大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試模擬試卷十一（帶答案）

大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試模擬試卷十一

（總分:710.00,做題時(shí)間：130分鐘）

PartIWriting（總題數(shù)：1,分?jǐn)?shù)：0.00）

1.Directions:Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteanessay

entitledLearningfromMistakes.Youarerequiredtowriteatleast150wordsbutno

morethan200words.

1.人的一生中難免犯錯(cuò)

2,有的人能夠在錯(cuò)誤中學(xué)習(xí)，不斷進(jìn)步；有的人卻不以為然，重蹈覆轍

3.對(duì)此，我認(rèn)為...

（分?jǐn)?shù):106.50）

正確答案：（［范文］

LearningfromMistakes

AsAlexanderPoperightlypointedout,"Toerrishuman."We,humanbeings,

arenotinfallibleandwemightmakemistakesinonetimeoranother.

Despitethefactthatweallmakemistakes,attitudestowardsthemvaryfrom

personstopersons.Ontheonehand,somepeoplearecleverenoughtodrawupon

theexperienceandtoavoidthesamemistakes.Ontheotherhand,somemightjust

ignoretheconsequencesoftheblunderandallowhistoryrepeatsitself.

Tobecomeabetterperson,Iassertthatweshouldpaydueattentiontothe

mistakesandlearnourlessons.Asthesayinggoes,failureisthemotherofsuccess.

HowevecIthinkthestatementisonlyhalftrue——ifwedonotthinkaboutthefailure

andletitpass,wewouldnotbeabletotastesuccess.Conversely,ifweponderon

thecausesandeffectsofthefailure,wewillearnourselvesabeacontoguideour

waythrough.Itistruethatallhumanbeingswouldmakemistakes,butlearningfrom

themcanmakeuswiser.）

解析：這是一篇觀點(diǎn)闡釋型的作文，要求考生對(duì)“從錯(cuò)誤中學(xué)習(xí)”這一觀

點(diǎn)作闡釋，并發(fā)表個(gè)人的意見(jiàn)。根據(jù)題目要求，可以將文章內(nèi)容安排如下；

第1段強(qiáng)調(diào)“人非完人”、錯(cuò)誤在所難免的觀點(diǎn)。

第2段闡述人們對(duì)待錯(cuò)誤的態(tài)度。

第3段提出個(gè)人的意見(jiàn)一一應(yīng)該從錯(cuò)誤中學(xué)習(xí)，及其重要的意義。

［參考譯文］

從錯(cuò)誤中學(xué)習(xí)

正如亞歷山大?蒲柏明說(shuō)，“失誤人皆有之二作為人類的我們并非圣人,

犯錯(cuò)在所難免。

盡管人人都會(huì)犯錯(cuò)，但對(duì)于犯錯(cuò)的態(tài)度卻因人而異。有的人機(jī)智聰慧，對(duì)

犯過(guò)的錯(cuò)誤會(huì)引以為戒，避免重蹈覆轍。而有的人卻無(wú)視錯(cuò)誤帶來(lái)的后果，任憑

歷史重演。

想要成為更好的人，我主張我們應(yīng)該重視錯(cuò)誤，并從中學(xué)習(xí)。有句老話“失

敗乃成功之母”，但我覺(jué)得它只說(shuō)對(duì)了一半一一如果我們不去思考失敗，一笑而

過(guò)的話，我們根本無(wú)法品嘗成功。相反，如果我們思索失敗的前因后果，我們會(huì)

得到前進(jìn)道路的指明燈。人人皆犯錯(cuò)，這是事實(shí)，但從錯(cuò)誤中學(xué)習(xí)，能讓我們更

明智。

PartIIListeningComprehension（總題數(shù)：0,分?jǐn)?shù)：0.00）

SectionA（總題數(shù)：8,分?jǐn)?shù)：0.00）

.Questions1to4arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

1.（分?jǐn)?shù)：28.40）

A.OrganismsfarbelowtheEarth'ssurface.V

B.Newdrillingmethods.

C.Ahiddenundergroundworld.

D.Rareandinfectiousbacteria.

解析：［聽(tīng)力原文］

W:Today'sgueston"ScienceUpdate"isDavidBrown.Dr.Brown,youand

yourteamhavefoundbacteriafarbelowtheEarth'ssurface.Youmustbethrilled

aboutyourdiscovery.

