翻譯三級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)分類模擬題5

翻譯三級(jí)筆譯實(shí)務(wù)分類模擬題5EnglishChineseTranslationIntheearlydaysofthesettlementofAustralia,enterprising（江南博哥）settlersunwiselyintroducedtheEuropeanrabbit.ThisrabbithadnonaturalenemiesintheAntipodes,sothatitmultipliedwiththatpromiscuousabandoncharacteristicofrabbits.

1

Itoverranawholecontinent.Itcauseddevastationbyburrowingandbydevouringtheherbagewhichmighthavemaintainedmillionsofsheepandcattle.Scientistsdiscoveredthatthisparticularvarietyofrabbit(andapparentlynootheranimal)wassusceptibletoafatalvirusdisease,myxomatosis.Byinfectinganimalsandlettingthemlooseintheburrows,localepidemicsofthisdiseasecouldbecreated.

2

Lateritwasfoundthattherewasatypeofmosquitowhichactedasthecarrierofthisdiseaseandpasseditontotherabbits.Sowhiletherestoftheworldwastryingtogetridofmosquitoes,Australiawasencouragingthisone.

3

Iteffectivelyspreadthediseasealloverthecontinentanddrasticallyreducedtherabbitpopulation.Itlaterbecameapparentthatrabbitsweredevelopingadegreeofresistancetothisdisease,sothattherabbitpopulationwasunlikelytobecompletelyexterminated.Therewerehopes,however,thattheproblemoftherabbitwouldbecomemanageable.

4

Ironically,Europe,whichhadbequeathedtherabbitasapesttoAustralia,acquiredthisman-madediseaseasapestilence.AFrenchphysiciandecidedtogetridofthewildrabbitsonhisownestateandintroducedmyxomatosis.Itdidnot,however,remainwithintheconfinesofhisestate.

5

ItspreadthroughFrance,wherewildrabbitsarenotgenerallyregardedasapestbutasasportandausefulfoodsupply,anditspreadtoBritainwherewildrabbitsareregardedasapestbutwheredomesticatedrabbits,equallysusceptibletothedisease,arethebasisofaprofitablefurindustry.ThequestionbecameoneofwhetherMancouldcontrolthediseasehehadinvented.1.

正確答案：歐洲兔子遍布整個(gè)澳洲。它們挖地洞，吃掉了本可用來(lái)飼養(yǎng)成百萬(wàn)頭牛羊的牧草，造成了毀滅性的災(zāi)難。

2.

正確答案：后來(lái)發(fā)現(xiàn)有一種蚊子是這種傳染病的攜帶者，它能使兔子染上這種疾病。就這樣，當(dāng)世界其他地區(qū)在想方設(shè)法消滅蚊子時(shí)，澳大利亞卻在助長(zhǎng)這種蚊子的滋生繁殖。

3.

正確答案：這種蚊子使疾病迅速蔓延到整個(gè)澳洲，造成兔子數(shù)量的劇減。后來(lái)，兔子顯然對(duì)這種疾病產(chǎn)生了一定的免疫力，因此不太可能遭到完全滅絕。

4.

正確答案：具有諷刺意味的是，歐洲把兔子作為有害動(dòng)物給了澳洲，卻從澳洲染上了這種最終造成瘟疫的人為疾病。

5.

正確答案：疾病蔓延到整個(gè)法國(guó)，而在法國(guó)一般并不把野兔看成是有害動(dòng)物，而是把它作為獵物和有用的食物來(lái)源。疾病然后又傳到英國(guó)，在那里，野兔雖然被看成是有害動(dòng)物，但同樣會(huì)受到這種疾病感染的家兔卻為有利可圖的皮毛業(yè)提供原料。

6

Withitscommoninterestinlawbreakingbutitsimmenserangeofsubject-matterandwidelyvaryingmethodsoftreatment,thecrimenovelcouldmakealegitimateclaimtoberegardedasaseparatebranchofliterature,oratleast,asadistinct,eventhoughaslightlydisreputable,offshootofthetraditionalnovel.

Thedetectivestoryisprobablythemostrespectable(atanyrateinthenarrowsenseoftheword)ofthecrimespecies.ItscreationisoftentherelaxationofUniversitydons,literaryeconomist,scientistsorevenpoets.

