決戰(zhàn)閱讀之說明文-新聞事件類 精講課件（入門篇）

(高中說明文)新聞事件決戰(zhàn)閱讀之巔

培養(yǎng)快速理清篇章結(jié)構(gòu)，抓取文章大意的能力。運用說明文體裁分析，規(guī)范閱讀理解的解題步驟。學(xué)會使用“脫衣服”大法分析長難句。積累與新聞事件類說明文相關(guān)的主題詞匯。Ready?Go!說明文體裁分析Part1課標解讀事理說明事物說明說明文分類歷年數(shù)據(jù)年份省份篇章內(nèi)容2021年新高考I卷D篇闡述了情商的定義以及對有關(guān)于情商未來研究的期望全國甲卷B篇介紹了在PortLympne保護區(qū)的部分黑犀牛現(xiàn)狀全國乙卷C篇介紹藝術(shù)家BenjaminVonWong用塑料垃圾制作的塑料雕塑，呼吁人類審視和一次性塑料的關(guān)系D篇針對開放性辦公室，一項研究調(diào)研多少分貝的噪音最有利于人們的創(chuàng)造性思維的發(fā)展新高考II卷D篇介紹一種正在開發(fā)中的，可以用于監(jiān)測放牧牛健康狀況的機器人天津卷D篇闡述了藝術(shù)這一活動對人類的重要意義浙江卷C篇一項研究表明狗能夠識別人類的面部表情北京卷C篇通過百位科學(xué)家、作家和學(xué)者的公開信，闡述了全球崩塌（globalcollapse）的相關(guān)內(nèi)容歷年數(shù)據(jù)年份省份篇章內(nèi)容2020年全國I卷B篇闡述了重新閱讀的意義和益處，鼓勵大家重新閱讀D篇介紹了麻省理工學(xué)院的工程師開發(fā)出的一種發(fā)光植物全國II卷B篇研究表明孩子們玩智力游戲有助于發(fā)展包括空間技能等多項能力C篇介紹了美國新奧良和布魯克林舉辦的不同尋常的時裝秀中展出海貍鼠制成的皮衣全國III卷D篇通過引用最近的基因發(fā)現(xiàn)，闡述人類的進化不僅僅發(fā)生在數(shù)十億年前，也發(fā)生在最近的幾千年間北京卷B篇介紹世界上第一條佩戴污染檢測器記錄地面附近的污染物水平的狗江蘇卷B篇講述了一度停用的電話亭在英國重新流行起來C篇研究表明對于那些能忍受的人來說，不吃早餐鍛煉可能對健康更有益年份省份篇章內(nèi)容2020年天津卷（5月）C篇HarbourAir航空公司研發(fā)電動飛機天津卷(