M:Well,yes,it'sveryexciting.Foralongtimewe'dsuspectedthepresenceof

suchorganisms,butwelackedsubstantialevidence.

W:Howdidyouconfirmtheexistenceofthebacteria?

M:Well,technologyhelped.Ourdrillingtechniqueshaveimproved

significantly,andsotheriskthatsurfacebacteriacouldbemistakenforthosefound

atmuchgreaterdepthwasreduced.Withthenewtechniques,wecouldgetmuch

deeperintotheEarth.

W:Howfardowndidyouactuallyget?

M:Inonecase,aboutthreekilometers.Weweresurprised,Imusttellyou,

thattherewereorganismsthatfardown.

W:Youknow,itsoundslikefiction,somethinglikealostworld.

M:Let'scallitahiddenbiosphere,andit'sprobablyaveryextensiveone.The

massofthelivingorganismsbelowthesurfacemaybeequalinsizetothemassof

thesurfacebacteria.

W:Haveyoufoundanyuniquelife-forms?

M:Yes.We'vefoundaveryspecialorganism.Let'scallitType-Abacterium.It

canliveandgrowonlywherethereisnooxygen.

W:Isthereanydangerofthesebacteriainfectingpeoplewhenyoubring

themtothesurface?

M:Thesebacteriawereadaptedtoanenvironmentthat'scompletely

differentfromhumans'.That'stosay,theycouldnotsurviveinourenvironment.So

wereallydon'tneedtoworryaboutthesebacteriacausingillnessinpeople.

WhathaveDr.Brownandhisteamdiscovered?

.Questions5to8arebasedontheconversationyouhavejustheard.

5.（分?jǐn)?shù)：28.40）

A.Writingpapersforhisclasses.V

B.Preparingforthecomingexaminthelibrary.

C.Doingextraworkinthechemistrylab.

0.Workingovertimeatalibrary.

解析：［聽(tīng)力原文］

W:Ihaven'tseenyouhereforacoupleweeks.Haveyoustoppedeatingor

something?

M:No.DoesitlooklikeI'vestoppedeating?I'vebeenspendingalotoftime

inthelibrary.

W:Workingonapaper?

M:IwishIwasworkingonapaper!［5］\'mworkingonthreedifferentpapers:

anthropology,Englishliterature,andhistory.

W:Wow,thatisalotofwork.

M:Yeah,andwhat'sfrustratingisthatI'mstudyingthenineteenthcentury

BritishEmpireinallthreeclasses,butIcan'tjustwriteasinglepaperforallthree.

W:Whynot?

M:Theprofessorswon'tletmeevenifImakeitthreetimesaslongasthe

suggestedlength.

W:That'stoobad.Couldyouwriteyourpapersonthreeaspectsofonetopic?

M:Hmm.Whatdoyoumean?Doyouhavesomethinginmind?

W;Well,let'ssee.Hmm...MaybeyoucoulddosomethingwithRomanticism,

like,Ohh...writeyouranthropologypaperontheculturalbasisofRomanticism,and,

uh,yourhistorypaperontheinfluenceoftheRomanticpoetsonBritishforeign

policy,and,OK,andyourEnglishpaperonananalysisofsomeRomanticpoems.

M:Hey,that'snotabadidea!I'vealreadystartedtheresearchforoneofthe

papers,soIcanusethat.WhatcanIdotorepayyou?

W:Youwanttowriteupmychemistrypaperforme?

M:I'dloveto,butI'venevertakenchemistry,soI'mnotsureyou'dlikethe

results.

W:Ohwell,nothanksnecessarythen.I'lldoitmyself.Haveagoodweekend,

andtrytogetoutofthelibraryandgetsomesleep.Youhavebigcirclesunderyour

eyes.

M:OK,I'lltry.Seeyoulater.

Whathasthemanbeenbusydoingrecently?

SectionB（總題數(shù)：7,分?jǐn)?shù)：0.00）

.Questions9to11arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

1.（分?jǐn)?shù):21,30）

A.Pirates.

B.Sailors.

C.Manufactures.

