新概念英語(yǔ)第二冊(cè)期末復(fù)習(xí)+副詞課件

1.簡(jiǎn)單副詞e.g.just,only,very,quite,well,here,back,up,down,out,

soon…2.復(fù)合副詞e.g.somehow,somewhere,everywhere,upstairs,downstairs,

overnight,someday…

3.派生副詞（1）形容詞（包括分詞）+-lye.g.actually,angrily,fortunately,evidently,obviously,seemingly,

interestingly,determinedly,hurriedly…按照構(gòu)成形態(tài)分類1許多簡(jiǎn)單副詞表示位置和方向。提示（2）方向副詞+-ward(s)e.g.eastward(s),northward(s),homeward(s),outward(s)…（3）名詞+-wisee.g.clockwise,crabwise(橫向地),crosswise,sidewise,money-wise(在金錢方面)…大多數(shù)派生副詞都有-ly后綴。常?？梢越忉尀閕na…manner,toa…degree,ina…respect。提示1提示2少數(shù)以-ly為后綴的形容詞如friendly，不能再加-ly后綴，可代之以含manner，way或fashion的介詞詞組表意，如“Theygrinnedatherinafriendlyway

andshereturnedtheirsmiles.”。提示3沒(méi)有-s的形式常見(jiàn)于美式英語(yǔ)或書面英語(yǔ)，有-s的常見(jiàn)于英式英語(yǔ)。提示-wise的構(gòu)詞力有限，主要表示某種方式、尺度或方面。提示1.方式副詞：表示動(dòng)作或過(guò)程的進(jìn)行方式。e.g.angrily,happily,rudely,politely,coldly,warmly,quickly,

slowly,suddenly…e.g.“Goatoncethen!”sherepliedangrily.

Quickly,shejumpedtoherfeetandlookedaround.2.程度副詞：表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)的發(fā)展程度。e.g.almost,awfully,completely,considerably,greatly,nearly,partly,pretty,slightly,hardly,(a)little,much…e.g.Iamawfully

gladsheisn’tdead.（強(qiáng)化作用）Thetrafficwasmovingpretty

slowly.（弱化作用）按照詞匯意義分類2方式副詞多以-ly結(jié)尾，相當(dāng)于ina…manner/way。提示對(duì)形容詞和副詞常起到強(qiáng)化或弱化的作用。提示3.頻度副詞：表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生的頻度。e.g.always,usually,often,sometimes,frequently,occasionally,

rarely,seldom,hardlyever,never…e.g.Heisalwaysveryhelpfultootherpeople.They

seldom

watch

television

these

days.4.時(shí)間副詞：表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生的時(shí)間。e.g.ago,already,before,early,late,lately,lateron,recently,finally,immediately,now,justnow,recently,yesterday,

today,tomorrow,shortly,soon…頻度大小依次為always>usually/regularly/normally/generally>often/frequently>sometimes/occasionally>rarely/hardlyever/scarcelyever/seldom>never。提示e.g.Prices

have

gonedown

recently.

Later

on

I

learnedhowto

read

music.5.地點(diǎn)副詞：表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生的地點(diǎn)。e.g.above,abroad,around,across,along,away,back,backwards,

below,up,down,here,there,upstairs,downstairs,anywhere,everywhere,elsewhere,in,on,over,out,home,near,past,inside,outside…e.g.I

carried

her

bags

upstairs.Heshowedhistickettotheconductorandgoton.today，tomorrow，yesterday等也可用作名詞。提示above，around，across，along，below，in，on，over等也可用作介詞。提示1.動(dòng)詞詞組中修飾動(dòng)詞e.g.Theycompletelyignoredmyviews.

（completely強(qiáng)調(diào)ignored的程度）Shekindofhopedtobeinvited.(=tosomeextent)2.形容詞詞組中修飾形容詞e.g.Twomenwereinthestreet,oneofwhomseemedslightly

familiar.IwasthathungryIcouldhaveeatenahorse.(=so)副詞在詞組中作修飾語(yǔ)1kindof/sortof在極通俗的口語(yǔ)中可用作副詞，意為“在某種程度上”。提示that在非正式語(yǔ)體中可作副詞，用于強(qiáng)調(diào)感情或品質(zhì)的程度，意為“那樣”。提示3.副詞詞組中修飾副詞e.g.Doitrightnow.Shecookswellenough.

