Unit3TheworldofScienceUsinglanguageGrammar課件高中英語(yǔ)

Unit3TheworldofsciencePeriod4GrammarShehasfinishedherhomework.Someonehasbrokenthewindow.Activity1DescribethepictureswithPresentperfecttense.表示說(shuō)話時(shí)已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，而且這個(gè)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果對(duì)現(xiàn)在仍有影響Hehastaughtinourschoolfor30years.表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，但一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并且有可能繼續(xù)持續(xù)下去Workershavebuiltthehousesinceyearsago.Thehousehasbeenbuiltbyworkerssinceyearsago.Thebuildingshavebeendestroyedintheearthquake.Theearthquakehasdestroyedthebuildings.1.表過(guò)去開(kāi)始的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在.Activity3Explanation:現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)HisChinesehasbeenimprovedalotsincehecametoChina.2)表某被動(dòng)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果

Theroadhasalreadybeenbuiltformorethanoneyear.happen,takeplace,breakout,belongto,cost,last等不及物動(dòng)詞或詞無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。e.g.Greatchangeshavetakenplace

inChinasince1978.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)

主動(dòng)被動(dòng)have/hasdonehave/hasbeendone2.常連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：recently,for+段時(shí)間，since+時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(從句)，thesedays,sofar,uptonow,in/during/overthelast/pastfewyears/months/weeks/hours特殊句型【This/That/Itisthefirst/second/third…timethat…】【This/That/Itisthe+形容詞最高級(jí)+名詞+從句】【Itis/hasbeen…since...(過(guò)去式)】

ThisisthefirsttimethatI______________(watch)theplay.ThisisthebestfilmthatI______________(see).It___________(be)sixyearssinceIcamehere.

havewatchedhaveseenhasbeenhave/hasbeendone強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)發(fā)生在過(guò)去的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作。表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成，對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果；主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作的承受者，與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。(1)Thedoorhasbeenlocked.(2)Theseflowershavebeenwatered,andyoucangohome.(3)Ourclassroomhasbeencleaned,soyouneedn'tcleanitnow.ThebridgeovertheYellowRiverhasjustbeencompleted.1.肯定式：have/has+been+done2.否定式：have/has+not+been+doneThesecond-handcarhasnotbeensold.構(gòu)成3.一般疑問(wèn)句:Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+beendone(+其他)?(1)Hashisbikebeenrepaired?(2)Havetheybeennotifiedaboutit?4.特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+have/has+（主語(yǔ)）+been+done？(1)Whohasbeeninvited?(2)Howmanybuildingshavebeenbuiltinthisschool?Actually,newchangeshavetakenplaceinourschoolandcity.Newteachingbuildingshavebeenbuiltinourschool.Agym

hasbeenbuiltinourschool.Anewroad

hasbeenbuilt

nearourschool.Arailwaystationhasbeenbuiltinourcity.1.強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)始于過(guò)去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成某種影響。常與for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，或用于“howlong...”句型中。(1)Themachinehasbeenrepairedfortwohours.(2)Howlonghasthecarbeenrepaired?2.用在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，表示將來(lái)某時(shí)刻已完成的動(dòng)作。We'llstartassoonastheworkhasbeenfinished.用法及注意事項(xiàng)3.副詞的位置often,usually,always,never,hardly,seldom等副詞置于have/has和been中間。(1)Suchamanhashardlybeenbelieved.(2)Themachinehasalreadybeenrepaired.4.不及物動(dòng)詞（詞組）如happen,takeplace,die,appear沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，而不及物動(dòng)詞加介詞或者副詞構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞，可以用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。注意介詞和副詞不能丟掉。e.g.孩子們這些年被王奶奶照顧得很好。

