2025屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)考點(diǎn)34閱讀理解應(yīng)用文考點(diǎn)歸納

考點(diǎn)34閱讀理解應(yīng)用文高考頻度：★★★★★應(yīng)用文是最貼近日常生活的文體，它包括通知、廣告、便條、申請(qǐng)書(shū)、個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)介、商品說(shuō)明與介紹、新聞報(bào)道等，形式多樣，題材各異，如圖示、表格等。英語(yǔ)《考試說(shuō)明》對(duì)＂讀＂的實(shí)力要求之一是：要求考生讀懂一般性話題的簡(jiǎn)短文字材料，例如公告、說(shuō)明、廣告以及書(shū)、報(bào)、雜志中的簡(jiǎn)短文章并能識(shí)別不同文體的特征。研讀近年全國(guó)各地的高考試題可以看出，應(yīng)用文是高考閱讀理解命題的重要體裁之一?，F(xiàn)簡(jiǎn)要介紹應(yīng)用文的特點(diǎn)、類型和解題技巧。一、應(yīng)用文閱讀試題的文體特點(diǎn)應(yīng)用文不同于其他文體的文章，其目的是為了向讀者傳輸信息，措辭簡(jiǎn)潔明白，直截了當(dāng).一般說(shuō)來(lái)，應(yīng)用文英語(yǔ)閱讀試題具有以下特點(diǎn)：1.選材特點(diǎn)信息量大，文句精煉，形式敏捷，用最少的篇幅表達(dá)最大量的信息。2.內(nèi)容特點(diǎn)生活化，好用化，多樣化，如產(chǎn)品宣揚(yáng)、服務(wù)介紹、通知、海報(bào)、啟示、招生聘請(qǐng)等。3.形式特點(diǎn)標(biāo)題醒目，重點(diǎn)突出，條理清晰，常用粗體字或各類項(xiàng)目符號(hào)使文章的結(jié)構(gòu)更顯明。4.語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)人名、地名、專出名詞多；生詞多；縮略詞、祈使句、省略句多；結(jié)構(gòu)不完整。5.命題特點(diǎn)主要考查考生提取信息和處理信息的實(shí)力，既留意特定細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)的篩選、類比、綜合，又留意推理推斷題的考查，題目設(shè)置相對(duì)較簡(jiǎn)潔。二、應(yīng)用文的主要類型應(yīng)用文的類型主要有：同主題廣告，混合型廣告，規(guī)則、通知、詢問(wèn)問(wèn)答、留意事項(xiàng)等，指南，書(shū)評(píng)、問(wèn)卷調(diào)查、告示、參觀須知、申請(qǐng)書(shū)、個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)介等。三、應(yīng)用文解題技巧點(diǎn)撥高考應(yīng)用文閱讀理解設(shè)題以細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題為主，因此，閱讀這類文章時(shí)，應(yīng)當(dāng)在整體把握文章結(jié)構(gòu)的前提下，主要留意細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)信息。細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)題的題干都是相應(yīng)原文的變形(猶如義改寫(xiě)、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換等)，因此要找到答案肯定要找到題干在原文中的出處，再把原文和選項(xiàng)相比較。做題時(shí)，依據(jù)所提問(wèn)題用尋讀、跳讀的方法可達(dá)到事半功倍的效果。同時(shí)，在閱讀時(shí)也要特殊留意文中以粗體、大寫(xiě)、下劃線等方式加以提示的文字，因?yàn)檫@很有可能是文章的核心或某一部分內(nèi)容的概括。具體答題策略如下：1.先題后文先讀試題，了解試題考點(diǎn)；明確目的，快速捕獲，獲得信息。2.題干定向依據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞到文中定位答案范圍，依據(jù)題目依次依次而下：?jiǎn)栴}與材料相同→對(duì)號(hào)入座；問(wèn)題與原文相同→同義替換、歸納事實(shí)等。3.生詞模糊遇到生詞；如與答題無(wú)關(guān)，干脆跳過(guò)；涉及答題，則依據(jù)語(yǔ)境、構(gòu)詞法等猜詞。4.信息補(bǔ)全對(duì)于影響理解的省略句，可依據(jù)語(yǔ)境，將其補(bǔ)全。總之，應(yīng)用文類型的閱讀文章一般說(shuō)來(lái)比較易理解，文章類型以廣告形式居多，設(shè)問(wèn)依據(jù)文章的段落秩序，多以細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)事實(shí)理解為主，答案的找尋可以依據(jù)問(wèn)題中的關(guān)鍵字順藤摸瓜，輔以適當(dāng)?shù)耐评硗茢唷Ａ私饬藨?yīng)用文的措辭和內(nèi)容特點(diǎn)，我們?cè)趯?shí)踐中總結(jié)出解答應(yīng)用文試題的關(guān)鍵是：抓信息。提示：應(yīng)用文閱讀題做完后，不行輕易改答案，要信任第一感覺(jué)。因?yàn)榈谝淮谓忸}時(shí)思路最清晰，假如沒(méi)特別把握，以不改為好，防止弄巧成拙。全國(guó)高考英語(yǔ)考試說(shuō)明明確指出，要求考生讀懂一般性話題的簡(jiǎn)短文字材料，例如公告、說(shuō)明、廣告以及書(shū)、報(bào)、雜志中的簡(jiǎn)短文章，這說(shuō)明白應(yīng)用文文體在高考英語(yǔ)中的重要性。這個(gè)特點(diǎn)在歷年高考試題中有明顯的印證，不管是全國(guó)高考卷，還是省區(qū)高考卷中基本每年都涉及應(yīng)用文文體的考查，這充分體現(xiàn)了＂為用而學(xué)，學(xué)以致用＂的新課程理念。因此，考生很有必要仔細(xì)研讀閱讀理解中應(yīng)用文的特征和命題特點(diǎn)，并駕馭肯定的解題方法。本文擬結(jié)合近年高考英語(yǔ)全國(guó)卷閱讀理解中所涉及的應(yīng)用文文體，幫助考生提高閱讀理解的解題實(shí)力。應(yīng)用文是在日常工作和生活中運(yùn)用的文體，通常以好用性為目的、以真實(shí)性為基礎(chǔ)、以時(shí)效性為根本、以規(guī)范性為準(zhǔn)則。該文體一般可分為兩大類：一類是說(shuō)明性應(yīng)用文，包括廣告、啟事、海報(bào)、守則、公告、指南、個(gè)人簡(jiǎn)歷、備忘錄、摘要等；另一類是敘述性應(yīng)用文，如書(shū)信、日記、便條、報(bào)告、請(qǐng)?zhí)?。目的都是向讀者傳輸信息。高考試題主要涉及宣揚(yáng)廣告、公告類應(yīng)用文，間或也會(huì)有書(shū)信類文章出現(xiàn)。從近三年高考全國(guó)卷閱讀理解中應(yīng)用文的話題分布狀況可知，前一類是應(yīng)用文命題的首選題材，其中包括廣告、海報(bào)和指南等。在高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解中應(yīng)用文體的考查主要有如下幾個(gè)特點(diǎn)：1.就文體特點(diǎn)而言，應(yīng)用文主要是為了向讀者傳遞信息，措辭簡(jiǎn)潔明白，一般來(lái)說(shuō)，和所述問(wèn)題無(wú)關(guān)的文字不會(huì)出現(xiàn)。例如很多文章沒(méi)有標(biāo)題，甚至通篇沒(méi)有一個(gè)完整的句子，而是用詞、數(shù)字、縮寫(xiě)、短語(yǔ)等來(lái)替代。2.就選材特點(diǎn)來(lái)說(shuō)，信息量大，文句精練，形式敏捷，用最小的篇幅表述最大量的信息。其中書(shū)信，聘請(qǐng)和商品銷售等廣告，交通運(yùn)輸時(shí)刻表，日記等的比例較大。