□.Merchants.J

解析：［聽(tīng)力原文］

Ihopeyouhaveallfinishedreadingtheassignedchapteroninsurance——so

thatyou'repreparedforourdiscussiontoday.But,beforewestart,I'dliketomention

afewthingsyourtextdoesn'tgointo.

It'sinterestingtonotethatinsurancehasexistedinsonicformforaverylong

time.Theearliestinsurancepoliciesprovidedshippingprotectionformerchantsas

farbackas3000B.C.

Ingeneral,thecontractswereoftennomorethanverbalagreements.They

grantedloanstomerchantswiththeunderstandingthatifaparticularshipmentof

goodswaslostatsea,theloandidn'thavetoberepaid.Interestontheloansvaried

accordingtohowrisky,itwastotransportthegoods.Duringperiodsofheavypiracy

atsea,forexample,theamountofinterestandthecostofthepolicywentup

considerably.So,youcanseehowinsurancehelpedencourageinternationaltrade.

Eventhemostcautiousmerchantsbecamewillingtoriskshippingtheirgoodsover

longdistances——nottomentioninhazardousweatherconditions——whentheyhad

thiskindofprotectionavailable.

Generallyspeaking,thebasicformofaninsurancepolicyhasbeenpretty

muchthesamesincetheMiddleAges.Therearefourpointsthatwereprominent

thenandremaindominantinallpoliciestoday.Thesewereoutlinedinchaptersix

andwillserveasthebasisfortherestoftoday'sdiscussion.

Whowerethefirstinsurancecontractsdesignedtoprotect?

.Questions12to15arebasedonthepassageyouhavejustheard.

4.（分?jǐn)?shù)：28.40）

A.Itwasfullofenergy.

B.ltgaveoutheat.

C.ltcouldcureillness.J

D.ltcouldkeepthemhealthy.

解析：［聽(tīng)力原文］

Milkwasabasicfoodofmanlongbeforehistorywaswritten.Itwillprobably

keeponbeingoneaslongasthereareanimalsthatgivemilk.

Manyancientpeoplethoughtthatmilkhadgreathealingpower.Oneofthe

mostfamousGreekdoctorstoldhispatientstodrinkmilktocureillness.

Formorethantwohundredyearsmostpeoplegottheirmilkfromtheirown

cattleorfromanearbydairyherd.Butintimenewinventionsmadethedairy

industryabigbusiness.In1851GallBorden,founderofamilkcompany,foundaway

totakesomeofthewateroutofmilk.Thismadeitkeepmuchlonger.Fouryearslater,

LouisPasteurintroducedthepasteurizationprocess.Thisprocesskilledthebacteria

inmilkthatcausedittospoil.Next,aspecialmilkbottlewasdesigned.Thiswas

followedbytheinventionofmachinesthatcouldfillbottlesandcapthem

automatically.

Thesediscoverieshadagreateffectonthedairyindustry.Theymeantthat

milkcouldbestoredlonger.Itcouldbesafelyshippedoverlongdistances,Preparing

anddistributingmilksoonbecamealarge-scalebusiness.Recently,inasingleyear

morethansixtybillionquartsofmilkweresoldintheUnitedStates.

SomepeoplebelievethatmilkdrinkingwillbecomelesspopularinAmerica

thanithasbeen.Butrememberhowlongmilkhasbeenabasicfoodandthinkofthe

manywaysinwhichitisuseful.Itseemssafetosaythatthemilkindustrywillalways

beimportant.

Whatdidancientpeoplethinkaboutmilk?

SectionC（總題數(shù)：10,分?jǐn)?shù)：0.00）

.Questions16to19arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

1.（分?jǐn)?shù):56.80）

A.Protectingtheseafishes.

B.HarmingtheEarth.

C.Harmingtheocean.J

0.Recoveringtheocean.

解析：［聽(tīng)力原文］

Fiftyyearsago,whenIbeganexploringtheocean,nooneimaginedthatwe

coulddoanythingtoharmtheoceanbywhatweputintoitorbywhatwetookout

ofit.Itseemed,atthattime,tobeaseaofparadise,butnowv/eknowthatweare

facingparadiselost.

