江蘇中考英語2022-2024年真題匯編專題03-2 閱讀理解之說明文（教師）

江蘇中考英語2022-2024年真題匯編專題03-2閱讀理解之說明文1(2024·江蘇蘇州·中考統(tǒng)考真題B篇)ArecentTVseriesTotheWonderhasbecomeChina’sbreakoutTVhitoftheyear.Ithasalsowonpraiseatafilmfestivalabroad.TotheWonderisbasedontheaward-winningnovelofLiJuan,MyAltay,andisdirectedbyTengCongcong.Itisverypoeticandfilledwithbeautifulwisdom.TheTVdramafollowsthejourneyofLiWenxiu.SheoncewishedtoleaveAltay,anareainNorthernXinjiang.AfterfailingtorealizeherdreaminthecapitalofXinjiang,Lihastomovebacktoherhometownandtriestofindanewdirectionforherself.Atfirst,Lifindsithardtounderstandherneighbours’traditionalwayofthinking.UndertheinfluenceofhermotherZhangFengxia,Listartstoseetheplaceanditspeopleinanewlight.Later,shecomestounderstandtheirlifestyleandrespectfornature.Fansdescribewatchingthedramaasanexperienceinthewonderland.“It’slikebreathinginfreshairorlyingunderthesun,”saidonefan.“Itisauniquedrama,verydifferentfromtheusualChineseseries.Amust-watchifyouwanttodiscoverthebeautyofthegrasslandandlifethere,”anotherfansaid.“PeopleenjoythewonderfulviewofAltay.Butthekeytothesuccessoftheseriesliesinitsabilitytoconnectwiththeviewersonahumanlevel,”saidTengCongcong.“Inthedrama,everyonecommunicatessincerely.EvenifIdisagreewithyou,Isincerelyrespectyou.Infact,thisisaveryimportantpartofhumannature—thelovefortruth,goodnessandbeauty.”14.TotheWonderisthenameof_______.A.aforeigndrama B.afamousfilm C.aTVseries D.abeautifulpoem15.WhydoesLiWenxiucomebacktoAltay?A.Tolookafterhermother. B.Tofindherselfanewdirection.C.Tohelpthelocalpeople. D.Toenjoyitsbeautifulview.16.Theunderlinedword“unique”hastheclosestmeaningto_______.A.serious B.common C.special D.strange17.WhatisthekeytothesuccessofTotheWonderaccordingtoDirectorTeng?A.Itssincererespectfornature. B.Thebeautifulwisdomofthewriter.C.Thelifestyleofthelocalpeople. D.Itssincereconnectionwithviewers.【答案】14.C15.B16.C17.D【語篇導讀】本篇為說明文。短文主要介紹了一部電視劇《我的阿勒泰》的故事梗概及粉絲對其的評價和這部劇成功的原因。14.【答案】C【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“ArecentTVseriesTotheWonderhasbecomeChina’sbreakoutTVhitoftheyear.”可知，它是一部電視連續(xù)劇，故選C。15.【答案】B【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Lihastomovebacktoherhometownandtriestofindanewdirectionforherself.”可知，她回到阿勒泰是為了試圖給自己找個新方向，故選B。16.【答案】C【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“verydifferentfromtheusualChineseseries”可知，這部劇與通常的電視劇非常不同，因此它是獨特的，故劃線單詞表示“獨特的”，用special近義，故選C。17.【答案】D【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Butthekeytothesuccessoftheseriesliesinitsabilitytoconnectwiththeviewersonahumanlevel,”可知，這部電視劇成功的關(guān)鍵在于它能夠在人類的層面上與觀眾建立聯(lián)系，故選D。2(2024·江蘇蘇州·中考統(tǒng)考真題C篇)Chinahasbecometheworld’slargestproducerandmarketofEVs(電車).Accordingtoareport,9.58millionChinese-madeEVswereproducedand9.49millionweresoldin2023.Amongthetotalsales,1.2millionEVswereexported(出口).TheChinesegovernmenthasbeenencouragingEVsaspartofitseffortforgreen,high-qualitydevelopment.Asaresult,China’sEVindustrydevelopsveryquickly.AtAuto(汽車)China2004,BYDwastheonlycompanyshowingEVsthere.AtAutoChina2024,therewere278differentEVmodelsonshow,includingBYD,SAIC,Geely,LiAuto,Nio,Xpengandotherbrands(品牌).China’sEVindustryisnowfacingbothchallengesandchances.It’sreportedthat71%ofEVbrandscutpricesin2023.EVmakerswithouttheabilityofinnovation(創(chuàng)新)willfacegrowingrisks.Inordertobebothgreenandsmart,ChineseEVmakersaretryinghardtoimprovetechnologieslikebatteryqualitiesandAIsupport.Atthesametime,thegovernmentisaddingevenmorechargingpoints(充電站).Ontheotherhand,moreChinesepeopleareawareoftheenvironmentalproblems.ItisencouragingmorebuyerstochooseEVs.EVsarethewayofthefuture.Inanidealworld,everyonebenefitsfrominnovationandgreentransport.Somemightgettheresoonerthanothers,andwillgaingreaterrewards.ItisverylikelythatChinawillholdthelead.18.HowmanyChinese-madeEVsweresoldinChinain2023?A.8.38million. B.9.49million. C.9.58million. D.8.29million.19.WhatisthepurposeofParagraph2?A.TointroducedifferentEVbrandsinChina. B.TogivesomeinformationaboutAutoChina.C.ToshowthedevelopmentofChina’sEVindustry. D.ToadvisepeopletobuyChinese-madeEVs.20.EVmakerscanmostprobablyreducegrowingrisksby______.A.improvinginnovationability B.winningthegovernment’ssupportC.addingmorechargingpoints D.dealingwithenvironmentalproblems21.What’sthewriter’sattitude(態(tài)度)towardsthefutureofChina’sEVindustry?A.Uncertain. B.Hopeful. C.Doubtful. D.Worried.【答案】18.D19.C20.A21.B【語篇導讀】本文是一篇說明文。短文介紹了中國在電動汽車行業(yè)的發(fā)展以及面臨的機遇和挑戰(zhàn)。18.【答案】D【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Accordingtoareport,9.58millionChinese-madeEVswereproducedand9.49millionweresoldin2023.Amongthetotalsales,1.2millionEVswereexported(出口).”可知，2023年中國制造的電動汽車銷量為949萬輛，其中包括出口120萬輛，故在國內(nèi)銷售了829萬輛，故選D。19.【答案】C【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)“AtAuto(汽車)China2004,BYDwastheonlycompanyshowingEVsthere.AtAutoChina2024,therewere278differentEVmodelsonshow”可知，2004年的汽車展上只有一家展示電動汽車的品牌，但是到了2024年有了多家品牌，文章第二段的內(nèi)容表明了中國電車行業(yè)的發(fā)展，故選C。20.【答案】A【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“EVmakerswithouttheabilityofinnovation(創(chuàng)新)willfacegrowingrisks”可知，沒有創(chuàng)新能力的電動汽車制造商將面臨越來越大的風險，故可知電動汽車制造商可以通過提高創(chuàng)新能力來降低風險，故選A。21.【答案】B【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“EVsarethewayofthefuture…ItisverylikelythatChinawillholdthelead.”可知，作者認為電動汽車行業(yè)大有可為，且中國在未來會居于領(lǐng)先地位，故可知作者對中國電動汽車行業(yè)的未來是充滿希望的，故選B。3(2024·江蘇無錫·中考統(tǒng)考真題D篇)AtheoryofemotionTwoscientistscalledStanleySchachterandJeromeSingerdevelopedthetwo-factortheoryofemotionin1962.Theysaidthatemotionsareformedintwoparts.First,thebodyhasaphysicalresponsetoathreatandthenthemindconsidersthephysicalresponseasanemotion,whichisthenfeltbytheperson.Forexample,imagineyouarewalkingthroughaforestandyouseeabear.Seeingitwouldprobablystartaphysicalresponse,suchasyourheartbeatingveryfastandsweatbreakingout.Yourmindthendecidesthatthisisfear,whichyoufeelasanemotion.Anewstudyhassuggestedthatthekeytoreducingfeelingsofangerisnotventing(lettingtheangryemotionsout)butdoingcalmingactivitiessuchasyogaormeditation.ThestudywaspublishedinMarchbySophieKjaervikandBradBushmanfromOhioStateUniversityintheUS.Theywantedtoexplorethepopulartheorythatventing(expressing)angerisagoodwayofreducingit.Examplesofventingangerincludeshoutingorhittingsomethinglikeacushion,sothatyouletgooftheemotionandthereforedon’tfeelitanymore.Thepairlookedat154otherstudiesonanger.Theseinvolved10,189people,andincludedavarietyofagesandbackgrounds.Intheirstudy,KjaervikandBushmandefineangeras“anemotionalresponse(反應(yīng))toarealorimaginedthreat(威脅)”.Theyusedatheoryofemotion(情緒假說)thatsaysemotionsarepartlyfeltinyourbodyandpartlyinyourmind.Thescientistslookedattheotherstudiestoseehowdifferentactivitiesinfluencedanger.Theyfoundthatactivitiessuchasrunningorboxing—whichareoftenthoughttobegoodfordealingwithanger—weren’tverygoodatreducingit.Infact,someoftheseactivitiesactuallymadeitworsebecausetheyincreasedphysicalresponsesinthebodythatarelinkedtofeelingangry.Forexample,theymadepeople’sheartsbeatfaster.However,activitiesthatdecreasedphysicalresponsesinthebodydidhelptoreducefeelingsofanger.Theseincludedactivitiesthatslowtheheartrate,suchasdeepbreathing,meditationandyoga.Bushmansaysactivitiesthatincreasephysicalresponsesmaybegoodforhearthealthbutare“definitelynotthebestwaytoreduceanger”.Theteamfoundjoggingwasmostlikelytoincreaseanger.However,someheart-rateincreasingactivities—likeballgamesandteamsports—couldreduceanger.34.Whatisthemainfindingofthenewstudy?A.Anewmethodofventinganger. B.Anewmethodofreducinganger.C.Goodactivitiestoventanger. D.Goodactivitiestoreduceanger.35.Whatcanwelearnaboutcalmingactivities?A.Theycanreducefeelingsofanger. B.Theycanincreasetheheartrate.C.Theyaregoodformindhealth. D.Theyaregoodforhearthealth.36.AccordingtoSchachterandSinger’stheory,whathappensfirstifyouseeasnakeandfeelafraid?A.Yougetthefeelingoffear. B.Yougetthefeelingofcalm.C.Yourheartbeatsfast. D.Yourheartbeatsslowly.37.Thefollowingsentencecanbestbeputattheendof________.Theythinkthisshowsthatfunorplayfulactivitieshelptoreducenegativefeelings.A.Paragraph1 B.Paragraph2 C.Paragraph3 D.Paragraph4【答案】34.D35.A36.C37.D【語篇導讀】本文是一篇說明文。短文主要介紹了關(guān)于情緒的兩因素理論，以及一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，即減少憤怒感覺的關(guān)鍵不是發(fā)泄，而是做一些如瑜伽或冥想等平靜的活動。34.【答案】D【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Anewstudyhassuggestedthatthekeytoreducingfeelingsofangerisnotventing(lettingtheangryemotionsout)butdoingcalmingactivitiessuchasyogaormeditation.”可知，新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，減少憤怒感覺的關(guān)鍵不是發(fā)泄，而是做一些如瑜伽或冥想等平靜的活動，故這項新的研究主要發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些可以減少憤怒的好的活動，故選D。35.【答案】A【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“However,activitiesthatdecreasedphysicalresponsesinthebodydidhelptoreducefeelingsofanger.Theseincludedactivitiesthatslowtheheartrate,suchasdeepbreathing,meditationandyoga.”可知，那些能夠減少身體反應(yīng)的活動，即深呼吸、冥想和瑜伽等平靜的活動有助于減少憤怒感覺，故選A。36.【答案】C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Forexample,imagineyouarewalkingthroughaforestandyouseeabear.Seeingitwouldprobablystartaphysicalresponse,suchasyourheartbeatingveryfastandsweatbreakingout.”可知，文章指出，當我們看到一只熊時，我們的身體可能會做出反應(yīng)，比如心跳得很快，出汗。故可知當我們看到一條蛇并感到害怕時，我們心跳也會加快，故選C。37.