初中英語總復(fù)習(xí)知識點1.英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)及從句

PAGEPAGE1英語句子成分：主語：動作或狀態(tài)的發(fā)出者；Shelikescats.Iamateacher.謂語：主語的動作或狀態(tài)；賓語：謂語的對象，內(nèi)容，承受者；定語：修飾名詞和代詞的成分；It’sacutedog.狀語：修飾其他；Herunsfast.補語：補充說明主語或賓語；Iaskedhertostudyhard.Sheisaskedtostudyhard.表語：連系動詞后獨立完整的意群；同位語：解釋說明其他；Mrs.Liu,myEnglishteacher,isverynicetous.獨立成分：感嘆語；稱呼語；插入語。Howdeliciousitis!Forexample,youcanreadEnglisheveryday.英語句子結(jié)構(gòu)：由主謂+謂語+其他構(gòu)成，意義完整。簡單句：1個（并列）主語+1個（并列）謂語；Ilikecats.SheandIlikecats.Idanceandsing.主語謂語賓語賓補表語Idance.主謂Shehaslunch.主謂賓Sheisbeautiful.主系表Myfathergavemeaphoto.主謂雙賓Lucymadeuslaugh主謂賓賓補并列句：由關(guān)聯(lián)詞連接的兩個或以上簡單句:but,so,or.Ilikecatsbutshelikesdogs.Shestayeduplateyesterday,sosheistirednow.Studyhard,oryouwillfailtheexam.主從復(fù)合句：名詞性從句；定語從句；狀語從句。名詞性從句包括主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句，同位語從句。常用關(guān)聯(lián)詞：that,if/whether,what/how/when等特殊疑問詞。賓語從句作為重點：thatIthink(that)youareright.不作成分，可省略If/whetherIwonderif/whetheryouwillcome.不作成分，有意義，不可省What/how/when等Iwonderwhattheworldwilllooklike.做成分，有意義，不可省賓語從句考察點：否定轉(zhuǎn)移：Idon’tthinkit’sgoodforyou.If引導(dǎo)賓從做“是否”，引導(dǎo)狀從做“如果”.句中有ornot且連用時，只可用whether,不用if.從句用陳述語序：Theteacheraskedhimwhyhewaslate.時態(tài)：主過從過.（二）定語從句：=先行詞+定從（關(guān)系詞+其他）常用關(guān)系代詞指代的先行詞充當(dāng)成分That人/物主賓表Shegavemeapenthatisnice./Ihaveafriendthatstudieshard.Which物主賓表定Youshouldeatmorefruitwhichisgoodforyourhealth.Who人主賓IlikemyEnglishteacherwhohelpsmealot.Whom人賓SheisthepersonwhomIwastalkingwith.whose人/物定LucyhasacutedogwhosenameisCoco.（三）狀語從句：考點：時間條件狀從時態(tài)：主將從現(xiàn)。其他狀從關(guān)聯(lián)詞含義。時間狀語從句常用關(guān)聯(lián)詞WhenwhileasWhenIwasachild,Ilikedswimming.Whileshewascookinginthekitchen,thebellrang.Assheleft,shelookedbehind.When后可接瞬時動作；while只可接延續(xù)動作；while還可表達主從句動作對比；as翻譯為“一邊，一邊”或“隨著”。Before,afterBeforeIcameback,shehadgoteverythingready.AfterIhadlearnedEnglishforyears,ImovedtoAmerica.Before,after也可做介詞或副詞。We’llleaveafterlunch.Shearrivesbefore3o’clock.Soonafter,Iheadfrommybrother.Ithinkwe’vemetbefore.sinceIhaveworkedheresinceIgraduated.現(xiàn)在完成時的標(biāo)志：since,foralongtime,inthepastfewyearsUntil,tillHedidn’tsleepuntilhismothercameback.句首只用until;與not連用，只用untilAssoonasAssoonassheheardthenews,shecametotellusaboutit.一……就……區(qū)別：aslongas只要原因狀語從句常用關(guān)聯(lián)詞BecauseBecauseit’srainingoutside,wecan’tgoswimming.—why?—because;表示強烈的因果關(guān)系;不能和so連接;Becauseof+短語SinceSinceyouarehere,whynoteattogether?既然；明顯或已知的原因，通常位于主句之前asAshewastired,hewenttobedearly.由于；表明理由最弱forItrainedlastnight,forthegroundiswet.連接分句，不能位于句首條件狀語從句常用關(guān)聯(lián)詞IfIfI’mfreetomorrow,Iwillgototheparty.unlessUnlessI’mbusytomorrow,Iwillgototheparty.=ifnotAslongasAslongasyoucanbecareful,youwilldoitsuccessfully.目的結(jié)果狀語從句常用關(guān)聯(lián)詞Sothat,inorderthat目的Iclimbedhighsothat/inorderthatIcouldgetabetterview.Iclimbedhighsoasto/inordertogetabetterview.Sothat,suchthat結(jié)果Sheissotiedthatshefallsasleepimmediately.Heissuchafoolthathebelievesher!So+adj.such+n.So+many/much/little/few讓步狀語從句常用關(guān)聯(lián)詞Though,althoughAlthoughhetriedhard,(yet/still)hefailed.不可和but連，可和yet,still連Evenif,eventhoughEvenifheistired,hekeeps