其內(nèi)容特點(diǎn)表現(xiàn)為：生活化，好用化，多樣化。3.就形式特點(diǎn)而言，標(biāo)題醒目，重點(diǎn)突出，條理清晰，常用粗體字或各類項(xiàng)目符號(hào)使文章結(jié)構(gòu)更顯明。4.就語(yǔ)言特點(diǎn)來(lái)說(shuō)，文章充斥大量冗長(zhǎng)而生僻的專出名詞，如人名、地名、機(jī)構(gòu)名、組織名、書(shū)籍名、作品名等等，而且沒(méi)有漢語(yǔ)注釋?？s略詞、祈使句、省略句多。5.在行文方式方面，應(yīng)用文的每種文體都有固定的格式。敘述性應(yīng)用文采納一般記敘文的寫(xiě)作方法，無(wú)特殊之處；說(shuō)明性應(yīng)用文的行文呈排列式，即以小標(biāo)題為單位逐一下行排列。6.就命題特點(diǎn)來(lái)說(shuō)，高考英語(yǔ)應(yīng)用文的設(shè)問(wèn)一般是依據(jù)文章段落的依次依次設(shè)置，主要考查考生提取信息和處理信息的實(shí)力，既考查對(duì)特定細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)的選取、解除、類比、綜合，又留意推理推斷題的考查，題目設(shè)置相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)潔。具體講來(lái)主要有四大類：(1)細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題，即要求考生對(duì)閱讀材料中的某一具體事實(shí)和細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)進(jìn)行理解。這一題型常見(jiàn)的命題方式有事實(shí)認(rèn)定題、圖形分辨題、數(shù)字運(yùn)算題等。(2)推理推斷題。這類題主要考查考生依據(jù)文章的字面意思，通過(guò)分析語(yǔ)篇的邏輯關(guān)系，探討細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)的示意，推敲作者的看法，理解文章的寓意等。推理推斷題屬于主觀性較強(qiáng)的高層次閱讀理解題。(3)主旨大意題。該類題主要考查考生對(duì)所讀材料中心思想的概括.其考查形式有很多，如概括標(biāo)題、主題、中心思想等。(4)詞義揣測(cè)題，即要求考生依據(jù)肯定的上下文揣測(cè)生詞的詞義。廣告類閱讀題的五大特點(diǎn)1.材料特點(diǎn)：大家知道，刊登廣告是要錢(qián)的，為了節(jié)約費(fèi)用，人們?cè)跀M寫(xiě)廣告時(shí)往往都希望用最少的篇幅表現(xiàn)最大量的信息，這就確定了廣告類材料通常具有以下特點(diǎn)：信息量大，用詞簡(jiǎn)練，形式敏捷。2.內(nèi)容特點(diǎn)：綜觀近幾年的高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解題，其中廣告類閱讀題內(nèi)容主要涉及的是與人們生活休戚相關(guān)的信息，如產(chǎn)品宣揚(yáng)、服務(wù)介紹、招生聘請(qǐng)等。3.形式特點(diǎn)：做廣告的主要目的就是要讓受眾了解并記住廣告的內(nèi)容，并為廣告上所刊登的內(nèi)容(產(chǎn)品或服務(wù)等)買(mǎi)單。為了達(dá)到這一目的，人們?cè)谠O(shè)計(jì)廣告時(shí)往往會(huì)做到：標(biāo)題醒目，重點(diǎn)突出，條理清晰。4.用詞特點(diǎn)：廣告類閱讀材料的用詞有＂三多＂特點(diǎn)：一是人名、地名、專出名詞多；二是生詞多；三是縮略詞、省略句多。5.命題特點(diǎn)：廣告類閱讀是近幾年高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解最?？嫉念}材，在閱讀理解的選材中占有很大的比重。命題者的目的是要考查考生提取信息和處理信息的實(shí)力，所以命題的題型多是以獲得信息為主的細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。命題趨勢(shì)1.考點(diǎn)趨勢(shì)：今后對(duì)語(yǔ)篇領(lǐng)悟?qū)嵙Φ臋z測(cè)仍是高考的重點(diǎn)和基本點(diǎn)，同時(shí)還需關(guān)注對(duì)主旨大意題和文章結(jié)構(gòu)題的考查。2.理解層次趨勢(shì)：表層意義理解題削減，深層含義理解題增多?？疾殡y度有所增加，由簡(jiǎn)潔找尋信息向多層次細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)推理的趨勢(shì)比較明顯。3.信息量和詞匯量：閱讀理解材料信息濃縮，詞匯總量削減，但對(duì)詞匯量的考查在加大，非考綱詞匯有所增加(主要為詞根加上前、后綴或有詞義轉(zhuǎn)化的詞)。旨在引導(dǎo)學(xué)生駕馭詞匯的合成、派生和轉(zhuǎn)化，讓考生能通過(guò)上下文或構(gòu)詞法來(lái)理解詞匯的含義。《考試說(shuō)明》中＂依據(jù)上下文推斷單詞和短語(yǔ)的含義＂這一新要求預(yù)示對(duì)實(shí)力要求有所提高。4.句子的難度：長(zhǎng)句增多，句子難度加大。復(fù)合句、省略句、倒裝句和插入語(yǔ)等語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象普遍。5.體裁和題材：接著體現(xiàn)體裁和題材多樣化，并彰顯英語(yǔ)國(guó)家語(yǔ)言與文化特點(diǎn)，強(qiáng)化文化意識(shí)的滲透。題材涉獵廣泛，體現(xiàn)＂語(yǔ)言是文化的載體＂這一理念。題組一（2024年高考真題）Passage1(2024·全國(guó)新高考卷I，A)POETRYCHALLENGEWriteapoemabouthowcourage,determination,andstrengthhavehelpedyoufacechallengesinyourlife.Prizes3GrandPrizes:TriptoWashington,D．C．foreachofthreewinners,aparentandoneotherpersonofthewinner’schoice.Tripincludesround-tripairtickets,hotelstayfortwonights,andtoursoftheNationalAirandSpaceMuseumandtheofficeofNationalGeographicWorld.6FirstPrizes:ThebookSkyPioneer:APhotobiographyofAmeliaEarhartsignedbyauthorCorinneSzaboandpilotLindaFinch.50HonorableMentions:Judgeswillchooseupto50honorablementionwinners,whowilleachreceiveaT-shirtinmemoryofEarhart’sfinalflight.RulesFollowallrulescarefullytopreventdisqualification.■Writeapoemusing100wordsorfewer.Yourpoemcanbeanyformat,anynumberoflines.■Writebyhandortypeonasinglesheetofpaper.Youmayuseboththefrontandbackofthepaper.■Onthesamesheetofpaper,writeortypeyourname,address,telephonenumber,andbirthdate.■MailyourentrytousbyOctober31thisyear.1．Howmanypeoplecaneachgrandprizewinnertakeonthefreetrip?A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Six.2．