Iwanttosharewithyoumypersonalviewofchangesintheseathataffectall

ofus,andtoconsiderwhyitmattersthatin50years,we'velost一actually,we've

taken,we'veeaten-morethan90percentofthebigfishinthesea;whyyoushould

carethatnearlyhalfofthecoralreefshavedisappeared;whyareductionofoxygen

inlargeareasofthePacificshouldconcernnotonlythecreaturesthataredying,but

itreallyshouldconcernyou.Itdoesconcernyou,aswell.

Therewasstilltime.Well,nowisthattime.Ihopeforyourhelptoexplore

andprotectthewildoceaninwaysthatwillrestorethehealthand,insodoing,

securehopeforhumankind.Healthtotheoceanmeanshealthforus.

Forme,asascientist,itallbeganin1953whenIfirsttriedunderwater

breathingdevice.It'swhenIfirstgottoknowhowfishswimminginmysterious

ocean.Iactuallylovedivingatnight;youseealotoffishthenthatyoudon'tseein

thedaytime.Sincethen,I'vestarteddesigningandbuilding13underwatersystems

toaccessthedeepsea.Iledafive-yearNationalGeographicexpedition,the

SustainableSeasexpeditions,usingtheselittlesubmarines.They'resosimpleto

drivethatevenascientistcandoit.AndI'mlivingproof.

Overtime,mostoftheplanet'sorganiccarbonhasbeenabsorbedandstored

there.Theoceandrivesclimateandweather,stabilizestemperature,shapesEarth's

chemistry.Waterfromtheseaprovideshomeforabout97percentoflifeinthe

world,maybeintheuniverse.Nowater,nolife;noblue,nogreen.

Aglobalplanofactionwithaworldconservationunionisunderwayto

protectbiodiversity,torecoverfromtheimpactsofclimatechange.New

technologiesareneededtomap,photographandexplorethe95percentofthe

oceanthatwehaveyettosee.Iwishyouwoulduseallmeansatyourdisposal-

films,expeditions,theweb,newsubmarines一andcampaigntoarousepublic

supportforaglobalnetworkofmarineprotectedareas-hopespotslargeenoughto

saveandrestoretheocean,theblueheartoftheplanet.

Whatwasbeyondimaginationwhenthespeakerbegantoexploretheocean

50yearsago?

.Questions20to22arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

5.（分?jǐn)?shù)：42.60）

A.Sheisacosmeticdentistinbeautybusiness.

B.Sheworksinbeautybusinessforover30years.V

C.Sheconductsresearchesincosmeticsproducts.

D.Shemakescommentonthebeautyindustry.

解析：［聽(tīng)力原文］

Financiallyspeaking,makeupcanbeaburden.Byoneestimate,awomanin

theUSwillspendanaverageof$15,000onmakeupinherlifetime.Thefactisthat

theingredientsintheseproductsoftenaccountfornomorethan15%ofthecost,

accordingtoRandySchueller;acosmeticchemistwhohasbeeninthebeauty

businessformorethan30years.

Whatpeoplearemainlypayingforismarketing,packaging,andbrands.That's

whylipstick,forexample,whichismostlywax,oil,andpigments,routinelycosts

morethan$20atubeatadepartmentstoremakeupcounter.

Schuellersaysthat,becauseingredientsaresuchasmallshareofthecost,

"pricedoesnotreallyrelatetoqualitywhenitcomestocosmeticproducts."

Infact,packaginghasbecomesuchafocusintheindustrythatthereare

actuallyawardsgivenoutforit.

Wherethemakeupissoldmatters,too.It'saformofmarketinginitself,

whichisevidentwhenyouconsiderthedifferencebetweenupscalebrandscarriedat

retailerssuchasSephoraandUltaandmass-marketbrandssoldatdrugstores.

KarenGrant,theglobalbeautyindustryanalystatresearchfirmNPD,says

they'retwodifferentmodels,andconsumerspayforthatdifference.Athigher-end

stores,you"payforthedisplayareasandthepeoplewhoarehelpingtosellthe

product,whereasinamassenvironmentitcanbesealedupbehindapackageandsit

onashelf,"shesays.High-endshopsalsooftenmaketesteritemsavailable,andmay

acceptreturnsevenonuseditems.Itsimplycostsaretailermoretobeprofitablein

thatenvironment,andthosecostsarefactoredintothepricetagsontheproducts.