【答案】D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“However,someheart-rateincreasingactivities—likeballgamesandteamsports—couldreduceanger.”可知，團隊發(fā)現(xiàn)一些增加心率的活動，如球類運動和團隊運動，可能會減少憤怒。這表明有趣的活動有助于減少負面情緒。故這句話可以放在第四自然段的結(jié)尾，故選D。4(2024·江蘇揚州·中考統(tǒng)考真題C篇)Chineseculturehasgreatattractionforpeoplebothathomeandabroad.WehaveseenmanypeoplefromaroundtheworldexpresstheirloveforChinesecultureindifferentforms.AgrowingnumberofforeignershaveevenchosentoliveinChinaforitsculture.InterestedinChineseclassicalliterature,CanadianartistBrandonCollins-GreenorLinBuraninChineseexpresseshisunderstandingofADreamoftheRedChamberbyCaoXueqinandChinesepoemsthroughthousandsofpaintings.Oftenpaintingthroughoutthenight,hehascreatedmorethan4,200works.LivingaloneinthecenterofNanchang,hehascomealongwaysincehefirstcameherein2015tostudyancientChineseliterature.BrandonloveslearningaboutthelifestyleofancientChinesepeople.“Sofar,Ihavereadthenovelthreetimes,translatedmostofitspoems,songs,lanternriddles(謎語),anddialoguesintoEnglish,andcompletedover1millionwordsofarticlesand2,000relatedpaintingsduringmyPhDstudies,”saidBrandonwithprideandsatisfaction.TimurKuvatov,director-generalandeditor-in-chiefoftheKazakhstanTodayNewsAgency,isaChinesekungfufan.HehaswonkungfuchampionshipsalotoftimesandalsoservedasacoachfortheKazakhstankungfuteam.“ChinesekungfuisatreasureofChineseculture.ItisnotjustasportbutalsoreflectstheChinesewayofdealingwithpeople,theirunderstandingoflife,nature,andtheworld,”hesaid.VincentCazeneuve,knownasWensenQiinChinese,isaFrenchartistdevotedtolacquer(漆器)creation.HecametoliveinChongqingin2009.HisworkshavebeenshowninartinstitutionsbothinandoutsideofChina,andhisfanshaveevencollectedsomeofthem.WhatisthecharmofChineseculturethatattractsthesepeople?Itliesinitsrichnessandopenness.Alsoitsculturalbackgrounddifferencesmakeforeignerscuriousaboutthelifestyles,wayofthinking,andvaluesofthecountry.38.WhathasBrandondonetoexpresshisloveforChineseculture?A.HehascreatedmanyfamousChinesepoems.B.HehasdecidedtomovetoChinawithhisfriends.C.HehaswrittenthousandsofChineselanternriddles.D.HehastranslatedpartofCaoXueqin’snovelintoEnglish.39.AstoChineseculture,whatisTimurKuvatovinterestedin?A.Kungfu. B.Paintings. C.Literature. D.Lacquercreation.40.WhatdoesthewriterexpressthroughthestoriesofBrandon,TimurandVincent?A.Chinesenamesaremoreattractivetoforeigners.B.TheinfluenceofChineseartprovesgreaterabroad.C.Chinesecultureisgettingpopulararoundtheworld.D.Chinaisanidealcountryforpeoplefromabroadtolive.41.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.NewlookoftraditionalChineseculture B.CharmofChinesecultureinforeigners’eyesC.DevelopmentofChinesecultureintheWest D.CulturedifferencesbetweentheEastandWest【答案】38.D39.A40.C41.B【語篇導讀】本篇為說明文。短文主要介紹了現(xiàn)在越來越多的外國人對中國文化感興趣。38.【答案】D【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Ihavereadthenovelthreetimes,translatedmostofitspoems,songs,lanternriddles(謎語),anddialoguesintoEnglish”可知他把曹雪芹的《紅樓夢》中的大部分詩歌、歌曲、燈謎和對話翻譯成了英語，故選D。39.【答案】A【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“TimurKuvatov,director-generalandeditor-in-chiefoftheKazakhstanTodayNewsAgency,isaChinesekungfufan”可知他對中國功夫感興趣，故選A。40.