7月)C篇介紹了聲音技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的3種全新應(yīng)用浙江卷C篇《神經(jīng)病學(xué)》雜志發(fā)布一則研究顯示，做挑戰(zhàn)性的工作，有可能幫助衰老人群保持大腦的敏銳成都診斷模擬題科學(xué)家的研究表明2歲及其以前的幼年記憶并不可信高密模擬模擬題一項研究表明定期打網(wǎng)球有助于延長壽命2019年全國卷IC篇介紹了一種新的防止個人身份和數(shù)據(jù)在電子空間被盜的高科技智能鍵盤D篇主要講述了受歡迎度對青少年的影響歷年數(shù)據(jù)年份省份篇章內(nèi)容2019年全國卷IIC篇分析美國越來越多的人喜歡獨自進餐的社會現(xiàn)象D篇介紹了美國國家航空航天局為了把航天技術(shù)和學(xué)校教育結(jié)合起來，而針對高中生實施的HUNCH計劃。全國卷IIID篇一位哈佛醫(yī)學(xué)院的科學(xué)家領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究團隊發(fā)現(xiàn)猴子能進行基本的加法計算。北京卷D篇解說由于氣候變暖，世界海洋將會變得更藍、更綠的現(xiàn)象。浙江卷C篇解說并分析加利福尼亞州從90年代以來大樹不斷消失的現(xiàn)象和背后的重要原因2018年全國卷IB篇介紹了一檔英國電視節(jié)目，給觀眾介紹如何減少食物浪費以及如何以較少的預(yù)算做出美味佳肴C篇講述了隨著社會的發(fā)展人類語言越來越少的現(xiàn)象及其原因D篇紐約羅徹斯特理工學(xué)院的研究表明，新電子設(shè)備的環(huán)境能耗比舊設(shè)備更低，是更經(jīng)濟環(huán)保的選擇歷年數(shù)據(jù)年份省份篇章內(nèi)容2018年全國卷IIB篇介紹了7月份各種營養(yǎng)豐富，并包含對人體有益的微量元素的熱帶水果北京卷C篇介紹了一種吃塑料，并能用胃里的酶降解塑料的蟲子大蠟螟天津卷C篇介紹了3D打印技術(shù)在食物的應(yīng)用上取得的進展和遇到的挑戰(zhàn)2017年全國卷IIC篇Terrafugia公司研制出飛行汽車并成功進行了第一次飛行D篇介紹了植物在受到昆蟲的攻擊時是如何進行自我保護的,北京卷C篇已經(jīng)被疫苗消滅的麻疹近日有回歸的趨勢全國卷ID篇介紹了一種自己可以親手制作簡易太陽能蒸餾器的方法2014年全國卷ID篇為了拯救因為瀕臨滅絕的小眾語言，語言學(xué)家展開了記錄拯救工作歷年數(shù)據(jù)123說明對象事物說明事理說明語篇結(jié)構(gòu)說明順序說明方法一般-特殊型問題-解決型匹配-比較型時間空間邏輯舉例、比較、分類、引用、數(shù)字、定義、表格、圖示…12341事物事理名師指路說明文往往為了說清楚某個事物或事理是什么、為什么、怎么樣，因此通常在標題或首段直接指出說明對象。說明文圍繞所說事物/事理，采用多種說明方法客觀闡明，因而高頻詞會反復(fù)出現(xiàn)，閱讀過程中把握高頻詞也能準確找出說明對象，提取核心信息。2021年全國乙卷C①

You’veheardthatplasticispollutingtheoceans—between4.8and12.7milliontonnesenteroceanecosystemseveryyear.Butdoesoneplasticstraworcupreallymakeadifference?ArtistBenjaminVonWongwantsyoutoknowthatitdoes.Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.②

Atthebeginningoftheyear,theartistbuiltapiececalled“Strawpocalypse,”apairof10-foot-tallplasticwaves,frozenmid-crash.Madeof168,000plasticstrawscollectedfromseveralvolunteerbeachcleanups,thesculpturemadeitsfirstappearanceattheEstellaPlaceshoppingcenterinHoChiMinhCity,Vietnam.看文章標題；尋找首段中心句看文章標題；尋找首段中心句事理說明文本文介紹了藝術(shù)家BenjaminVonWong用塑料垃圾制作雕塑作品的事件①

Whenyouweretryingtofigureoutwhattobuyfortheenvironmentalistonyourholidaylist,furprobablydidn’tcrossyourmind.Butsomeecologistsandfashion(時裝)

enthusiastsaretryingtobringbackthemarketforfurmadefromnutria(海貍鼠).②

UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhaveshowcasednutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferentstyles.“Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt-freefur-unlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear”,saysCreeMcCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.③ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail.SomeofthefurendsupinthefashionshowsliketheoneinBrooklynlastmonth.2020全國II卷C看文章標題；尋找首段中心句看文章標題；尋找首段中心句事理說明文本文介紹了美國新奧良和布魯克林舉辦一場時裝秀，展出海貍鼠皮毛的皮衣。22021年全國乙卷C①You’veheardthatplasticispollutingtheoceans—between4.8and12.7milliontonnesenteroceanecosystemseveryyear.Butdoes

oneplasticstraworcupreallymakeadifference?ArtistBenjaminVonWongwantsyoutoknowthatitdoes.Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.②Atthebeginningoftheyear,theartistbuiltapiececalled“Strawpocalypse,”apairof10-foot-tallplasticwaves,frozenmid-crash.Madeof168,000plasticstrawscollectedfromseveralvolunteerbeachcleanups,thesculpturemadeitsfirstappearanceattheEstellaPlaceshoppingcenterinHoChiMinhCity,Vietnam.③

Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled.Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggestsource（來源）ofplasticpollution,butthey’verecentlycomeunderfirebecausemostpeopledon’tneedthemtodrinkwithand,becauseoftheirsmallsizeandweight,theycannotberecycled.Everystrawthat’spartofVonWong’sartworklikelycamefromadrinkthatsomeoneusedforonlyafewminutes.Oncethedrinkisgone,thestrawwilltakecenturiestodisappear.④Inapiecefrom2018,VonWongwantedtoillustrate（說明）aspecificstatistic:Every60seconds,atruckload’sworthofplasticenterstheocean.Forthiswork,titled“TruckloadofPlastic,”VonWongandagroupofvolunteerscollectedmorethan10,000piecesofplastic,whichwerethentiedtogethertolooklikethey’dbeendumped（傾倒）fromatruckallatonce.⑤VonWonghopesthathisworkwillalsohelppressurebigcompaniestoreducetheirplasticfootprint.說明對象說明特征創(chuàng)作原因背景信息2021年全國乙卷C2020全國II卷C①

Whenyouweretryingtofigureoutwhattobuyfortheenvironmentalistonyourholidaylist,furprobablydidn’tcrossyourmind.Butsomeecologistsandfashion(時裝)enthusiastsaretryingtobringbackthemarketforfurmadefromnutria(海貍鼠).②UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhaveshowcasednutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferentstyles.“Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt-freefur-unlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear”,saysCreeMcCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.③ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail.SomeofthefurendsupinthefashionshowsliketheoneinBrooklynlastmonth.④NutriawerebroughttherefromArgentinabyfurfarmersandletgointothewild.“Theecosystemdowntherecan’thandlethisnon-nativespecies(物種).It’sdestroyingtheenvironment.It’sthemorus.”saysMichaelMassimi,anexpertinthisfield.⑤Thefurtradekeptnutriaincheckfordecades，butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s，thecat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.⑥BiologistEdmondMoutonrunsthenutriacontrolprogramforLouisiana.Hesaysit’snoteasytoconvincepeoplethatnutriafurisgreen,buthehasnodoubtaboutit.Huntersbringinmorethan300,000nutriatailsayear,sopartofMouton’sjobthesedaysistryingtopromotefur.⑦Thenthere’sRighteousFuranditsunusualfashion.ModelPaigeMorgansays，“Togivepeopleaguilt-freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem-Ithinkthat’sgoingtobeamassivething,atleasthereinNewYork.”DesignerJenniferAndersonadmitsittookherawhiletocomearoundtotheopinionthatusingnutriafurforhercreationsismorallyacceptable.She’stryingtocomeupwithalabeltoattachtonutriafashionstoshowitiseco-friendly.說明對象說明特征背景信息公眾態(tài)度2020全國II卷CExpositionexplainssomething.Inordertomakeideasclearandunderstandabletothereader,expositionusuallyfollowstimeorder,spaceorderorlogicalorder.常見的邏輯順序有：從原因到結(jié)果，從主要到次要，從整體到部分，從概括到具體，從現(xiàn)象到本質(zhì)等。名師指路32021年全國乙卷C題目見講義①

You’veheardthatplasticispollutingtheoceans—between4.8and12.7milliontonnesenteroceanecosystemseveryyear.Butdoesoneplasticstraworcupreallymakeadifference?ArtistBenjaminVonWongwantsyoutoknowthatitdoes.Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.②Atthebeginningoftheyear,theartistbuiltapiececalled“Strawpocalypse,”apairof10-foot-tallplasticwaves,frozenmid-crash.Madeof168,000plasticstrawscollectedfromseveralvolunteerbeachcleanups,thesculpturemadeitsfirstappearanceattheEstellaPlaceshoppingcenterinHoChiMinhCity,Vietnam.2021年全國乙卷C題目見講義③

Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled.Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggestsource（來源）ofplasticpollution,butthey’verecentlycomeunderfirebecausemostpeopledon’tneedthemtodrinkwithand,becauseoftheirsmallsizeandweight,theycannotberecycled.Everystrawthat’spartofVonWong’sartworklikelycamefromadrinkthatsomeoneusedforonlyafewminutes.Oncethedrinkisgone,thestrawwilltakecenturiestodisappear.④Inapiecefrom2018,VonWongwantedtoillustrate（說明）aspecificstatistic:Every60seconds,atruckload’sworthofplasticenterstheocean.Forthiswork,titled“TruckloadofPlastic”，VonWongandagroupofvolunteerscollectedmorethan10,000piecesofplastic,whichwerethentiedtogethertolooklikethey’dbeendumped（傾倒）fromatruckallatonce.⑤VonWonghopesthathisworkwillalsohelppressurebigcompaniestoreducetheirplasticfootprint.本文是事理說明文，介紹了藝術(shù)家BenjaminVonWong用塑料垃圾雕塑作品。作者通過列數(shù)字、做詮釋等說明方法，介紹了雕塑作品的特征、創(chuàng)作背景、創(chuàng)作原因，傳達出藝術(shù)家Benjamin呼吁人們重新審視自己與一次性塑料制品的關(guān)系的理念。即說明對象：Benjaminbuiltmassivesculpturesoutofgarbagetoforcepeopletore-examinetherelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.名師指路What’sthemainideaofthispassage?總結(jié)：說明文的說明方法服務(wù)于說明對象。2020全國II卷C題目見講義①

Whenyouweretryingtofigureoutwhattobuyfortheenvironmentalistonyourholidaylist,furprobablydidn’tcrossyourmind.Butsomeecologistsandfashion(時裝)enthusiastsaretryingtobringbackthemarketforfurmadefromnutria(海貍鼠).②UnusualfashionshowsinNewOrleansandBrooklynhaveshowcasednutriafurmadeintoclothesindifferentstyles.“Itsoundscrazytotalkaboutguilt-freefur-unlessyouunderstandthatthenutriaaredestroyingvastwetlandseveryyear”,saysCreeMcCree,projectdirectorofRighteousFur.③ScientistsinLouisianaweresoconcernedthattheydecidedtopayhunters$5atail.SomeofthefurendsupinthefashionshowsliketheoneinBrooklynlastmonth.④NutriawerebroughttherefromArgentinabyfurfarmersandletgointothewild.“Theecosystemdowntherecan’thandlethisnon-nativespecies(物種).It’sdestroyingtheenvironment.It’sthemorus.”saysMichaelMassimi,anexpertinthisfield.2020全國II卷C題目見講義⑤Thefurtradekeptnutriaincheckfordecades,

butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsedinthelate1980s,

thecat-sizedanimalsmultipliedlikecrazy.⑥BiologistEdmondMoutonrunsthenutriacontrolprogramforLouisiana.Hesaysit’snoteasytoconvincepeoplethatnutriafurisgreen,buthehasnodoubtaboutit.Huntersbringinmorethan300,000nutriatailsayear,sopartofMouton’sjobthesedaysistryingtopromotefur.⑦Thenthere’sRighteousFuranditsunusualfashion.ModelPaigeMorgansays,

“Togivepeopleaguilt-freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem-Ithinkthat’sgoingtobeamassivething,atleasthereinNewYork.”DesignerJenniferAndersonadmitsittookherawhiletocomearoundtotheopinionthatusingnutriafurforhercreationsismorallyacceptable.She’stryingtocomeupwithalabeltoattachtonutriafashionstoshowitiseco-friendly.本文是事理說明文，介紹了美國新奧良和布魯克林舉辦了不同尋常的時裝秀，展出海貍鼠制成的皮衣。作者通過列數(shù)字、引資料、作比較等說明方法，介紹了這場特殊的時裝秀的特征、舉辦的背景信息和公眾的態(tài)度。說明對象：Tobringbackthemarketforfurmadefromnutriaand,someecologistsandfashionenthusiastsheldanunusualfashionshow.為了闡述這個“一般”（general)的論述，用了多個“特殊“（particular)的細節(jié)進行說明，補充了事件的前因后果等信息。名師指路What’sthemainideaofthispassage?總結(jié)：事理類說明文的說明對象通常也是主旨句，呈現(xiàn)文章的主旨。真題講解示例12021年全國乙卷CPART2123VideotimeWhatdoyouseeinthevideo?①You’veheardthatplasticispollutingtheoceans—between4.8and12.7milliontonnesenteroceanecosystemseveryyear.Butdoesoneplasticstraworcupreallymakeadifference?ArtistBenjaminVonWongwantsyoutoknowthatitdoes.Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.②Atthebeginningoftheyear,theartistbuiltapiececalled“Strawpocalypse,”apairof10-foot-tallplasticwaves,frozenmid-crash.Madeof168,000plasticstrawscollectedfromseveralvolunteerbeachcleanups,thesculpturemadeitsfirstappearanceattheEstellaPlaceshoppingcenterinHoChiMinhCity,Vietnam.③

Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled.Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggestsource（來源）ofplasticpollution,butthey’verecentlycomeunderfirebecausemostpeopledon’tneedthemtodrinkwithand,becauseoftheirsmallsizeandweight,theycannotberecycled.Everystrawthat’spartofVonWong’sartworklikelycamefromadrinkthatsomeoneusedforonlyafewminutes.Oncethedrinkisgone,thestrawwilltakecenturiestodisappear.④Inapiecefrom2018,VonWongwantedtoillustrate（說明）aspecificstatistic:Every60seconds,atruckload’sworthofplasticenterstheocean.Forthiswork,titled“TruckloadofPlastic”，VonWongandagroupofvolunteerscollectedmorethan10,000piecesofplastic,whichwerethentiedtogethertolooklikethey’dbeendumped（傾倒）fromatruckallatonce.⑤VonWonghopesthathisworkwillalsohelppressurebigcompaniestoreducetheirplasticfootprint.2021年全國乙卷C題目見講義摘要一般特殊型

說明文引言正文總結(jié)Hebuildssculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.Hebuiltapiececalled“Strawpocalypse”whichwasapairof10-foot-tallplasticwaves,frozenmid-crash.EverystrawofVonWong’sartworklikelycamefromadrinkthatsomeoneusedforafewminutesbutwouldtakecenturiestodisappear.Inapiecefrom2018,VonWongwantedtoillustrateaspecificstatistic:Every60seconds,atruckload’sworthofplasticenterstheocean.Hehopeshisworkwillhelppressurecompaniestoreduceplasticfootprint.1.WhatareVonWong’sartworksintendedfor?3.Whateffectwould“TruckloadofPlastic”haveonviewers?2.Whydoestheauthordiscussplasticstrawsinparagraph3?快速通讀文章完成下面的摘要，并找出所對應(yīng)的題目。MindMap4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?apairof10-foot-tallplasticwaves,frozenmid-crash說明對象TruckloadofPlasticBenjaminbuiltmassivesculpturesoutofgarbagetoforcepeopletore-examinetherelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.madeof168,000plasticstrawscollectedfromvolunteerbeachcleanupsmadeitsfirstappearanceattheEstellaPlaceshoppingcenterBecauseoftheirsmallsizeandweight,plasticstrawscan’tberecycled.Oncethedrinkisgone,thestrawwilltakecenturiestodisappear.helppressurebigcompaniestoreducethefootprint.說明特征創(chuàng)作原因背景信息Everystrawofhisartworklikelycamefromadrinkthatsomeoneusedforafewminutes.collectedfrommore10,000piecesofplasticcreatedin2008StrawpocalypseBenjamin2021年全國乙卷C題目速覽1WhatareVonWong’sartworksintendedfor?Beautifyingthecityhelivesin.Introducingeco-friendlyproducts.Drawingpublicattentiontoplasticwaste. Reducinggarbageonthebeach.推理判斷題Whydoestheauthordiscussplasticstrawsinparagraph3?Toshowthedifficultyoftheirrecycling.Toexplainwhytheyareuseful.Tovoicehisviewsonmodernart.Tofindasubstituteforthem.2Whateffectwould“TruckloadofPlastic”haveonviewers?Calming. Disturbing.Refreshing. Challenging.3Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?Artists’OpinionsonPlasticSafetyMediaInterestinContemporaryArtResponsibilityDemandedofBigCompaniesOceanPlasticsTransformedintoSculptures4推理判斷題推理判斷題主旨大意題說明對象Benjaminbuiltmassivesculpturesoutofgarbagetoforcepeopletore-examinetherelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.plasticproducts.re-examinetherelationshiptosingle-use拆解：說明文（一般特殊型）推理判斷題1STEP1：標關(guān)鍵詞題干定位說明對象STEP2：定位信息段①You’veheardthatplasticispollutingtheoceans—between4.8and12.7milliontonnesenteroceanecosystemseveryyear.Butdoesoneplasticstraworcupreallymakeadifference?ArtistBenjaminVonWongwantsyoutoknowthatitdoes.

Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.