There'sevidencethatconsumersarebuyingintofamousbrandsatincreasing

rates.Salesintheglobalcosmeticsmarketarerising——to$56,9billionlastyear,

accordingtoEuromonitor一andareexpectedtokeepgrowing.Butit'snotbecause

thepriceofmakeupisgettingmoreexpensive.Infact,ithasn't.

Whatshouldaconsumerdo?Knowwhatyou'relookingfor.Ifyouwanta

lipstickthatwilllast,thengowithonedesignedforthat.Butdon'tassumethatmore

expensivemeansbetter.Morethananythingelse,whatthepriceofmakeupsimply

reflectsisthepricethatyou'rewillingtopayforit.

WhatdowelearnaboutRandySchuelleraccordingtothespeaker?

.Questions23to25arebasedontherecordingyouhavejustheard.

8.（分?jǐn)?shù)：42.60）

A.TheywanttoprotestagainstBritishCouncil.

B.TheywanttoputadiamondontheQueen'scrown.

C.TheywanttheUKGovernmentreturnsadiamond.V

D.TheywanttoreturntheMountainofLightdiamond.

解析：［聽(tīng)力原文］

MountainofLight,oneoftheworld'sbest-knowndiamonds,isontheQueen

Elizabeth'scrown.ButtheIndianswantitback.AgroupofIndianstarsand

businessmenhasunitedtoinstructlawyerstobeginlegalproceedingsinLondon's

HighCourttoreturntheMountainofLightdiamond.Thegroupsaysthatthe

105-caratdiamondworthareported￡100mwasstolenfromitstruehomeinIndia

andtheyaxedemandingthattheUKGovernmentreturnsit.

ThediamondwasinthecrownwornbytheQueenElizabethathercrowning

ceremonyin1953.

BollywoodstarBhumickaSingh,alsopartofthegroup,said:"TheMountain

ofLightisnotjusta105-caratstone,butpartofourhistoryandcultureandshould

undoubtedlybereturned."

BritishLawyersinstructedbythe"MountainofLight"grouptoreturnthe

stone,saidtheywouldbasetheircaseontheReturnofCulturalObjectsAct,which

givesnationalinstitutionsintheUKthepowertoreturnstolenart.

SatishJakhu,ofBirmingham-basedlawfirmRubricLoisKing,saidtheywould

maketheirclaimunderthecommonlawdoctrineof"trespasstogoods",arguing

thatthegovernmenthadstolenthediamond.Headdedthattheywouldbetaking

theircasetotheInternationalCourtofJustice.

HistorianAndrewRobertstoldtheMailonSunday:"Thoseinvolvedinthis

ridiculouscaseshouldrecognizethattheBritishCrownJewelsispreciselytheright

placefortheMountainofLightdiamondtoreside,ingratefulrecognitionforover

threecenturiesofBritishinvolvementinIndia,whichledtothemodernisation,

development,protection,agrarianadvance,linguisticunificationandultimatelythe

democratisationofthesub-continent."

Accordingtolegend,thegemcanonlybewornbyGodorwomen,and

whoeverwearsthejewelwillbecomeextremelypowerful,butifamanwearsit,he

willmeetanunfortunateend.

TheUKGovernmenthassofarrejectedtheclaims.

WhatdotheIndianstarsandbusinessmenwanttodo?

PartIIIReadingComprehension（總題數(shù)：0,分?jǐn)?shù)：0.00）

SectionA（總題數(shù)：10,分?jǐn)?shù)：0.00）

.Theconceptofobtainingfleshwaterfromicebergsthataretowedtopopulated

areasandaridregionsoftheworldwasoncetreatedasajokemoreappropriateto

cartoonsthanreallife.Butnov/itisbeing1quiteseriouslybymanynations,

especiallysincescientistshavewarnedthatthehumanracev/ill2itsfresh

watersupplyfasterthanitrunsoutoffood.

Glaciersareapossible3offreshwaterthathasbeenoverlooked

untilrecently.Three-quartersoftheEarth'sfreshwatersupplyisstilltiedupinglacial

ice,areservoirof4freshwatersoimmensethatitcould5allthe

riversoftheworldfor1,000years.Floatingontheoceanseveryyearare7,659

trillionmetrictonsoficeencasedin10,000icebergsthatbreakawayfromthepolar

icecaps,morethanninetypercentofthemfromAntarctica.