【答案】C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“WehaveseenmanypeoplefromaroundtheworldexpresstheirloveforChinesecultureindifferentforms”以及“WhatisthecharmofChineseculturethatattractsthesepeople?”并結(jié)合文章內(nèi)容可知作者描述了這三個人對中國文化的喜愛，說明中國文化現(xiàn)在變得越來越受歡迎，故選C。41.【答案】B【解析】主旨大意題(最佳標題)。本文主要介紹了現(xiàn)在越來越多的外國人對中國文化感興趣，以選項B“外國人眼中的中國文化魅力”為標題最合適，故選B。5(2024·江蘇揚州·中考統(tǒng)考真題D篇)Thinkabouthowmuchtimeyouspentoutsidelastweek.Really“outside.”Walkingfromthecarintothemalldoesn’tcount.Nowthinkabouthowmuchtimeyouspentindoors—ontheInternetorplayingvideogamesorwatchingTV.Youmaysay,“IplayinsidemorethanoutsideandIliketoplaygamesonthecomputer.”Ifso,it’slikelythatyouspentmoretimeinsidefourwallsthanoutsideinfreshair.Kidstodayspendtwofewerhoursperweekonsportsandoutdooractivitiesthankidsdid20yearsago.That’saccordingtoaUniversityofMichiganstudy.Non-movingactivitiesaremorepopular.Thecosts“includeoverweight,greaterstress,higherratesofphysicalandemotionalillnessandlessjoy…,”saysRichardLouv,writerofLastChildintheWoods:SavingOurChildrenfromNature-DeficitDisorder.Playisimportant,evenforadults.Outdooractivitybettersyoursenses.Thenexttimeyousitdowntomessageyourfriends,takenoteofyoursensesduringandafteryourtexting.Thendothesameexperimentafteryou’vedonesomethingoutside.Youwillfindbeingoutdoorsbringsthesensestolife.“Hiking,exploring,andfishinghelphoneallofyoursenses,”saysBetsyKeller.She’saprofessorofexerciseandsportssciencesatIthacaCollegeinNewYork.“Smell,sight...allofyoursensesareinusewhenyou’reoutside.”O(jiān)utdoorplayfreesyourmind.Areyoustressedout?Havingtroubledevotingyourmindtowhatyou’redoing?Toomuchtimeindoors—awayfromthenaturalworld—maybeacause.Louvusesatermtodescribethesetofproblemscausedbytoomuchtimeindoors:naturedeficitdisorder.Hesays,“Iuseittodescribethepricewepayforbeingsoseparatedfromnature.”Spendingtimeoutdoorsbringsyouclosertotheenvironment.Whenyou’reout,breatheinfreshair,heartheleavescrackleunderfootandsearchcoolbirdsandplantsinthewoods.Itcanhelpyoufeelmoreconnectedtothenaturalworld.Nowoodsnearby?Naturecanbefoundrightoutsideyourbackdoororinyourlocalpark.Sothenexttimeyousitdowntospendqualitytimewithavideogame,considertreatingyourselftoalittleoutdoorplayinstead.42.Howdoesthewriterfirstintroducethetopicofoutdoorplay?A.Bypresentingtheresultsofarecentstudy.B.Byintroducingdifferentkindsofoutdoorplay.C.Byinvitingthereadertothinkabouthisorherowncase.D.Bytellingthereaderoutdoorplayisgoodforbodyandmind.43.WhichsentenceshouldgointheemptyboxinParagraph5?A.Outdoorplayhelpsformrelationships. B.Justgettingoutdoorsdoeswonders.C.Naturecanremindusoflifebeyondourworries. D.Theoutdoorsisthebestplacetopractisephysicalskills.44.Whichwordisclosesttothemeaningof“hone”inParagraph6?A.improve B.limit C.produce D.organize45.Whichofthefollowingisagoodwaytoenjoyoutdoorplay?A.Walkingfromyourcarintothemall.B.SpendingyourqualitytimewithTVdramaseries.C.Playingavideogameofmakingsandcastlesbythebeach.D.Watchinginyourlocalparkhowfastthecloudsaremoving.【答案】42.C43.B44.A45.D【語篇導讀】本篇為說明文。短文主要介紹了戶外運動的好處。42.