Whatwilleachofthehonorablementionwinnersget?A．Aplaneticket. B．AbookbyCorinneSzabo.C．AspecialT-shirt. D．AphotoofAmeliaEarhart.3．Whichofthefollowingwillresultindisqualification?A．Typingyourpoemout. B．Writingapoemof120words.C．Usingbothsidesofthepaper. D．MailingyourentryonOctober30.【答案】1．A2．C3．B【解析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。本文是一篇詩(shī)歌大賽的征稿啟事。文章就參賽作品的內(nèi)容、獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)、參賽規(guī)則等做了介紹。1．細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)Prizes部分中第一段中的“TriptoWashington,D.C.foreachofthreewinners,aparentandoneotherpersonofthewinner'schoice”可知，每位獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)叨伎梢詭б幻议L(zhǎng)和另一名由獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)哌x擇的人員。因此，每位獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)呖梢詭蓚€(gè)人。故選A。2．細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)Prizes部分中第三段“50HonorableMentions:Judgeswillchooseupto50honorablementionwinners,whowilleachreceiveaT-shirtinmemoryofEarhart'sfinalflight”可知，每位優(yōu)秀獎(jiǎng)獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)叨紝@得一件紀(jì)念埃爾哈特最終一次飛行的T恤。故選C。3．細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一部分中的“Followallrulescarefullytopreventdisqualification.Writeapoemusing100wordsorfewer”可知，所寫(xiě)的詩(shī)字?jǐn)?shù)不能超過(guò)100字。否則，將會(huì)被取消資格。故結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，B選項(xiàng)(寫(xiě)一首120字的詩(shī))是會(huì)被取消資格的。故選B。Passage2(2024·全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷III，A)JourneyBackinTimewithScholarsClassicalProvence(13days)JourneythroughthebeautifulcountrysideofProvence，F(xiàn)rance，withProf.OriZ.Soltes.Wewillvisitsomeofthebest-preservedRomanmonumentsintheworld.OurtouralsoincludesachancetowalkinthefootstepsofVanGoghandGauguin.Fieldsofflowers,tile-roofed(瓦屋頂)villagesandtastymealsenrichthiswonderfulexperience.SouthernSpain(15days)Spainhaslovelywhitetownsandthescent(芳香)oforanges，butitisalsoatreasuryofancientremainsincludingthecitiesleftbytheGreeks，RomansandArabs.AswetravelsouthfromMadridwithProf.RonaldMessiertohistoricToledo，RomanMeridaandintoAndalucia,weexplorehistoricalmonumentsandarchitecture.China’sSacredLandscapes(21days)DiscovertheChinaof“pastages,”itswalledcities，templesandmountainscenerywithProf.RobertThorp.Highlights(精彩之處)includeChina’smostsacredpeaksatMountTaiandHangzbou’srollinghills，waterwaysandpeacefultemples.WewillwanderintraditionalsmalltownsandendourtourwithanexceptionalmuseuminShanghai.Tunisia(17days)JoinProf.PedarFossonourin-depthTunisiantour.TourhighlightsincludetheRomancityofDougga，theundergroundNumidiancapitalatBullaRegia,RomanSbeitlaandtheremoteareasaroundTataouineandMatmata，uiqueforundergroundcities.OurjourneytakesustopicturesqueBerbervillagesandlovelybeaches.21．WhatcanvisitorsseeinbothClassicalProvenceandSouthernSpain？A．Historicalmonuments. B．Fieldsofflowers.C．VanGogh’spaintings. D．Greekbuildings.22．WhichcountryisProf.Thorpmostknowledgeableabout？A．France. B．Spain. C．China. D．Tunisia.23．WhichofthefollowinghighlighttheTunisiantour？A．Whitetowns. B．Undergroundcities. C．Tile-roofedvillages. D．Rollinghills.【答案】21．A22．C23．B【解析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四個(gè)國(guó)家中，那些可以讓人們回顧過(guò)去的聞名景點(diǎn)。21．細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一部分的Wewillvisitsomeofthebest-preservedRomanmonumentsintheworld.(我們將參觀一些世界上保存最完好的羅馬建筑遺跡)和其次部分的weexplorehistoricalmonumentsandarchitecture.(我們探究歷史遺跡和建筑)可知，在ClassicalProvence和SouthernSpain游客們可以參觀歷史遺跡。A.Historicalmonuments（歷史遺跡）符合以上說(shuō)法，故選A項(xiàng)。22．