4.介詞詞組中修飾介詞e.g.Ican’treachit;it’swellovermyhead.（遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)地）

Hisparentsaredeadagainstthetrip.（完全地）5.修飾限定詞e.g.Virtuallyallthestudentsparticipatedinthediscussion.Ididn’thavemorethanadollaronme.副詞在各類詞組中作修飾語(yǔ)，對(duì)所修飾的動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞等起強(qiáng)調(diào)、強(qiáng)化、弱化等作用，同詞組中的其他成分共同構(gòu)成各類詞組。提示6.修飾名詞詞組（程度副詞quite，rather等）e.g.That’squiteastory.She’sratherafool.

注意：副詞在詞組中作后置修飾語(yǔ)的兩種情況1.enough，indeed修飾形容詞、副詞時(shí)后置e.g.Thisshirt

isn’t

big

enough.

This

machine

isvery

good

indeed.

2.有些表示方位和時(shí)間的副詞作名詞修飾語(yǔ)時(shí)，習(xí)慣上后置e.g.thesentencebelow,theweathertomorrow,yourfriendhere,themeetingyesterday…作此用法的quite，rather用作強(qiáng)化語(yǔ)，尤其在英式英語(yǔ)中。提示意義：表示動(dòng)作、過(guò)程、狀態(tài)等發(fā)生和存在的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式等。類別：主要由時(shí)間副詞、地點(diǎn)副詞、方式副詞等充當(dāng)。1.時(shí)間副詞詞組位置：句尾、句中、句首e.g.Theyhadanaccidentrecently.

Theyrecentlyhadanaccident.

Recentlytheyhadanaccident.

Themanwastakentoapolicestation.Therehewassearched

andfoundtobecarryingaquantityofheroin.（銜接上文）副詞詞組在句中作修飾性狀語(yǔ)2置于句首往往與句子的信息結(jié)構(gòu)有關(guān)，用以突出強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ)或者銜接上文。提示2.方式副詞詞組位置：句尾（通常）、句首（有時(shí)）e.g.Healwaysdrivescarefully.

Suddenlyavoicewasheardontheloudspeaker.3.地點(diǎn)副詞詞組位置：句尾（通常）、句首（有時(shí)）e.g.Thecaptaintoldthesailorstogobelow.I

carried

her

bags

upstairs.

Itwaswarmandcomfortableinthelittlecottage.Outside,

itwasgettingdark.（對(duì)照）在敘事文中，方式副詞可置于句首，以取得制造懸念等戲劇性效果。提示置于句首可以表示對(duì)照或強(qiáng)調(diào)。提示4.句中位置狀語(yǔ)的順序（1）如有助動(dòng)詞，狀語(yǔ)通常緊接其后，或在第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞之后。e.g.Thosekidsare

alwayshangingaroundthestreets.

Thingswill

soonbelookingup.（2）緊接在普通動(dòng)詞be之后。e.g.Thiscamerais

definitelyfaulty.（3）如有一般時(shí)態(tài)動(dòng)詞，狀語(yǔ)放在動(dòng)詞之前。e.g.Weusually

dealwiththemailfirst.

5.句尾位置狀語(yǔ)的順序（1）如有賓語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)通常置于其后。e.g.Iwrappedtheparcelcarefully.（2）通常較短的狀語(yǔ)放在較長(zhǎng)的前面。e.g.Apolicemaninspectedthecarthoroughly

inaveryofficious

manner.（3）時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式的通常語(yǔ)序是：方式

地點(diǎn)

時(shí)間。e.g.Theyplayedbrilliantly

inCoventry

onSaturday.

方式

地點(diǎn)

時(shí)間

（他們星期六在考文垂踢得很出色。）（4）如動(dòng)詞和狀語(yǔ)有緊密的語(yǔ)義聯(lián)系，則該狀語(yǔ)直接跟在動(dòng)詞后面。e.g.Theywent

outside

slowly.

地點(diǎn)方式Whydidyoucome

home

late?

地點(diǎn)時(shí)間漢語(yǔ)的通常順序是“時(shí)間

地點(diǎn)

方式”。提示come，go等表運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞與表方向的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)有緊密的語(yǔ)義聯(lián)系。提示（5）方式、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)通常位于頻率前面。e.g.Sarahgetsupearly

occasionally.

時(shí)間

頻率1.評(píng)注性狀語(yǔ)意義和用法：主要由副詞詞組充當(dāng)，修飾整個(gè)句子，表示說(shuō)話人對(duì)話語(yǔ)的態(tài)度和看法。位置：常位于句首，并用逗號(hào)與句子隔開(kāi)。e.g.Unfortunately,theshowwasoneofthedullestwehave

everseen.