【答案】C【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Thinkabouthowmuchtimeyouspentoutsidelastweek”可知作者通過讓讀者思考自己在戶外待了多長時間來引出話題，故選C。43.【答案】B【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Playisimportant,evenforadults”以及“Outdooractivitybettersyoursenses.”并結(jié)合下文內(nèi)容可知玩很重要，所以此處引出戶外運動的好處，選項B“只是到戶外就有神奇的效果”符合語境，故選B。44.【答案】A【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“Youwillfindbeingoutdoorsbringsthesensestolife.‘Hiking,exploring,andfishinghelphoneallofyoursenses’”可知戶外活動給生活帶來了感官，徒步旅行、探險和釣魚有助于磨練你的所有感官，故此處劃線部分和improve意義相近，故選A。45.【答案】D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Naturecanbefoundrightoutsideyourbackdoororinyourlocalpark.”可知大自然就在你的后門外或你當?shù)氐墓珗@里，所以在你當?shù)氐墓珗@里觀察云朵移動的速度有多快，這是享受戶外運動的好方式，故選D。6(2024·江蘇連云港·中考統(tǒng)考真題C篇)Ifyougrewupinanunusualfamilyandfeltlimitedbyheavythoughts,howwouldyouchangeyourlifestory?InthebookEducated,theUSwriterTaraWestovershowsushowshedealswithhardtimes.ThebooktalksaboutWestover’slife.Herfatherhadajunkyard(廢品場)inIdaho,US.It’saverysmallmountainvillage.Taraandherbrothersandsistersworkedeveryday.Beforesheturned17,shehadnevertraveledoutside.Noneofthekidsinherfamilyhadeverbeentoaschoolorahospital.Asshegotolder,shefeltthatsheneededtogetawayfromthisuncomfortablesituation.Luckily,Westover’solderbrothertaughthertoread.Withhardwork,Westoverwenttocollegeonascholarship,andlatergotaPhD(博士學位)inHistoryatCambridgeUniversity.Educationchangedher,herlife,herwayofthinkingandevenherluck.Afterreadingthebook,Icometofeelthedeepestthanksformyownfamily,andtheeducationIgot.EducationallowsgirlslikeWestovertoflylikebirdstowardtheirowngoals.Itallowsustogetadifferentview,findnewexperiences,betterunderstandothersandexplorethewiderworld.Iwishforallofustobelikefreeandpowerfulbirds,growingandchangingthroughchallengesanddifficulties.33.What’sthewritingpurposeofparagraph1?A.Toattractreaders’interest. B.TocollectWestover’sopinion.C.Toshowhowtodealwithhardtimes. D.Toexplainhowtochangeone’slifestory.34.WhatcanwelearnaboutWestover’slifefromparagraph2?A.HerbrothergotaPhDinHistory. B.Shechangedherlifewithhardwork.C.Herlifeinthevillagewascomfortable. D.Sheleftthesmallvillageinchildhood.35.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Directionsofbirds’flying. B.Thewaysofthinking.C.Experiencesofgirls’growing. D.Thepowerofeducation.36.Whatisthetext?A.Anewsreport. B.Abookreview. C.Asciencefiction. D.Areadingplan.【答案】33.A34.B35.D36.B【語篇導讀】本篇為說明文。短文主要講述了美國作家TaraWestover在她的書中展示了她是如何應(yīng)對困難的，并介紹了作者讀完這本書之后的感想。33.【答案】A【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Ifyougrewupinanunusualfamilyandfeltlimitedbyheavythoughts,howwouldyouchangeyourlifestory?InthebookEducated,theUSwriterTaraWestovershowsushowshedealswithhardtimes.”可知第一段引出了本文的話題，故第一段的目的是吸引讀者的興趣，故選A。34.【答案】B【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Withhardwork,Westoverwenttocollegeonascholarship,andlatergotaPhD(博士學位)inHistoryatCambridgeUniversity”可知通過努力學習，Westover獲得獎學金上了大學，后來在劍橋大學獲得了歷史博士學位，所以她通過努力改變了自己的生活，故選B。35.【答案】D【解析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)“Educationchangedher,herlife,herwayofthinkingandevenherluck...”可知最后一段主要介紹了教育的力量，故選D。36.【答案】B【解析】推理判斷題。