrganizationwarnsthatbirdflu,whichfirstappearedinHongKongin1997,couldmutategenetically,makingiteasierforhumanstocatchandtransmitthediseaseamongthemselves.

SignsthediseasehasspreadrecentlytobirdsinSiberiaandKazakhstanareaddingtoconcerns,theWHOsays.ApanelofEuropeanUnionexpertswillconveneThursdayinBrusselstodiscussmeasurestopreventthespreadofbirddeathstoEuropeanpoultry.

Whenaskedwhetherhethoughtawidespreadoutbreakinhumanswasimminent,Leesaid:"Wedon'tknowwhenitwillcome.ButitwouldbehugelyirresponsibleiftheWHOandmemberstatesdidnottakepreventivemeasuresnow."

RochedeclinedtogivefiguresforitsstockpilesofTamiflu.

Aspokeswomanforthecompany,MartinaRupp,saidittookfrom12to18monthstodeliverthedrugafteranorderwasplaced—arelativelylongtimeduetoacomplicatedproductionprocess.正確答案：鑒于有越來越多的證據(jù)表明禽流感正在不斷蔓延，世界衛(wèi)生組織周三與瑞士羅氏制藥公司簽署協(xié)議，要求羅氏增加藥物儲備以防人類爆發(fā)大范圍禽流感疫情。

按照該協(xié)議，為應對可能出現(xiàn)的全球性人類禽流感疫情爆發(fā)，羅氏將為世界衛(wèi)生組織儲備30077份達菲(抗病毒藥物)以備不時之需。

“這僅夠滿足疫情爆發(fā)初期的藥物需求，”世界衛(wèi)生組織總干事李鐘郁說，“顯然不足以應對疫情全面爆發(fā)時的情況?！?/p>

世界衛(wèi)生組織稱，目前在印度尼西亞、越南、泰國和柬埔寨僅有57人死于禽流感，且死者中主要是因為接觸了受感染的禽類而發(fā)病。自2003年年底禽流感疫情爆發(fā)以來，在亞洲有數(shù)百萬只雞死亡，為防止疫情進一步蔓延，對家禽進行了大規(guī)模撲殺。

現(xiàn)在尚未有持續(xù)性人傳人感染的報道。不過，世界衛(wèi)生組織警告稱，最早于1997年在香港出現(xiàn)的禽流感病毒可能會發(fā)生變異，人類對病毒會更加易感，人傳人的幾率也會增加。

世界衛(wèi)生組織稱，有跡象表明，禽流感最近已蔓延至西伯利亞和哈薩克斯坦，這使人們更加擔憂。周四，歐盟專家小組將在布魯塞爾召開會議，商討如何防止禽流感疫情蔓延至歐洲，保護當?shù)丶仪莶皇芨腥?。當被問及是否會很快出現(xiàn)大范圍人傳人禽流感疫情時，李鐘郁說：“我們不知道何時會出現(xiàn)，但是如果世界衛(wèi)生組織及其成員國現(xiàn)在不采取預防措施的話將是極其不負責任的?！?/p>

羅氏制藥公司并未透露儲備了多少劑達菲。

該公司發(fā)言人瑪?shù)倌取斊辗Q，由于達菲生產(chǎn)工藝復雜，在接到訂單后需要一到一年半才能交貨。

SectionⅡChinese-EnglishTranslation1.

維護世界和平，促進共同發(fā)展，謀求合作共贏，是各國人民的共同愿望，也是不可抗拒的當今時代潮流。中國高舉和平、發(fā)展、合作的旗幟，堅持走和平發(fā)展道路，與世界各國一道，共同致力于建設一個持久和平、共同繁榮的和諧世界。

中國與世界從未像今天這樣緊密相連。中國政府把中國人民的根本利益與各國人民的共同利益結合起來，堅持奉行防御性的國防政策。中國的國防服從和服務于國家發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略和安全戰(zhàn)略，旨在維護國家安全統(tǒng)一，確保實現(xiàn)全面建設小康社會的宏偉目標。中國永遠是維護世界和平、安全、穩(wěn)定的堅定力量。

中國在經(jīng)濟不斷發(fā)展的基礎上推進國防和軍隊現(xiàn)代化，是適應世界新軍事變革發(fā)展趨勢、維護國家安全和發(fā)展利益的需要。中國不會與任何國家進行軍備競賽，不會對任何國家構成軍事威脅。新世紀新階段，中國把科學發(fā)展觀作為國防和軍隊建設的重要指導方針，積極推進中國特色軍事變革，努力實現(xiàn)國防和軍隊建設全面協(xié)調(diào)可持續(xù)發(fā)展。正確答案：譯文1

Toupholdworldpeace,promotecommondevelopmentandseekcooperationandwin-winisthecommonwishofthepeoplearoundtheworldandanirresistibletrendofourtimes.