推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三部分的China'sSacredLandscapes(21days)(中華神山21天)和DiscovertheChinaof''pastages'',itswalledcities,templesandmountainscenerywithProfRobertThorp.HighlightsincludeChina'smostsacredpeaksatMountTaiandHangzhou'srollinghills,waterwaysandpeacefultemples(和Robert教授一起發(fā)覺(jué)中國(guó)的過(guò)去，有墻的城市、寺廟和山景。精彩之處包括中國(guó)最神圣的泰山之巔，杭州起伏的群山、運(yùn)輸河和安靜的寺廟)可知，去中國(guó)的神山之行總共有27天，而且Thorp對(duì)中國(guó)的名山特別了解。由此推想Thorp在這四個(gè)國(guó)家里最了解中國(guó)。C.China(中國(guó))符合以上說(shuō)法，故選C項(xiàng)。23．細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四部分的TourhighlightsincludetheRomancityofDougga,theundergroundMumidiancapitalatBullaRegia,RomanSbeitlaandtheremoteareasaroundTaraounineandMatmata,uniqueforundergroundcities.(突尼斯的旅游亮點(diǎn)包括羅馬城市Dougga，地下城市Mumidian,它是BullaRegia的首府，RomanSbeitla以及在Taraounine和Matmata旁邊的區(qū)域，它們是獨(dú)特的地下城市)可知，突尼斯的旅游亮點(diǎn)是地下城市。B.Undergroundcities(地下城市)符合以上說(shuō)法，故選B項(xiàng)。Passage3(2024年天津卷A（第一次），A)YourstudentIDcardidentifiesyouasastudentattheUniversityofBolton.ItwillprovideyouwithaccesstoUniversityfacilitiessuchasUniversityLibraries,SportsCentre,andComputingServices.Pleasecarryyourcardwithyouatalltimes.Donotloseyourcardorlendittoothers.Yourcardisvalidduringthewholetimeofyourstudies.Itremainstheproperty（財(cái)產(chǎn)）oftheUniversityofBoltonatalltimes.Newstudents—photographsYouwillberequestedtouploadapassportsizedphotographaspartoftheonlineregistrationprocess.Thisshouldbeajpgfilewithasizeofnomorethan1MB．Yourphotographshouldbeaportraitimageinproportion（比例）toa6"×4"portraitphotograph.Itshouldbetakenincolourandmustnothavebeenbeautifiedwithimagefilters（濾光鏡）.YourstudentIDcardwillbeprovidedtoyoubyyourdepartmentduringWelcomeWeek.PleasebeawarethatyouwillnotreceivethissmartcardduringWelcomeWeekifyoudonotuploadyourimageonlineby4September2024.ReplacementcardsIfyourstudentIDcardnolongerworksorhasbeendamaged,orifyouhavechangedyourpersonalorprogrammedetails,youshouldcallintotheStudentAdministrationCentre（SAC）torequestanewone.Pleaseensurethatyoubringyourexistingcardwithyou.Yourreplacementcardwillbeproducedfreeofcharge.IfyourcardhasbeenreportedtothePoliceasstolen,pleasealsocallintotheSACtorequestareplacement,bringingwithyouacopyofyourPoliceCrimeReportpaperwork.Yourcardwillbeproducedfreeofcharge.Ifyourcardhasbeenlost,afeeof￡5ischargedfortheproductionofareplacementcard.Youarerequestedtouseouronlinepaymentservice.Note:Replacementcardswillbeavailableforyoutocollectsevenworkingdaysaftermakingtherequest.Asasecuritymeasure,youarerequestedtocollectyourcardinpersonattheSAC．36．WhichofthefollowingisafunctionofthestudentIDcard?A．Toremindstudentstoprotectpublicproperty.B．Toenablestudentstouseresourcesinthelibrary.C．Tohelpstudentsdemonstratetheircomputerskills.D．Toprovideinformationaboutcampusfacilities.37．TomeettherequirementsofthephotographonthestudentIDcard,anewstudentshouldupload__________.A．a(chǎn)nimagesavedasaPDFfile.B．a(chǎn)colourpictureoftheirpassport.C．a(chǎn)photobeautifiedbyaphotographer.D．a(chǎn)portraitphotographofproperproportion.38．InwhichcasedoesastudenthavetopayforthereplacementofthestudentIDcard?A．Thetheftofthecardhasbeenofficiallyproved.B．Thecardholderhaschangedhisorhermajor.C．Thecarddroppedoffintoalakebyaccident.D．Thecardfailstoworkproperly.39．Tocollectyourreplacementcard,youshould___________.A．fetchitattheSACpersonallyB．gothroughasecuritycheckfirstC．callthepolicestationinadvanceD．waitforsevendaysbeforegettingit.【答案】36．B37．D38．C39．A【解析】本文是說(shuō)明文。Bolton高校介紹了學(xué)生證的作用，辦理和運(yùn)用學(xué)生證過(guò)程中須要留意的問(wèn)題和處理方法。36．細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段“YourstudentIDcardidentifiesyouasastudentat

the

UniversityofBolton.ItwillprovideyouwithaccesstoUniversityfacilitiessuchasUniversityLibraries,

SportsCentre,