WhatareVonWong’sartworksintendedfor?Beautifyingthecityhelivesin. Introducingeco-friendlyproducts.Drawingpublicattentiontoplasticwaste. Reducinggarbageonthebeach.re-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts技巧點撥：同義復(fù)現(xiàn)答案指向句分析參考譯文Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.他用塑料垃圾建造了大量的雕塑，強迫觀眾重新審視自己和一次性塑料制品的關(guān)系。Hebuildsmassivesculptures1122outofplasticgarbage3forcingviewersto

re-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts3relationship非謂語動詞做狀語relationshiptosth.的固定搭配狀語

Becauseoftheirsmallsizeandweight,plasticstrawscan’tbyrecycled.

Oncethedrinkisgone,thestrawwilltakecenturiestodisappear.創(chuàng)作原因

Everystrawofhisartworklikelycamefromadrinkthatsomeoneusedforafewminutesplasticstrawscan’tbyrecycledOncethedrinkisgone,thestrawwilltakecenturiestodisappear拆解：說明文（一般特殊型）推理判斷題2STEP1：標關(guān)鍵詞題干定位創(chuàng)作原因STEP2：定位信息段③Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled.Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggestsource（來源）ofplasticpollution,butthey’verecentlycomeunderfirebecausemostpeopledon’tneedthemtodrinkwithand,becauseoftheirsmallsizeandweight,theycannotberecycled.Everystrawthat’spartofVonWong’sartworklikelycamefromadrinkthatsomeoneusedforonlyafewminutes.Oncethedrinkisgone,thestrawwilltakecenturiestodisappear.cannotberecycledtakecenturiestodisappearWhydoestheauthordiscussplasticstrawsinparagraph3?A.Toshowthedifficultyoftheirrecycling.B.Toexplainwhytheyareuseful.C.Tovoicehisviewsonmodernart.D.Tofindasubstituteforthem.技巧點撥：推理判斷題，理解詞塊后進行歸納總結(jié)答案指向句分析參考譯文Plasticstrawsarethebiggestsource（來源）ofplasticpollution塑料吸管絕不是最大的塑料污染源，但最近它們受到批評，因為大多數(shù)人喝水并不需要吸管，且因為它們體積小、重量輕，是無法回收的。狀語but轉(zhuǎn)折連詞，連接前后兩個分句because因果連詞，連接前后兩個分句and并列連詞，連接前后兩個分句111they’verecentlycomeunderfirebutbecausemostpeopledon’tneedthemtodrinkwith1and

theycannotberecycled.2bynomeans23becauseoftheirsmallsizeandweight狀語3Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggestsource（來源）ofplasticpollution,butthey’verecentlycomeunderfirebecausemostpeopledon’tneedthemtodrinkwithand,becauseoftheirsmallsizeandweight,theycannotberecycled.collectedfrommore10,000piecesofplasticTruckloadofPlastichelppressurebigcompaniestoreducethefootprint.背景信息createdin2008Benjaminhelppressurebigcompaniestoreducethefootprint.collectedfrommore10,000piecesofplastichelppressurebigcompaniestoreducethefootprintcreatedin2008拆解：說明文（一般特殊型）推理判斷題3STEP1：標關(guān)鍵詞題干定位背景信息STEP2：定位信息段④Inapiecefrom2018,VonWongwantedtoillustrate（說明）aspecificstatistic:Every60seconds,atruckload’sworthofplasticenterstheocean.Forthiswork,titled“TruckloadofPlastic,”VonWongandagroupofvolunteerscollectedmorethan10,000piecesofplastic,whichwerethentiedtogethertolooklikethey’dbeendumped（傾倒）fromatruckallatonce.Plastic10,000piecesofplasticlooklikethey’dbeendumped（傾倒）fromatruckallatonce技巧點撥：推理判斷題，理解詞塊后進行歸納總結(jié)Whateffectwould“TruckloadofPlastic”haveonviewers?A.Calming. B.Disturbing.C.Refreshing. D.Challenging.