ThechildhasbeentakengoodcareofbyGrandmaWangalltheseyears.5.非持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，如come,go,start,begin,leave,arrive,reach,get,marry,die等現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)不能和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。若要表達(dá)相應(yīng)意思，需改動(dòng)詞或時(shí)態(tài)。(1)Thenewcarhasbeenkeptforamonth.(buy)(2)Howlonghasthemeetingbeenon?(begin)但這類動(dòng)詞的否定式可表示動(dòng)作的持續(xù)過(guò)程，可與since或for構(gòu)成的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。Thisdictionaryhasnotbeenborrowedsincelastweek.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)意義及結(jié)構(gòu)表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去,到現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完成或?qū)ΜF(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響。動(dòng)詞和被修飾主語(yǔ)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系?？隙ㄊ剑篽ave/has+been+v-ed否定式：have/has+not+been+v-ed一般疑問(wèn)句：Have/Has+主語(yǔ)+been+v-ed?特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+have/has+（主語(yǔ)）+been+v-ed?現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有兩種情況：1)表過(guò)去開(kāi)始的被動(dòng)動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，常連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：for+段時(shí)間，since+時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)(從句)，thesedays,sofar,uptonow,inthelast/pastfewyears等。如：

ThisclasshavebeentaughtbyMr.Brownfortwoyears.HisChinesehasbeenimprovedalotsincehecametoChina.Rowling’snovelshavebeentranslatedintomanyforeignlanguagessofar.2)表某被動(dòng)動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，常與already,yet,just,ever,never,recently等連用。如：

Thebikehasnotbeenrepairedyet.IhavealreadybeenintroducedtoMr.Smith.并不是所有動(dòng)詞都有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。happen,takeplace,breakout,belongto,cost,last等不及物動(dòng)詞或詞組無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。Greatchangeshavetakenplace

inChinasince1978.【注意】1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的區(qū)別一般過(guò)去時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示一個(gè)被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，其結(jié)果對(duì)現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有影響；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)盡管發(fā)生在過(guò)去，但側(cè)重說(shuō)明該動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。Themachinehasbeenrepaired．機(jī)器已經(jīng)修好了。(動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響，修好了。)Themachinewasrepairedyesterday．機(jī)器昨天修了。(只說(shuō)明動(dòng)作發(fā)生在昨天。)2.動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)是一個(gè)不可分割的整體，在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中要保持其完整性，其中的介詞或副詞不可省略。

e.g.Theorphanshavebeentakengoodcareofhere．孤兒們?cè)谶@里受到很好的照顧?，F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)概念1.強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響或結(jié)果；2.主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)作的承受者，為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。構(gòu)成肯定式否定式一般疑問(wèn)句特殊疑問(wèn)句用法1.動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)始于過(guò)去，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，并可能持續(xù)。2.可用在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，表示將來(lái)某時(shí)已完成的動(dòng)作。注意副詞的位置不可分割和省略動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)的介詞或副詞。表短暫意義的動(dòng)詞不能和表一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。1、Duringthelastthreedecades,thenumberofpeopleparticipatinginphysicalfitnessprograms_____________(increase)sharply.2、Withthehelpofhightechnology,moreandmorenewsubstances___________________(discover)inthepastyears.3、Simon_____________(attend)hisfatherforsuchalongtimethatheunderstandsalmosteverygestureofhisfather’s.4、Itisthefirsttimethatthelocaleducationauthority________(make)suchstrictrequirementsongoing-to-schooltimeforprimaryandmiddleschoolstudents.5、Overthelastfewyears,thenumberofstudentsparticipatinginvolunteerprograms______________(increase)sharplyinourschool.6、Researchersbelievethatsince2010anaverageofnearly35,000elephants_____________(kill)annuallyonthecontinent.7、Thesamemistake_______________(make)manytimes.8、Althoughit_______________(play)manytimes,hestilllovesit.

9、Icomplainedtothemanagerofthehotelaboutthepoorservicelastweek,butuptonow，I______________(receive)hisreply.10.

—_____theletter__________(give)toMr.

Black?—No.It’sstillonthedesk.用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空。1、Duringthelastthreedecades,thenumberofpeopleparticipatinginphysicalfitnessprograms_____________(increase)sharply.2、Withthehelpofhightechnology,moreandmorenewsubstances___________________(discover)inthepastyears.3、Simon_____________(attend)hisfatherforsuchalongtimethatheunderstandsalmosteverygestureofhisfather’s.4、Itisthefirsttimethatthelocaleducationauthority________(make)suchstrictrequirementsongoing-to-schooltimeforprimaryandmiddleschoolstudents.5、Overthelastfewyears,thenumberofstudentsparticip