本文主要介紹了美國作家TaraWestover在她的書中展示了她是如何應(yīng)對困難的，并介紹了作者讀完這本書之后的感想，故本文是一個書評，故選B。7(2024·江蘇連云港·中考統(tǒng)考真題D篇)Asweknow,eatingvegetablesisgoodforus.Whydosomepeoplelikethembutothersdon’t?Anewstudyhasfoundthatotherpeople’slikesanddislikescouldbeareason.Accordingtotheresearch,peoplewhoeatvegetablesandshowacleardislikeforthemcaninfluenceothers.Peoplemaymakefacialexpressions(面部表情)wheneating.Howdoesitaffectapersonwatchingthem?AteamofscientistsintheUKdidastudy.Theyaskedmorethan200youngwomentowatchvideosofotheradultseatingbroccoli(西蘭花).Thepeopleinthevideoshaddifferentexpressionswhileeating.Theywouldsmile,seemneutral(neitherhappynorsad),orlookdisgusted.Thestudyfoundthatwhenpeopleinthevideoslookdisgustedwhileeatingbroccoli,peoplewatchingthembegantolikebroccoliless.Theoppositewasnottrue,however.Whensomeonehadasmilewhileeatingbroccoli,peoplewatchingthemdidnotlikebroccolimore.Bywatchingothers,humanslearnwhichbehaviorswillbegoodforthem.Scientistsbelievethatpeoplemightavoidfoodthatlooksterrible.Inthisway,peoplecanprotectthemselvesfromeatingsomethingbadordangerous.Theresearchfocusedonlyonadults,buttheteambelievethattheresultscouldalsoworkforchildren.Thismeans,ifchildrenseetheirparentsnotenjoyingcertainfoods,includingvegetables,theymightnotwanttoeatthemeither.Howdoesthebehaviorofadultsinfluencechildren’schoicesoffood?Theteamsaidtheyhopetounderstandmoreaboutit.Thiscouldhelpfindwaystoencouragechildrentoeatmorehealthyfoods.37.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“disgusted”inparagraph2mean?A.Excited. B.Amazed. C.Unhappy. D.Untidy.38.What’stheresultofthestudy?A.Peoplemaypreferthefoodotherslike. B.Childrendislikeeatingcertainvegetables.C.Youngwomenareeasilyaffectedbyothers. D.Peoplemaynotchoosethefoodothersdislike.39.Theteammaydofurtherstudyon_________.A.thesafetyofchildren’sfood B.thewishtounderstandchildrenC.theinfluencesofparents’behavior D.thewaystoproducehealthyfoods40.Whatisthebesttitleofthetext?A.Videosaffectchoicesoffood B.StudiesonvegetableshelpalotC.Expressionspreventpossibledangers D.Opinionsonvegetablesinfluenceothers【答案】37.C38.D39.C40.D【語篇導讀】本文是一篇說明文。短文主要介紹了吃蔬菜并表現(xiàn)出不喜歡蔬菜的人會對別人造成影響，由此可以幫助專家找到鼓勵年輕人多吃對他們健康有益的食物的方法。37.【答案】C【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“Theywouldsmile,seemneutral(neitherhappynorsad),orlookdisgusted.”可知他們會微笑，看起來很中立(既不高興也不悲傷)，或者看起來很厭惡，故此處劃線部分和unhappy意義相近，故選C。38.【答案】D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Thestudyfoundthatwhenpeopleinthevideoslookdisgustedwhileeatingbroccoli,peoplewatchingthembegantolikebroccoliless”可知研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，當視頻中的人在吃西蘭花時看起來很惡心時，觀看視頻的人開始不喜歡西蘭花，即人們可能不會選擇別人不喜歡的食物，故選D。39.【答案】C【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Howdoesthebehaviorofadultsinfluencechildren’schoicesoffood?Theteamsaidtheyhopetounderstandmoreaboutit”可知成年人的行為如何影響兒童對食物的選擇，該團隊表示，他們希望了解更多，所以會繼續(xù)研究父母行為的影響，故選C。40.【答案】D【解析】主旨大意題(最佳標題)。本文主要介紹了吃蔬菜并表現(xiàn)出不喜歡蔬菜的人會對別人造成影響，由此可以幫助專家找到鼓勵年輕人多吃對他們健康有益的食物的方法，以選項D“對蔬菜的看法影響他人”為標題最合適，故選D。