答案指向句分析參考譯文VonWongandagroupofvolunteerscollectedmorethan10,000piecesofplastic,whichwerethentiedtogethertolooklikethey’dbeendumped（傾倒）fromatruckallatonce.VonWong和一組志愿者搜集了1萬多塊塑料，它們被綁到一起，看起來就像是同時從卡車上傾倒下來一樣。whichwerethentiedtogethertolooklikethey’dbeendumped（傾倒）fromatruckallatonce.定語從句VonWongandagroupofvolunteerscollectedmorethan10,000piecesofplastic1122plastic定語從句修飾的先行詞fromatruckallatonce狀語拆解：說明文（一般特殊型）主旨大意題4STEP1：標關(guān)鍵詞題干定位說明對象STEP2：定位信息段Benjaminbuiltmassivesculpturesoutofgarbagetoforcepeopletore-examinetherelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.說明對象builtmassivesculpturesoutofgarbage①You’veheardthatplasticispollutingtheoceans—between4.8and12.7milliontonnesenteroceanecosystemseveryyear.Butdoesoneplasticstraworcupreallymakeadifference?ArtistBenjaminVonWongwantsyoutoknowthatitdoes.Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.buildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbageWhichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Artists’OpinionsonPlasticSafetyBMediaInterestinContemporaryArtC.ResponsibilityDemandedofBigCompaniesD.OceanPlasticsTransformedintoSculptures技巧點撥：同義復(fù)現(xiàn)回顧apairof10-foot-tallplasticwaves,frozenmid-crash說明對象TruckloadofPlasticBenjaminbuiltmassivesculpturesoutofgarbagetoforcepeopletore-examinetherelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.madeof168,000plasticstrawscollectedfromvolunteerbeachcleanupsmadeitsfirstappearanceattheEstellaPlaceshoppingcenterBecauseoftheirsmallsizeandweight,plasticstrawscan’tbyrecycled.Oncethedrinkisgone,thestrawwilltakecenturiestodisappear.helppressurebigcompaniestoreducethefootprint.說明特征創(chuàng)作原因背景信息Everystrawofhisartworklikelycamefromadrinkthatsomeoneusedforafewminutes.collectedfrommore10,000piecesofplasticcreatedin2008StrawpocalypseBenjamin2021年全國乙卷CQ1Q2Q3Q4Tip1:說明文推理判斷題的破解可以用“三步走”破解。①______________________________________________;②______________________________________________;③______________________________________________。Tip2:說明文推理判斷題正確選項特征_____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________細節(jié)理解劃出題干、選項關(guān)鍵詞詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)（關(guān)注同義、反義，還有語義場等）；歸納和對比依據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位段落，重點關(guān)注相關(guān)信息句歸納總結(jié)，仔細對比選項，確定答案Tip1:說明文主旨大意題需要用到_____________。Tip2:主旨大意題依然可以遵循“三步走”的原則：step1:______________________________________;step2:______________________________________;step3:______________________________________

Tip3:主旨大意題正確選項特征_______________________主旨大意理解和歸納圈出選項里的說明對象和關(guān)鍵詞塊以詞塊為線索回歸原文區(qū)分辨別選項的陷阱等同義復(fù)現(xiàn)和概括呈現(xiàn)詞匯梳理：同義/近義復(fù)現(xiàn)①

You’veheardthatplasticispollutingtheoceans—between4.8and12.7milliontonnesenteroceanecosystemseveryyear.Butdoesoneplasticstraworcupreallymakeadifference?ArtistBenjaminVonWongwantsyoutoknowthatitdoes.Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.②

Atthebeginningoftheyear,theartistbuiltapiececalled“Strawpocalypse,”apairof10-foot-tallplasticwaves,frozenmid-crash.Madeof168,000plasticstrawscollectedfromseveralvolunteerbeachcleanups,thesculpturemadeitsfirstappearanceattheEstellaPlaceshoppingcenterinHoChiMinhCity,Vietnam.wantsyoutoknowforcingviewerstore-examineplasticplasticgarbageplasticplastic1WhatareVonWong’sartworksintendedfor?Beautifyingthecityhelivesin. Introducingeco-friendlyproducts.Drawingpublicattentiontoplasticwaste. Reducinggarbageonthebeach.詞匯梳理：同義/近義復(fù)現(xiàn)2③

Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled.Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggestsource（來源）ofplasticpollution,butthey’verecentlycomeunderfirebecausemostpeopledon’tneedthemtodrinkwithand,becauseoftheirsmallsizeandweight,theycannotberecycled.Everystrawthat’spartofVonWong’sartworklikelycamefromadrinkthatsomeoneusedforonlyafewminutes.Oncethedrinkisgone,thestrawwilltakecenturiestodisappear.PlasticstrawsstrawthestrawrecycledrecycledtakecenturiestodisappearWhydoestheauthordiscussplasticstrawsinparagraph3?A.Toshow