7

Fatalitiesmayoccurmorefrequentlyandmysteriouslythanmightbeexpectedinpolitesociety,buttheworldinwhichtheyhappen,thevillage,seasideresort,collegeorstudio,isfamiliartous,ifnotfromourownexperience,atleastinthenewspaperorthelivesoffriends.Astorysetinamoreremoteenvironment,AfricanjungleorAustralianbush,ancientChinaorgaslitLondon,appealstoourinterestingeographyorhistory,andmostdetectivestorywritersareconscientiousinprovidingareasonablyauthenticbackground.

8

Theelaborate,carefully-assembledplot,despisedbythemodernintellectualcriticsandcreatorsof"significant"novels,hasfoundrefugeinthemurdermystery,withitssprinklingofclues,itsspicingwithapparentimpossibilities,allwithappropriatesolutionsandexplanationsattheend.WiththeguiltofescapismfromRealLifenagginggently,wesecretlyrevelintheunmaskingofevilbyararelysuperhumandetective,whoseesthroughanddispelsthecloudofsuspicionwhichhashoveredsounjustlyovertheinnocent.

Thoughitsvillainalsoreceiveshisrightfuldeserts,thethrillerpresentsalesscomfortableandcredibleworld.

9

Thesequenceoffistfights,revolverduels,carcrashesandescapesfromgasfilledcellarsexhauststhereaderfarmorethanthehero,whosufferingfromatleasttwobrokenribs,oneblackeye,uncountablebruisesandahangover,canstillchaseandoverpoweranarmedvillainwiththephysiqueofawrestle.Hemovesdangerouslythroughaworldofruthlessgangs,brutality,aviciouslustforpowerandmoneyand,incontrasttothedetectivetale,withanear-omniscientarch-criminalwhosedefeatseemsalmostaccidental.

10

Perhapswemissinthethrillerthesecurityofbeingsafelyledbyourimperturbableinvestigatorpastascoreofredherringsandblindavenuestoafinalgatheringofsuspectswhenanunchallengeableelucidationofallthathasbewilderedusisgivenandjusticeandgoodnessprevail.Allthatwevainlyhopeforfromlifeisgrantedvicariously.6.

正確答案：描寫犯罪的小說(shuō)的共同特點(diǎn)是它們都對(duì)犯罪感興趣，但題材范圍廣泛，體裁變化多種多樣，所以堪稱文學(xué)的一個(gè)獨(dú)立分支，或者至少要被視為是傳統(tǒng)小說(shuō)中的一個(gè)盡管名聲有點(diǎn)不好但卻別具一格的支脈。

7.

正確答案：在上流社會(huì)中，人命案件出現(xiàn)可能要比料想的更頻繁、更神秘；但是，這些事件的案發(fā)地點(diǎn)——村莊、海濱勝地、學(xué)院或工作室，卻是我們所熟悉的：即使不是我們親身經(jīng)歷，至少也是報(bào)上登載或出現(xiàn)在朋友們的生活之中的。

8.

正確答案：精心安排、結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)密的情節(jié)，盡管受到現(xiàn)代唯理智論的批評(píng)家和“有重大意義的”小說(shuō)的創(chuàng)作者們的鄙視，但卻在描寫謀殺案件的偵探小說(shuō)中找到了庇護(hù)所，這種小說(shuō)有一些關(guān)鍵的情節(jié)，以看來(lái)顯然不可能的事情來(lái)增添趣味，故事結(jié)束時(shí)又全部有妥善的解決辦法與說(shuō)明。

9.

正確答案：連續(xù)不斷的拳擊戰(zhàn)、手槍決斗、撞車和逃出裝滿汽油的地窖，要比至少有兩根肋骨被打折、一只眼睛被打腫、遍體鱗傷并宿醉未醒，卻仍然能夠以摔跤運(yùn)動(dòng)員一樣的體格追擊并制服武裝歹徒的英雄人物更能使讀者精疲力竭。

10.

正確答案：也許在驚險(xiǎn)小說(shuō)中，我們領(lǐng)略不到那沉著冷靜的調(diào)查員幾經(jīng)周折和失敗最終安全地引領(lǐng)我們找出嫌疑犯的安全感。此時(shí)，使我們感到迷惑的一切都無(wú)可爭(zhēng)議地得以澄清，正義和善良取得絕對(duì)勝利。

Inman'searlydays,competitionwithothercreaturesmusthavebeencritical.Butthisphaseofourdevelopmentisnowfinished.Indeed,welackpracticeandexperiencenowadaysindealingwithprimitiveconditions.