8(2023·江蘇蘇州·中考統(tǒng)考真題B篇)Confucianism(儒家思想)hasbeenfollowedbyChinesepeopleformorethantwothousandyears.Tohelppeopleunderstandhowtobehavetowardsothers,ConfucianismteachestheFiveConstants(五常).Theseareren,yi,li,zhiandxin.Theyaregeneralvirtues(美德)aroundtheworld.Themostimportanttwoarerenandli.Renisthefeelingofcareandloveweshouldhaveforothers.Confuciusexplainedrencouldbestbeunderstoodaslovingothers.Heisfamousforteachingpeople“Whatyoudonotwantdonetoyourself,donotdotoothers”.ItisquitesimilartowhatisknownintheWestastheGoldenRule(treatothersasyouwishtobetreated).Whilethemeaningofreniseasytounderstand,liisalittlehardertoexpress.Itcanbethoughtofasdutyorevenrespect.Generally,liisthewayweshouldconnectwithpeopleinoureverydaylife.InConfucianwritings,discussionsaboutliincludetheproperwaytodrinkteaandhowtorememberancestors(祖先).Whilerenismostlyaboutouropinionsandfeelings,liisabouthowweexpressouropinionsandfeelingstowardsothersandtowardstheworldaroundus.Perhapsthemostwell-knownConfucianvirtueisxiao.Thisisthedutychildrenhavetotheirparents.Xiaomeansloving,respecting,obeyingandtakingcareofone’sparentsintheiroldage.InConfucianism,xiaoisimportantforaharmonious(和諧的)society:Withoutit,thewholeworldwouldfallintoamess.14.WhicharethemostimportantoftheFiveConstants?A.Renandyi. B.Renandli. C.Liandxin. D.Yiandzhi.15.WhatisthebestChinesefortheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph3?A.博學于文，約之以禮。 B.學而不思則罔，思而不學則殆。C.己所不欲，勿施于人。 D.君子和而不同，小人同而不和。16.Whichofthefollowingisanexampleofli?A.Buildingapeacefulsociety. B.Takingcareofone’schildren.C.Obeyingrulesfordrinkingtea. D.Learningallthroughone’slife.17.WhatdoesthepassagemainlytellusaboutConfucianism?A.Itsgeneralvirtues. B.Itslonghistory. C.Itsnewchallenges. D.Itsgoldenrules.【答案】14.B15.C16.C17.A【語篇導讀】本篇為說明文。短文主要介紹了儒家思想中的傳統(tǒng)美德。14.【答案】B【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Themostimportanttwoarerenandli.”可知最重要的是仁和禮，故選B。15.【答案】C【解析】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)“ItisquitesimilartowhatisknownintheWestastheGoldenRule(treatothersasyouwishtobetreated)”可知，劃線句子“Whatyoudonotwantdonetoyourself,donotdotoothers”和“按照你希望被對待的方式對待他人”意義相近，即己所不欲勿施于人，故選C。16.【答案】C【解析】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“discussionsaboutliincludetheproperwaytodrinkteaandhowtorememberancestors”可知關(guān)于禮的討論包括正確的喝茶方式和如何緬懷祖先，故選C。17.【答案】A【解析】主旨大意題。本文主要介紹了儒家思想的傳統(tǒng)美德，故選A。9(2023·江蘇蘇州·中考統(tǒng)考真題C篇)Teenagersneedeighttotenhoursofsleeppernight.However,inadolescence(青春期)changestothebody’ssleepcyclemakeitdifficultforteenstofallasleepearly.Manycannotfallasleepuntil10:30p.m.orevenlaterandmostofthemwillfeelsleepyiftheyhavetogetuptooearly.Scientistsrecommendthatbothmiddleandhighschoolsbeginnoearlierthan8:30a.m.Laterschoolstarttimessupportthenaturalneedsofteenagersandincreasetheirsleepingtime.Herearesomeotherbenefitsoflaterschoolstarttimes:MoretimeforahealthybreakfastWhenrunninglateinthemornings,studentsarelikelytogowithoutbreakfast.Withanemptystomach,onefindsitdifficulttofocus(集中)inclass.Whentheyarealwaysinahurry,studentsmayformunhealthyeatinghabits.Withextratimebeforegoingtoschool,studentscaneatawell-balancedbreakfastandfocusmoreonlearning.Fewerbehavioral(行為的)problemsTeensexperiencemoodchangesasa