andComputingServices.”可知，學(xué)生證表明你是Bolton高校的學(xué)生。它將為您供應(yīng)訪問(wèn)高校設(shè)施，如高校圖書(shū)館、體育中心和計(jì)算服務(wù)的機(jī)會(huì)。即學(xué)生證可以讓學(xué)生運(yùn)用圖書(shū)館的資源。故選B。37．細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)Newstudents-photographs部分的“Thisshouldbeajpgfilewithasizeofnomorethan1MB.Yourphotographshouldbeaportraitimage

inproportion(比例)toa"6×4"portraitphotograph.”學(xué)校對(duì)學(xué)生證照片大小、比例的要求，可知新生須要上傳適當(dāng)比例的肖像照片，故選D。38．推理推斷題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段“Ifyourcardhasbeenlost,

afeeof￡5ischargedfor

the

productionofareplacementcard.”可知假如學(xué)生證丟失，補(bǔ)新卡須要支付5英鎊的費(fèi)用。由此推斷出，選項(xiàng)C：卡片不當(dāng)心掉到湖里去了，屬于丟失，應(yīng)當(dāng)支付補(bǔ)卡費(fèi)用。故選C。39．細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一句“Asasecuritymeasure,

youarerequestedtocollectyourcard

in

personat

the

SAC.”可知為了平安起見(jiàn)，應(yīng)當(dāng)親自去SAC領(lǐng)取學(xué)生證。故選A。Passage4(2024年天津卷7月，A)HowtoUseaModernPublicLibraryHasitbeenawhilesinceyourlastvisittoapubliclibrary?Ifso,youmaybesurprisedtolearnthatlibrarieshavechangedforthebetter.It’sbeenyearssincetheyweredustylittleroomswithbooks.Theyhavetransformedthemselvesintoplaceswhereyoucandevelopyourloveofknowledgemeetinterestingpeople,orfindouthowtostartabusiness.Checkoutabook.Whilelibrariesstillloanout(出借)books,you’llfinditeasiertogetacopyofwhateveryou’relookingfor,thankstoacooperativenetworkofarealibraries.Viasuchnetworks,librariessharetheirbookswitheachotherthroughtheuseofdeliveryvehicles.Oncethebookyou’verequestedisdeliveredtothenearestbranch,theywillinformyoubye-mail,soyoucanpickitup.Checkoutotheritems.Thelibraryisnowamultimediazone,loadedwithinformationinmanyformats(載體形式).YoucanborrowmoviesonDVDs,musiconCDs,andpopularmagazines.Somelibrariesevenloanouttoysandgames.Ifapopularmagazineyouwantisn’tofferedandthelibrarykeepsalistofsuchrequests,theymaybringitinwhenenoughinterestisshown.Jointargetedreadinggroups.Librarieswilloftenholdreading-groupsessionstargetedtovariousagegroups.Perhapsyou’dliketolearnalanguageorimproveyourEnglish.Thelibrarymaysponsoralanguagegroupyoucouldjoin.Ifyouhavedifficultiesreading,askaboutspecialreadingopportunities.Yourlibrarymightbeabletoaccommodateyou.Andyoumightfinditrelaxingtobringyoursmallkidtoahalf-hourStoryTimewhileyousitquietlyinacornerwithagoodbook.Startabusinessusingthehelpofyourlocallibrary.Ifyouwanttohaveabusinessofyourown,yourlocallibrarycanbecomealaunchspaceforit.Inlibrarybooksandcomputers,youcanfindinformationonstartingabusiness.Manylibrarieswillhelpyouwithlocallysuppliedinformationaboutbusinessmanagementsharedthroughchambersofcommerce(商會(huì))andgovernmentagencies,andtheywillofferprinting,faxinganddatabaseservicesyouneed.36.Publiclibrariesconnectedbyacooperativenetworkbenefitreadersby______.A.sharingtheirbooksontheInternetB.givingaccesstoonlinereadingatalibrarybranchC.sendinganeededbooktoalibrarybranchnearbyD.makingthecheckoutproceduresdiverse37.AccordingtoParagraph3,whatitemsmaybecheckedoutfromapubliclibrary?A.Amagazineandane-book.B.Agameandanoilpainting.C.AmusicCDandakid’stoy.D.ADVDandavideoplayer38.AsisdescribedinParagraph4,takingasmallkidtoahalf-hourStoryTimeallows______.A.thekidtolearnanewlanguageB.theparenttoenjoyquietreadingC.thekidtoovercomereadingdifficultiesD.theparenttomeettheirprogramsponsor39.Yourlocallibrarycanhelpyoustartabusinessby______.A.providingrelevantinformationandsupportingservicesB.offeringprofessionaladviceonbusinessmanagementC.supplyingusefulinformationofyourpotentialbuyersD.arrangingmeetingswithgovernmentofficials40.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Topointouttheimportanceofpubliclibraries.B.Toencouragepeopletoworkinpubliclibraries.C.Tointroducetheimprovedservicesofpubliclibraries.D.Tocallforthemodernizationofpubliclibrarysystems.