11

Iamsurethat,withoutmodernweapons,Iwouldmakeaverypoorshowofdisputingtheownershipofacavewithabear,andinthisIdonotthinkthatIstandalone.Thelastcreaturetocompetewithmanwasthemosquito.Buteventhemosquitohasbeensubduedbyattentiontodrainageandbychemicalsprays.

12

Competitionbetweenourselves,personagainstperson,communityagainstcommunity,stillpersists,however;anditisasfierceasiteverwas.

Butthecompetitionofmanagainstmanisnotthesimpleprocessenvisionedinbiology.

13

Itisnotasimplecompetitionforafixedamountoffooddeterminedbythephysicalenvironment,becausetheenvironmentthatdeterminesourevolutionisnolongeressentiallyphysical.Ourenvironmentischieflyconditionedbythethingswebelieve.MoroccoandCaliforniaarebitsoftheEarthinverysimilarlatitudes,bothonthewestcoastsofcontinentswithsimilarclimates,andprobablywithrathersimilarnaturalresources.

14

Yettheirpresentdevelopmentiswhollydifferent,notsomuchbecauseofdifferentpeopleeven,butbecauseofthedifferentthoughtsthatexistinthemindsoftheirinhabitants.ThisisthepointIwishtoemphasize.Themostimportantfactorinourenvironmentisthestateofourownminds.

15

Itiswellknownthatwherethewhitemanhasinvadedaprimitiveculturethemostdestructiveeffectshavecomenotfromphysicalweaponsbutfromideas.Ideasaredangerous.TheHolyOfficeknewthisfullwellwhenitcausedhereticstobeburnedindaysgoneby.Indeed,theconceptoffreespeechonlyexistsinourmodemsocietybecausewhenyouareinsideacommunityyouareconditionedbytheconventionsofthecommunitytosuchadegreethatitisverydifficulttoconceiveofanythingreallydestructive.11.

正確答案：我可以肯定，要是我不用現(xiàn)代武器而去和一頭熊爭(zhēng)奪一座山洞的所有權(quán)，我會(huì)窘態(tài)畢露的，而且我相信，會(huì)出洋相的絕非我一人。

12.

正確答案：然而人類之間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，個(gè)人與個(gè)人、社會(huì)與社會(huì)之間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)仍然在繼續(xù)，而且這種斗爭(zhēng)的激烈程度并不亞于過(guò)去。

13.

正確答案：人與人之間的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)并不是那種為了爭(zhēng)奪由物質(zhì)環(huán)境決定的一定量食物而進(jìn)行的簡(jiǎn)單競(jìng)爭(zhēng)，因?yàn)闆Q定人類進(jìn)化的環(huán)境已經(jīng)不再主要是物質(zhì)的了。

14.

正確答案：然而，它們目前的發(fā)展程度卻全然不同，這并不是因?yàn)槿说牟煌且驗(yàn)榇嬖谟趦傻鼐用耦^腦中的觀念不同。

15.

正確答案：眾所周知，凡是原始文化遭到白人入侵的地方，最具有破壞效果的不是有形的武器，而是思想。

Althoughtruthandjusticemaybethemostpowerfulimpulsestoshowmoralcourage,thereareothers.Compassionisoneofthese.Tentativelyitcanbesuggestedthatthisisthemaininfluenceuponthosewhourgetheabolitionofcapitalpunishment.

16

Itisrecognitionofcompassion'spartthatleadstheupholdersofcapitalpunishmenttoaccusetheabolitionistsofsentimentalityinbeingmoresorryforthemurdererthanforhisvictim.ThisisnonsensebutwithitsomeorgansofthepopularPressplayedupontheemotionsoftheirreaderssosuccessfullythatmanycandidatesforParliamentwereafraidtosupportabolitionforfearoflosingvotesandtheresultwasthemuddle-headedHomicideActof1957whichmademurderwithrobberyacapitalcrimeandallowedthepoisonertoescapethegallows.Thatillogicalqualificationshowshowflimsyistheargumentthatcapitalpunishmentisadeterrenttomurder.