Committedtopeace,developmentandcooperation,Chinapursuesaroadofpeacefuldevelopment,andendeavorstobuild,togetherwithothercountries,aharmoniousworldofenduringpeaceandcommonprosperity.

NeverbeforehasChinabeensocloselyboundupwiththerestoftheworldasitistoday.TheChinesegovernmentworkstoadvanceboththefundamentalinterestsoftheChinesepeopleandthecommoninterestsofthepeoplesoftherestoftheworld,andpursuesadefensepolicywhichispurelydefensiveinnature.China'snationaldefense,inkeepingwithandcontributingtothecountry'sdevelopmentandsecuritystrategies,aimsatmaintainingnationalsecurityandunity,andensuringtherealizationofthegoalofbuildingamoderatelyprosperoussocietyinanall-roundway.Chinaisdeterminedtoremainastaunchforceforglobalpeace,securityandstability.

China'snationaldefenseandmilitarymodernization,conductedonthebasisofsteadyeconomicdevelopment,istherequirementofkeepingupwithnewtrendsintheglobalrevolutionanddevelopmentinmilitaryaffairs,andofmaintainingChina'snationalsecurityanddevelopment.Chinawillnotengageinanyarmsraceorposeamilitarythreattoanyothercountry.Atthenewstageinthenewcentury,wewilltakethescientificdevelopmentoutlookasanimportantguidingprincipleforthebuildingofnationaldefenseandmilitaryaffairs,vigorouslyadvancetherevolutioninmilitaryaffairswithChinesefeatures,andstrivetorealizeanall-round,coordinatedandsustainabledevelopmentinourcountry'snationaldefenseandmilitarycapabilities.

譯文2

Universalpeace,common/inclusivedevelopmentandwin-wincooperationrepresentthesharedaspirationofallpeoplesacrosstheworld/auniversalaspirationandanirresistible/irreversibletrendofourtimes.Assuch/Inthiscontext,Chinaremainscommittedtopeacefuldevelopmentandstandsready/poisedtoworkwiththerestoftheworld/joininglobaleffortstobuildaharmoniousworldofenduringpeaceandcommonprosperity/whereallliveinpeaceandprosperity/wherepeaceprevailsandprosperityreachesallcorners/aworldofpeaceandprosperityforall.

NeverbeforeinhistoryhasChinabeensocloselylinkedto/interlinkedwith/interconnectedwith/integratedwiththeoutsideworld.AstheChinesegovernmentbearsinmindboththefundamentalinterestsofitspeopleandthecommoninterestsoftheglobalcommunity,itpursuesanationaldefensepolicythatisdefensiveinnature.Whenitcomestonationaldefense,Chinaactsinlinewithandinthestrategicinterestofnationaldevelopmentandsecurity.China'snationaldefenseaimstosafeguardnationalsecurityandunityandsecurethebuildingofawell-offsocietyinallaspects.Chinaremainsastaunchforcebehind/forworldpeace,securityandstabilitynowandforever.

China'spushfordefenseandmilitarymodernizationamid/onthebackofitsongoingeconomicboomfollows/conformswith/consistswiththeemergingglobaltrendofmilitaryupgradingandcomesasasafeguardfornationalsecurityanddevelopmentgains.Chinawillrefrainfromenteringanarmsracewithanyothercountry,andwillconstitute/posenomilitarythreattoanyone./Chinawillnotenterneitherwillit...Atthenewdevelopmentstageinthenewcentury,weare,guidedbyscientificoutlookondevelopment,pushingfor/pressingaheadwith/movingforwardwithmilitaryreformwithdistinctiveChinesefeaturestomodernizenationaldefenseandthearmyinacomprehensive,coordinatedandsustainableway./Atthispoint,ChinaiscommittedtomilitaryreformwithdistinctiveChinesefeatures.Guidedbyscientificoutlookondevelopmentinthisendeavor,weareworkingtomodernizenationaldefenseandthearmyinacomprehensive,coordinatedandsustainablefashion.

2.