【答案】36.C37.C38.39.A40.C【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了如何運(yùn)用改造升級(jí)后現(xiàn)代公共圖書(shū)館。36.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章Checkoutabook中“Viasuchnetworks,librariessharetheirbookswitheachotherthroughtheuseofdeliveryvehicles.Oncethebookyou'verequestedisdeliveredtothenearestbranch,theywillinformyoubye-mail,soyoucanpickitup.(通過(guò)這樣的網(wǎng)絡(luò)，圖書(shū)館通過(guò)運(yùn)載車輛的運(yùn)用彼此共享圖書(shū)。一旦你要的書(shū)送到最近的書(shū)店，他們會(huì)通過(guò)電子郵件通知你，你就可以去取了。)”可知，合作網(wǎng)絡(luò)連接的公共圖書(shū)館通過(guò)向旁邊的圖書(shū)館分支機(jī)構(gòu)發(fā)送所需的書(shū)籍，使讀者受益。故選C項(xiàng)。37.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第三段“YoucanborrowmoviesonDVDs,musiconCDs,andpopularmagazines.Somelibrariesevenloanouttoysandgames.(你可以借DVD電影、CD音樂(lè)和流行雜志。一些圖書(shū)館甚至借出玩具和嬉戲。)”可知，從公共圖書(shū)館可以外借DVD電影、CD音樂(lè)、流行雜志、玩具和嬉戲等物品。故選C項(xiàng)。38.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第四段“Andyoumightfinditrelaxingtobringyoursmallkidtoahalf-hourStoryTimewhileyousitquietlyinacornerwithagoodbook.(你可能會(huì)發(fā)覺(jué)帶著你的孩子去半個(gè)小時(shí)的“故事時(shí)間”是一種放松，那時(shí)你安靜地坐在角落里看一本好書(shū)，)”可知，帶孩子去半小時(shí)的“故事時(shí)間”，可以讓父母享受安靜的閱讀。故選B項(xiàng)。39.細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章最終一段“Manylibrarieswillhelpyouwithlocallysuppliedinformationaboutbusinessmanagementsharedthroughchambersofcommerce（商會(huì)）andgovernmentagencies,andtheywillofferprintinganddatabaseservicesyouneed.(很多圖書(shū)館會(huì)通過(guò)商會(huì)和政府機(jī)構(gòu)共享本地供應(yīng)的商業(yè)管理信息，并供應(yīng)你須要的打印和數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)服務(wù)。)”可知，你當(dāng)?shù)氐膱D書(shū)館可以通過(guò)供應(yīng)相關(guān)信息和支持服務(wù)來(lái)幫助你創(chuàng)業(yè)。故選A項(xiàng)。40.推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章標(biāo)題HowtoUseaModernPublicLibrary（如何運(yùn)用一個(gè)現(xiàn)代公共圖書(shū)館）和第一段中的“youmaybesurprisedtolearnthatlibrarieshavechangedforthebetter.Theyhavetransformedthemselvesintoplaceswhereyoucandevelopyourloveofknowledgemeetinterestingpeople,orfindouthowtostartabusiness.（你可能會(huì)驚異地發(fā)覺(jué)圖書(shū)館已經(jīng)變得更好了。他們已經(jīng)把自己變成了一個(gè)地方，在那里你可以發(fā)展你對(duì)學(xué)問(wèn)的酷愛(ài)，遇見(jiàn)好玩的人，或者發(fā)覺(jué)如何創(chuàng)業(yè)）”。再結(jié)合幾個(gè)小標(biāo)題：Checkoutabook（借一本書(shū)）；Checkoutotheritems（借其他物品）；Jointargetedreadinggroups（加入有針對(duì)性的閱讀小組）；Startabusinessusingthehelpofyourlocallibrary（在當(dāng)?shù)貓D書(shū)館的幫助下創(chuàng)業(yè)）可知，本文主要介紹了在經(jīng)過(guò)改善后的圖書(shū)館里，人們可以做些什么，即：經(jīng)過(guò)改善后的圖書(shū)館可以給人們供應(yīng)什么服務(wù)。故選C。題組二（2024年高考真題）Passage1(2024·全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷I，A)NeedaJobThisSummer?Theprovincialgovernmentanditspartnersoffermanyprogramstohelpstudentsfindsummerjobs.Thedeadlinesandwhatyouneedtoapplydependontheprogram.Notastudent?Gotothegovernmentwebsitetolearnaboutprogramsandonlinetoolsavailabletohelppeopleunder30buildskills,findajoborstartbusinessesallyearround.JobsforYouthIfyouareateenagerlivingincertainpartsoftheprovince,youcouldbeeligible(符合條件)forthisprogram.Whichprovideseightweeksofpaidemploymentalongwithtraining.Whoiseligible:Youth15-18yearsoldinselectcommunities(社區(qū)).SummerCompanySummerCompanyprovidesstudentswithhands-onbusinesstrainingandawardsofupto$3,000tostartandruntheirownsummerbusinesses.Whoiseligible:Studentsaged15-29,returningtoschoolinthefall.StewardshipYouthRangerProgramYoucouldapplytobeaStewardshipYouthRangerandworkonlocalnaturalresourcemanagementprojectsforeightweeksthissummer.Whoiseligible:Studentsaged16or17attimeofhire,butnotturning18beforeDecember31thisyear.SummerEmploymentOpportunities(機(jī)會(huì))ThroughtheSummerEmploymentOpportunitiesprogram,studentsarehiredeachyearinavarietyofsummerpositionsacrosstheProvincialPublicService,itsrelatedagenciesandcommunitygroups.Whoiseligible:Studentsaged15orolder.Somepositionsrequirestudentstobe15to24orupto29forpersonswithadisability.21.WhatisspecialaboutSummerCompany?A.Itrequiresnotrainingbeforeemployment.B.Itprovidesawardsforrunningnewbusinesses.C.Itallowsonetoworkinthenaturalenvironment.D.Itoffersmoresummerjobopportunities.22.WhatistheagerangerequiredbyStewardshipYouthRangerProgram?A.15-18. B.15-24. C.15-29. D.16-17.23.Whichprogramfavorsthedisabled?A.JobsforYouth. B.SummerCompany.C.StewardshipYouthRangerProgram. D.SummerEmploymentOpportunities.Passage2(2024·全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷II，A)MyFavouriteBooksJoUsmarisawriterforCosmopolitanandco-authoroftheThisBookWillseries(系列)oflifestylebooks.Hereshepickshertopreads.MatildaRoaldDahlIoncewroteapaperontheinfluenceoffairytalesonRoaldDahl'swritinganditgavemeanewappreciationforhisstrangeanddelightfulwords.Matilda'sbattleswithhercruelmeparentsandthebossyheadmisres，MissTrunchbull，areequallyfumyandfrightening，butthey'realsoaspirational.AfterDarkHarukiMurakamiIt’sabouttwosisters-Eri，amodelwhoeitherwon’torcan’tstopsleeping，andMari,ayoungstudent.Intryingtoconnecttohersister.Maristartschangingherlifeanddiscoversaworldofdiverse”nightpeople”whoarehidingsecrets.GoneGirlGillianFynnTherewasabitofmethatdidn'twanttolovethiswheneveryoneelseontheplanetdidbutthehorrorstoryisbrilliant.There'stensionandanxietyfromthebeginningasNickandAmybattleforyourtrust.It'sarealwhodunitandthefrustrationwhenyourealisewhat'sgoingonishorriblyenjoyableTheStandStephenKingThisisanexcellentfantasynovelfromoneofthebeststorytellersaround.Afteraseriousfluoutbreakwipesout99.4%oftheworld'spopulation,abattleunfoldsbetweengoodandevilamongthoselet.RandallFlaggisoneofthescariestcharactersever.21.Whodoes"I"refertointhetext?A.StephenKing. B.GillianFlynn.C.JoUsmar. D.RoaldDahl22.WhichofthefollowingtellsaboutMariandEri?A.Cosmopolitan. B.Matilda.C.AfterDark. D.TheStand.23.WhatkindofbookisGoneGirl?)A.Afolktale. B.Abiography.C.Alovestory. D.Ahorrorstory.Passage3(2024·全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷III，A)OPENINGSANDPREVIEWSAnimalsOutofPaperYolo！ProductionsandtheGreatGriffonpresenttheplaybyRajivJoseph，inwhichanorigami(折紙術(shù))artistinvitesateenagetalentandhisteacherintoherstudio.MerriMilwedirects.Inpreviews.OpensFeb.12.(WestParkPresbyterianChurch，165W.86thSt.212-868-4444.)TheAudienceHelenMirrenstarsintheplaybyPeterMorgan，aboutQueenElizabethIIoftheUKandherprivatemeetingswithtwelvePrimeMinistersinthecourseofsixtyyears.StephenDaldrydirects.AlsostarringDylanBakerandJudithIvey.PreviewsbeginFeb.14.(Schoenfeld，236W.45thSt.212-239-6200.)HamiltonLin-ManuelMirandawrotethismusicalaboutAlexanderHamilton，inwhichthebirthofAmericaispresentedasanimmigrantstory.ThomasKaildirects.Inpreviews.OpensFeb.17.(Public，425LafayetteSt.212-967-7555.)OntheTwentiethCenturyKristinChenowethandPeterGallagherstarinthemusicalcomedybyBettyComdenandAdolphGreen，aboutaBroadwayproducerwhotriestowinamoviestar'sloveduringacross-countrytrainjourney.ScottEllisdirects，forRoundaboutTheatreCompany.PreviewsbeginFeb.12.