17

Thepoisoneralwaysworksonacalculatedplanofactionandthereforeisabletoconsiderwhetherornothistakinganother'slifeisworththeriskofhisown;theviolentthiefisusuallyatthemercyofaninstantemotion.Theonlyarguablepleaforcapitalpunishmentistherightofsocietytoretributioninthisworldwiththeprospectoflifeinanother,butsincewhatusedtoseemtothegreatmajorityofcivilizedhumanitytheassuranceofantherlifebeyondthegravehascometoseemtomoreandmorepeoplelesscertain,afeelingforthevalueofhumanlifehasbecomedeeperandmorewidespread.Thismayseemaparadoxicalclaimtomakeatatimewhenmankindissomuchpreoccupiedwithweaponsofdestruction.

18

Nevertheless,itisaclaimthatcanbesustainedandifcompassionanimatesthosewhourgetheabolitionofthedeathpenaltyitisnotasentimentalcompassionforthementalagonyinflicteduponacondemnedmanbutadreadofdestroyingthemiracleoflife.

19

Whenintheeighteenthcenturyoffencesagainstthelawthattodaywouldnotearnamonthinprisonwerepunishedwiththedeathpenalty,theseverityofthepenalcodehadnoseriouseffectontheprevalenceofcrime.Whenitmadenodifferencetothefateofahighwaymanwhetherhehadkilledhisvictimormerelyrobbedhimofafewpiecesofsilver,therewerenomoremurdersthantherewerewhenmenlikeSirFrancisBurdettsucceededinlighteningtheexcessiveseverityofthepenallaws.

20

Inthosedaysthesacrednessoflifeonearthwasnotgreatlyregardedbecausealifeintheworldtocomewastakenforgrantedexceptbyacomparativelysmallminorityofphilosophers.16.

正確答案：正是由于認(rèn)識(shí)到憐憫的作用，才使主張死刑的人指責(zé)提倡廢除死刑的人感情用事，說(shuō)他們?yōu)闅⑷朔竿锵儆跒槭芎φ咄锵А?/p>

17.

正確答案：投毒者總是按照周密的行動(dòng)計(jì)劃行事，因此他能夠考慮是否值得冒自己的生命危險(xiǎn)去干掉別人；而行兇的竊賊則通常是受一時(shí)沖動(dòng)所支配。

18.

正確答案：盡管如此，這卻是一個(gè)可以得到認(rèn)可的主張；如果說(shuō)憐憫之心使那些極力要求廢除死刑的人感到激動(dòng)，這并不是對(duì)死刑囚犯所受精神痛苦感情用事的憐憫，而是對(duì)毀滅奇跡般的生命感到恐懼。

19.

正確答案：今天不足以判處一個(gè)月監(jiān)禁的觸犯法律的行為，在18世紀(jì)卻被判處死刑，刑法的嚴(yán)峻對(duì)犯罪行為的猖獗并無(wú)重大影響。

20.

正確答案：那個(gè)時(shí)代并不十分重視生命的神圣，因?yàn)槌讼喈?dāng)少的一部分哲學(xué)家外，人們都理所當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為來(lái)世還有生命。

Peopleallovertheworldtodayarebeginningtohearandlearnmoreandmoreabout,theproblemofpollution.

21

Pollutioniscausedeitherbythereleasedbymanofcompletelynewandoftenartificialsubstancesintotheenvironment,orbyreleasinggreatlyincreasedamountsofanaturalsubstance,suchasoilfromtankersintothesea.

22

Thewholeindustrialprocesswhichmakesmanyofthegoodsandmachinesweneedanduseinourdailylives,isboundtocreateanumberofwasteproductstoupsettheenvironmentbalance,ortheecologicalbalanceasitisalsoknown.Manyofthesewasteproductscanbepreventedordisposedofsensibly,butclearlywhilemoreandmorenewgoodsareproducedandmadecomplex,therewillbenew,dangerouswastestobedisposedof,forexample,thewasteproductsfromnuclearpowerstations.Manypeople,therefore,seepollutionasonlypartofalargerandmorecomplexproblem,thatis,thewholeprocessofindustrialproductionandconsumptionofgoods.

23

Othersagainseetheproblemmainlyinconnectionwithagriculture,wherenewmethodsarehelpingfarmersgrowmoreandmoreontheirlandtofeedourever-increasingpopulations.However,thelanditselfisgradually