Hugeglaciersthat6overtheshallowcontinentalshelfgivebirthto

icebergsthroughouttheyear.Icebergsarenotlikeseaice,whichisformedwhenthe

seaitselffreezes,rather,theyareformed7onland,breakingoffwhen

glaciersspreadoverthesea.Astheydriftawayfromthepolarregion,icebergs

sometimesmovemysteriouslyinadirection8tothewind,pulledby

subsurfacecurrents.Becausetheymeltmoreslowlythansmallerpiecesofice,

icebergshavebeenknowntodriftasfarnorthas35degreessouthoftheequatorin

theAtlanticOcean.Tocontrolthemand9themtopartsoftheworldwhere

theyareneededwouldnotbetoodifficult.Eveniftheicebergslosthalfoftheir

volumeintowing,thewatertheycouldprovidewouldbefarcheaperthanthat

producedbydesalinization（脫鹽），or10saltfromwater.

A.removing

B.stretch

C.deriving

D.entirely

E.untapped

F.resource

G.outgrow

H.opposite

I.approximately

J.considered

K.similar

L.source

M.eusured

N.sustain

O.steer（分?jǐn)?shù)：35.50）

1.（分?jǐn)?shù)：3.55）

填空項(xiàng)1：（正確答案：J）

解析：空格前的isbeing及空格后的bymanynations表明本句為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，

此處應(yīng)填入動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞形式。句首的Butnow表明該句與上文的…wasonce

treatedas...形成對(duì)比關(guān)系，因此所填之詞與trea亡認(rèn)為"相近。過(guò)去分詞considered

“考慮，認(rèn)為”符合要求。

［參考譯文］把冰山拖到地球上人口密集以及干旱貧瘠的地區(qū)并由此獲取淡

水，這種構(gòu)想一度被視作笑話一一更適合動(dòng)畫(huà)片而非現(xiàn)實(shí)生活。而如今，尤其是

自從科學(xué)家警告說(shuō)人類消耗淡水的速度會(huì)比消耗食物的速度更快以來(lái)，許多國(guó)家

都開(kāi)始相當(dāng)認(rèn)真地考慮這個(gè)構(gòu)想。

冰川是以往一宜受人忽略的一種潛在淡水來(lái)源，直到最近才受人關(guān)注。地

球上3/4的淡水仍然埋藏在冰川之中，這個(gè)尚未開(kāi)發(fā)的淡水庫(kù)大得可以維持全世

界的河流達(dá)1000年。每年都有1萬(wàn)座冰山從極地冰蓋分離，其中超過(guò)90%從南

極洲分離，它們蘊(yùn)含著7659萬(wàn)億公噸的冰，在海洋上漂浮著。

在近海較淺的大陸架上延伸的巨大冰川整年都在孕育冰山。冰山和海上浮

冰不同；海上浮冰是海水自身凍結(jié)而形成的，而冰山完全是在陸地上形成的。當(dāng)