(AmericanAirlinesTheatre，227W.42ndSt.212-719-1300.)21.WhatistheplaybyRajivJosephprobablyabout?.A.Atypeofart. B.Ateenager'sstudio.C.Agreatteacher. D.Agroupofanimals.22.WhoisthedirectorofTheAudience?A.HelenMirren. B.PeterMorgan.C.DylanBaker. D.StephenDaldry.23.WhichplaywillyougotoifyouareinterestedinAmericanhistory?A.AnimalsOutofPaper. B.TheAudience.C.Hamilton. D.OntheTwentiethCentury.Passage4(2024·北京卷，A)Wanttoexplorenewcultures，meetnewpeopleanddosomethingworthwhileatthesametime?YoucandoallthethreewithGlobalDevelopmentAssociation(GDA).Whateverstageoflifeyou'reat，whereveryougoandwhateverprojectyoudoinGDA，you'llcreatepositivechangesinapoorandremotecommunity(社區(qū)).Weworkwithvolunteersofallagesandbackgrounds.Mostofourvolunteersareaged17-24.Nowweneedvolunteermanagersaged25-75.Theyareextremelyimportantinthesafeandeffectiverunningofourprogrammes.Wehavesuchrolesasprojectmanagers，mountainleaders，andcommunicationofficers.Dependingonwhichroleyouchoose，youcouldhelptoincreaseacommunity'saccesstosafedrinkingwater，orhelptoprotectvaluablelocalcultures.Youmightalsodesignanadventurechallengetotrainyoungvolunteers.Notonlywillyouhelpouryoungvolunteerstodeveloppersonally，you'llalsolearnnewskillsandincreaseyourculturalawareness.Youmayhavechancestomeetnewpeoplewho'llbecomeyourlifelongfriends.Thissummerwehaveboth4-weekand7-weekprogrammes:CountrySchedule4-weekprogrammes7-weekprogrammesAlgeria5Jul.-1Aug.20Jun.-7Aug.Egypt24Jul-20Aug.19Jun.-6Aug.Kenya20Jul.-16Aug.18Jun.-5Aug.SouthAfrica2Aug.-29Aug.15Jun.-2Aug.GDAensuresthatvolunteersworkwithcommunitymembersandlocalprojectpartnerswhereourhelpisneeded.Allourprojectsaimtopromotethedevelopmentofpoorandremotecommunities.ThereisnootherchancelikeaGDAprogramme.Joinusasavolunteermanagertodevelopyourownskillswhilebringingbenefitstothecommunities.FindoutmoreaboutjoiningaGDAprogramme:Website:Email:humanresources@31.Whatisthemainresponsibilityofvolunteermanagers?A.Toseeklocalpartners B.TotakeinyoungvolunteersC.Tocarryoutprogrammes D.Tofosterculturalawareness32.TheprogrammebeginninginAugustwilloperatein__________.A.Egypt B.Algeria C.Kenya D.SouthAfria33.ThesharedgoalofGDA’sprojectsto__________.A.explorenewcultures B.protecttheenvironmentC.gaincorporatebenefit D.helpcommunitiesinneed題組三（2024年高考真題）Passage1(2024·全國(guó)新課標(biāo)卷I，A)Washington,D.C.BicycleToursCherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.Duration:3hoursThissmallgroupbiketourisafantasticwaytoseetheworld-famouscherrytreeswithbeautifulflowersofWashington,D.C.Yourguidewillprovideahistorylessonaboutthetreesandthefamousmonumentswheretheyblossom.Reserveyourspotbeforeavailability–andthecherryblossoms–disappear!WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTourDuration:3hours(4miles)JoinaguidedbiketourandviewsomeofthemostpopularmonumentsinWashington,D.C.ExplorethemonumentsandmemorialsontheNationalMallasyourguidesharesuniquefactsandhistoryateachstop.Guidedtourincludesbike,helmet,cookiesandbottledwater.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C.Duration:3hoursMorningorAfternoon,thisbiketouristheperfecttourforD.C.newcomersandlocalslookingtoexperienceWashington,D.C.inahealthywaywithminimumeffort.KnowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemostinterestingstoriesaboutPresidents,Congress,memorials,andparks.Comfortablebikesandasmoothtourroute(路途)makecyclingbetweenthesitesfunandrelaxing.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTourDuration:3hours(7miles)JoinasmallgroupbiketourforaneveningofexplorationintheheartofWashington,D.C.GetupclosetothemonumentsandmemorialsasyoubikethesitesofCapitolHillandtheNationalMall.Frequentstopsaremadeforphototakingasyourguideoffersuniquefactsandhistory.Tourincludesbike,helmet,andbottledwater.Allridersareequippedwithreflectivevestsandsafetylights.21.Whichtourdoyouneedtobookinadvance?A.CherryBlossomBikeTourinWashington,D.C.B.WashingtonCapitalMonumentsBicycleTour.C.CapitalCityBikeTourinWashington,D.C.D.WashingtonCapitalSitesatNightBicycleTour.22.WhatwillyoudoontheCapitalCityBikeTour?A.Meetfamouspeople. B.Gotoanationalpark.C.Visitwell-knownmuseums. D.Enjoyinterestingstories.23.Whichofthefollowingdoesthebicycletouratnightprovide?A.Citymaps. B.Cameras.C.Meals. D.Safety