25年來，中國堅定不移地推進改革開放，社會主義市場經(jīng)濟體制初步建立，開放型經(jīng)濟已經(jīng)形成，社會生產(chǎn)力和綜合國力不斷增強，各項社會事業(yè)全面發(fā)展，人民生活總體上實現(xiàn)了由溫飽到小康的歷史性跨越。

從1978年至2003年的25年間，中國經(jīng)濟年均增長9.4%。25年前，中國年國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值為1473億美元，去年已達到14000多億美元。

25年前，中國年進出口貿(mào)易總額為206億美元，去年已達到8512億美元。25年前，中國外匯儲備為1.67億美元，去年已達到4033億美元。

目前，中國經(jīng)濟總量居世界第六，進出口貿(mào)易總額居世界第四。中國之所以能夠發(fā)生這樣巨大的變化，最關鍵的原因是我們始終堅持走中國特色社會主義道路，始終堅持改革開放，激發(fā)了全體人民的積極性、主動性、創(chuàng)造性。

中國雖然取得了很大的發(fā)展成就，但中國人口多，底子薄，生產(chǎn)力不發(fā)達，發(fā)展很不平衡，生態(tài)環(huán)境、自然資源與經(jīng)濟社會發(fā)展的矛盾比較突出。

雖然中國人均國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值已經(jīng)突破1000美元，但仍排在世界一百位以后。中國要實現(xiàn)現(xiàn)代化，使全體人民都過上富裕生活，還需要進行長期不懈的艱苦奮斗。

我們已經(jīng)明確了本世紀頭20年的奮斗目標，這就是全面建設惠及十幾億人口的更高水平的小康社會，到2020年實現(xiàn)國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值比2000年翻兩番，達到4萬億美元，人均國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值達到3000美元，使經(jīng)濟更加發(fā)展、民主更加健全、科教更加進步、文化更加繁榮、社會更加和諧、人民生活更加殷實。正確答案：Inthepast25years,whilepressingaheadwithreformandopeningup,Chinahasputinitiallyinplaceasocialistmarketeconomy,aneconomythatisopentotheoutsideworld.China'sproductiveforcesandoverallnationalstrengthhavebeenconstantlyenhanced.Withvarioussocialundertakingsdevelopinginfullswing,theChinesepeopleasawholehavemadethehistoricalleapfromsubsistencetomodestprosperity.Inthecourseof25yearsbetween1978and2003,China'seconomygrewbyanaverageannualrateof9.4percent,withitsGDP,foreigntradeandforeignexchangereservesjumpingfrom147.3billionUSdollars,20.6billionUSdollarsand167millionUSdollarstoover1.4trillionUSdollars,851.2billionUSdollarsand403.3billionUSdollarsrespectively.Chinanowistheworld'ssixthlargesteconomyandthefourthlargesttrader.ThereasonwhyChinahasproducedsuchtremendouschangesiswehaveadheredtotheroadofbuildingsocialismwithChinesecharacteristicsandperseveredinreformandopening-up,thusgalvanizingtheChinesepeople'sinitiative,enthusiasmandcreativity.

ThoughChinahasachievedimpressiveresultsinitsdevelopment,therearestillmanyacuteproblems,suchasoverpopulation,weakeconomicfoundation,underdevelopedproductivity,highlyunevendevelopment,andafairlysharpcontradictionbetweenthecountry'secologicalenvironmentandnaturalresourcesontheonehandanditseconomicandsocialdevelopmentontheother.China'spercapitaGDP,thoughreachingtherecordhighof1,000USdollarslastyear,stillranksbehindthe100thplaceintheworld.TomakeChina'smodernizationprogramasuccessanddeliveraprosperouslifeforalltheChinesepeoplestillrequiresalonganduphillbattle.

Wehavealreadysetacleargoalforthefirst20yearsofthiscentury.Namely,inbuildingawell-offsocietyofahigherstandardinanall-roundwayforthebenefitofwelloveronebillionChinesepeople,wewillquadruplethe2000GDPto4trillionUSdollarswithapercapitaGDPof3,000USdollars,furtherdeveloptheeconomy,improvedemocracy,advancescienceandeducation,enrichculture,fostergreatersocialharmonyandupgradethetextureoflifeforthepeople.

Overthepastquarterofcentury,asocialistmarketeconomyhastakenshapeandanopeneconomyhascomeintobeingamid/thanksto/asaresultofChina'ssteadfast/ongoingcommitmenttoreformandopeningup.Duringthistimeframe,productivityandoverallnationalstrengthofChinahavebeenontherise,socialprogramshaveprogressedacrosstheboard,andthepeoplehavewitnessed/experienced/embracedahistoricleapfrogfromadecentlifetooneofmoderateprosperity.Overthe25yearsbetween1978and2003,China'seconomyrecordedanaverageannualgrowthrateof9.4%,anditsGDPsurgedtoUS$1.4trillionfromUS$147.3billion.

Thepast25yearsalsosawChina'stotalforeigntradeshootupfrom