冰川延伸到海面上斷裂開(kāi)來(lái)時(shí)，就成為冰山。在冰山從極地漂移開(kāi)來(lái)的過(guò)程中，

有時(shí)在洋面下的潛流推動(dòng)下，會(huì)不可思議地朝與風(fēng)向相反的方向移動(dòng)。它們?nèi)诨?/p>

的速度比小冰塊要慢，所以，據(jù)人們所知，有的冰山甚至?xí)鞯匠嗟酪阅?5

度的大西洋上?？刂撇阉鼈円龑?dǎo)到需要它們的地方不會(huì)是一件太困難的事情。

即使在拖引的過(guò)程中冰山的體積耗損一半，由冰山提供的淡水也會(huì)比用脫鹽的辦

法得到的淡水便宜得多。

2.（分?jǐn)?shù)：3.55）

填空項(xiàng)1：.（正確答案：G）

解析：空格前的will提示此處需要?jiǎng)釉~原形作謂語(yǔ)。本句對(duì)比人類對(duì)淡水

的需求和對(duì)食物的需求，根據(jù)對(duì)比成分fasterthanitrunsoutoffood可知，該謂

語(yǔ)動(dòng)訶意義_L與runoutof（用盡）相近。訶庫(kù)中只有outgrow在意義、用法與形式

上都符合。

3.（分?jǐn)?shù)：3.55）

填空項(xiàng)1：（正確答案：L）

解析：空格前面的冠詞a表示此處需要可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式，且與。f一起連

用。后一句講到,地球上3/4的淡水埋藏在冰川之中?？梢?jiàn)，Glaciers（冰川）是淡

水的一個(gè)來(lái)源，source“來(lái)源”符合語(yǔ)境。

4.（分?jǐn)?shù)：3.55）

填空項(xiàng)1:（正確答案：E）

解析：此處需要形容詞或分詞修飾freshwatero上一句講到冰川一直has

beenoverlookeduntilrecently,由此可知冰川中的淡水一直未被開(kāi)發(fā)，untapped

“未開(kāi)發(fā)的”符合語(yǔ)境。untappedfleshwaterIt”未被開(kāi)發(fā)的淡水

5.（分?jǐn)?shù):3.55）

填空項(xiàng)1：（正確答案：N）

解析：此處需要及物動(dòng)詞原形作謂語(yǔ)。詞庫(kù)中符合條件的動(dòng)詞有stretch,

sustain和steer,而根據(jù)前面的soimmense可知此句意為“冰川的水量極大，足

以維持地球上所有河流”，因此sustain符合句意。

6.（分?jǐn)?shù)：3.55）

填空項(xiàng)1：（正確答案：B）

解析：此處需要?jiǎng)釉~原形與over構(gòu)成搭配，作定語(yǔ)從句的謂語(yǔ)，表明huge

glaciers“分布”在淺大陸架上。詞庫(kù)中的動(dòng)詞原形有stretch和steer,但steer

不能與連用，而在意義和用法上都符合題意，故選

overstretchstretcho

7.（分?jǐn)?shù)：3.55）

填空項(xiàng)1：（正確答案：D）

解析：本句的結(jié)構(gòu)完整，因此需要副詞成分?？崭袂暗牟迦氤煞謗ather表

明冰山的形成與海上浮冰不同，海上浮冰是海水自身凍結(jié)形成，而冰山是在陸地

上形成。詞庫(kù)中只有entirely"完全”能突出二者不同的程度。副詞approximately

常用于形容大概的數(shù)字、數(shù)量或時(shí)間，不宜用在此處。

8.（分?jǐn)?shù)；3.5S）

填空項(xiàng)1：（正確答案：H）

解析：此處需要形容詞與to形成固定搭配，作direction的后置定語(yǔ)。詞庫(kù)

中的opposite與similar都能與to搭配,根據(jù)上文說(shuō)冰山有時(shí)movemysteriously,

可推測(cè)冰山的移動(dòng)與風(fēng)向并不一致，由此可確定答案為oppositeo

9.（分?jǐn)?shù)：3.55）

填空項(xiàng)1：（正確答案：0）

解析：此處需要及物動(dòng)詞原形且能與后面的介詞to搭配。根據(jù)and前面的

并列成分control,可推測(cè)該詞與“掌控”意思相近，因此答案為steer。steersth.

to...意為“引導(dǎo)某物去往……二

10.（分?jǐn)?shù)：3.55）

填空項(xiàng)上（正確答窠：A）

解析：空格前面的or表明其后的成分用于解釋desalinization,由于介詞by

的限定，故此處需填入動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞，且能與from連用。詞庫(kù)中的removing

和deriving都能與from連用，但desalinization提示這里講的是把鹽從水中分離

出來(lái)，所以選擇removing（除去）,而不是deriving（源自）。

SectionB（總題數(shù)：10,分藪:0.00）

Signs:theMostUsefulThingWePayNoAttentionto

A.Signage-thekindweseeoncitystreets,inairports,onhighways,in

hospitalcorridors—isthemostusefulthingwepaynoattentionto.Whenitworks

well,ittellsuswhereweare（aswhenanInterstatemarkerassuresuswe'reonthe

righthighway）andithelpsustogetwherewewanttogo（aswhenanairport

bannerdirectsustoourgate）.Whenitfails,wemisstrains,we'relateto

appointments,wespendhourspacingtheindistinguishablefloorsofunderground

parkinggarages,mutteringtoourselvesinmountingfrustrationandfury.Andin

somecases,especiallywhereautomobilesareinvolved,theconsequencesofbad

signagecanbefatal.

B.Badsignscansendperfectlyordinarycitizensintospiralsofconfusion.

TakeRichardAnkrom,aLosAngelesartistwhothoughtthejunctionofthe110

freewayandthe5freewaywasbadlymarked.In2001,heputonanoutfitthat

lookedliketheonesCaltraushighwayworkerswore,climbedupontoafreeway

gantry（信號(hào)架），andmountedanaluminumsignhe'dmanufacturedhimself

accordingtostatespecifications.Thesignstayedupforninemonthswithoutanyone

noticingwhathe'ddone;whenthestoryleakedtothepressandCaltransfinally

realized,theagencyleftthesignupforeightmoreyears.

C.OrconsiderLeslieGalleryDilworth,aPhiladelphiaarchitectwhotooka

roadtripwithherhusbandthroughSpaininthe1980s.Throughoutthejourney,

they'dbeenamazedatthesimplicityoftheEuropeanroadsigns,whichwereeasyto

useeventhoughneitherofthemspokeSpanish.UpontheirreturntoPhilly,theygot

lostonthewayfromtheairporttotheirhouse,whenabadsetofsignsdirected

themtoalocaldump.Dilworthwassostruckbyherowncity'sinhospitalitythatshe

spentmuchofthenextdecadeworkingwiththecityandlocalstakeholders

improvingPhiladelphia'ssignsystems.Today,she'stheCEOoftheSocietyfor

EnvironmentalGraphicDesign,thepremierAmericanprofessionalgroupforsign

designers.

D.Mostpeople,whentheythinkaboutit,canpointtosignsthathavefailed

them:thehospitalcomplexthatfeltlikealabyrinth（迷宮）ortheexittheyalways

almostmiss.Butthetruthisthatsignagetodayisfarbetterthanit'sbeenatany

otherpointinhistory.Acenturyago,signdesignwasn'taprofessiontospeakof;the

signsthatguidedridersandpedestrians（thereweren'tmanydriversyet）tendedto

beinformal.Astheautomobiletookoff,theworldfounditneecedtrafficengineers,

anditwasthesemenandwomenwhowerethefirsttothinkseriouslyaboutsign

systems.Americaputnationalstandardsforroadsignsinplacein1935.

E.Butthedevelopersofofficebuildings,shoppingmalls,andother

pedestrianspaceswereslowtofollowsuit.Developerstendedtoassumethat

architectswouldtakecareofsigndesign,andmanyarchitectswouldleaveitupto

tenants.Asaresult,securityguardsandsecretarieswereoftentheonestohelp

orientthelost.

F.The1970ssawthefirststirringsofrevolutioninthesignworld.That's

whentheSEGDwasfounded,andit'swhendesignersfirstbegantoseriouslystudy

howbesttoorientpeopleandguidethemthroughspace.Theirworkwasprompted

inpartbyAmerica'sgreaturbanthinkers:peoplelikeKevinLynchandJaneJacobs,

whoarguedthatspacesshouldbedesignednottofulfillthegrandvisionsof

architectsbutwithhumblehumanusesinmind.Thefieldearnedaname—

"wayfinding,"aLynchcoinage一andtoday,peopleinthebusinesscallthemselves

wayfindingdesignersandtalkaboutplacesthathave"goodwayfinding"or"terrible

wayfinding."Bythe1980sand'90s,wayfindingadvocateswereinvolvedinmore

developmentprojects,butdispatchesfromtheerahaveaslightlyindignant

designersofenvironmentalgraphicsstilloftenfoundthemselvesfightingforaplace

atthetable.Duringthelast10years,however,wayfindinghascomeintoitsown.

Morerequestsforproposalsformajorbuildinginitiativesnowrequirebiddersto

explainhowthey'llhandlewayfindingdesign.Manycitieshaveinstalledwayfinding

systemsliketheoneDilworthhelpedbuildinPhiladelphia.Newairportsandtrain

stationsareroutinelybuiltwithgoodnavigationinmind.

G.Whyhastherebeensuchgrowthinthefield?Onecauseisthe

remarkablepaceofeconomicdevelopmentoverthepasthalf-century.Developed

countries