Frankly,I’dliketousemybrainalittlemore.2.連接性狀語(yǔ)意義和用法：通常由連接副詞充當(dāng)，在分句和分句之間起連接作用。位置：一般位于句首，也可位于句中。副詞詞組在句中作評(píng)注性狀語(yǔ)和連接性狀語(yǔ)3有時(shí)也可位于句尾和句中。（詳見(jiàn)3.2）提示e.g.Doitnow.Otherwiseitwillbetoolate.（句首）

Tomhasn’tarrivedyet.Hemay,however,comelater.

（句中）1.clean/cleanlyclean:completely；entirely“完全地；整個(gè)地”cleanly:precisely；easily；smoothly“準(zhǔn)確地；利落地”e.g.Icleanforgotaboutit.

Thisknifedoesn’tcutcleanly.

2.pretty/prettilypretty:fairly；moderately“相當(dāng)?shù)?；適當(dāng)?shù)亍?/p>

prettily:inaprettyway；attractively“漂亮地，吸引人地”e.g.She’spretty

good.Marydressesprettily.意義完全不同1前者是程度副詞，修飾形容詞或副詞，后者是方式副詞，與“漂亮”有關(guān)。提示3.hard/hardlyhard:withgreateffort“努力地”hardly:almostnot“幾乎不”e.g.Hehasbeenworkinghardallthemorning.Shewassofrightenedthatshecouldhardlyspeak.4.late/latelylate:aftertheusualtime“晚；遲”lately:recently“最近”e.g.Ellenhasto

worklate

tonight.I’vebeenverybusylately.前者是方式副詞，后者是頻度副詞，有否定含義。提示late是early的反義詞。lately不與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用，常用于現(xiàn)在完成體。提示1.clear/clearlyclear:

①completely;quite“完全地”

②nottouching;wellawayfrom“不接觸；避開(kāi)”常見(jiàn)搭配：standclearof；keepclearof

③distinctly“清晰地”常見(jiàn)搭配：loudandclear；shineclearclearly:withoutconfusion;distinctly;obviously“清晰地；明顯地”e.g.Youcanseecleartothemountainstoday.Standclearofthegates.Canyouseeclearlyfromhere?Heisclearlywrong.部分同義，部分異義2clearly用來(lái)修飾形容詞或動(dòng)詞。提示2.close/closelyclose:

①near“（時(shí)間、空間上）靠近；接近”

②almost“（用于數(shù)字前）接近”closely:①tightly;thoroughly;carefully“嚴(yán)密地；仔細(xì)地”

②toaverygreat

degree“在很大程度上；密切地”e.g.Helives

closetotheschool.Thetotalwas

close

to

20%

ofthe

workforce.

Theprisonerswerecloselyguarded.

Ihavebeen

closelyinvolved

intheworkofbothcommittees.3.dead/deadlydead:

①completely;suddenly;exactly“完全地；突然地；確實(shí)地”

②very;extremely“非常；極度”deadly:

①horribly;likedead“死一般地”常見(jiàn)搭配：deadlypale；deadlycold

②extremely“極其；非?！背Ｒ?jiàn)搭配：deadlyserious；deadlydulle.g.You’redeadright.Shestoppeddead.Heisdeadtired.His

faceturned

deadly

pale.Lifeinasmalltowncouldbedeadlydull.4.direct/directlydirect:

①withoutstoppingorchangingdirection“（談?wù)撀贸?、路線）直接；徑直”

②withoutinvolvingotherpeople“親自；直接”directly:

①inaforthrightmanner;candidly“直接地；坦率地”

②atonce;immediately“立刻；馬上”

e.g.WeflewdirecttoHongKong.Iprefertodealwithhimdirect.Sheansweredmeverydirectlyandopenly.Sheleftdirectlyaftertheshow.5.fair/fairlyfair:accordingtotherules

“按照規(guī)則；公正地”常見(jiàn)搭配：fairandsquare（光明正大地）；playfair（辦事公正合理；行為光明磊落）；hitfair（按規(guī)則出擊）；fightfair（依照規(guī)則開(kāi)打）fairly:

①tosomeextentbutnotvery“一定地；相當(dāng)?shù)亍保ㄐ揎椥稳菰~和副詞）常見(jiàn)搭配：fairlygood/safe/certain/well/soon

②inafairandreasonableway;honestly“公平合理地；公正地”常見(jiàn)搭配：fairlyandsquarelye.g.They’llrespectyouaslongasyouplayfair.Igojoggingfairlyregularly.Hehasalwaystreatedmefairly.fairly多與褒義的形容詞和副詞連用。提示6.right/rightlyright:

①exactly;directly“正好；恰好；直接地”

②completely;alltheway“完全地；一直”

③immediately“立即；馬上”④correctly“正確地；確切地”（用于動(dòng)詞之后）⑤notleft“右邊”rightly:

①foragoodreason“正當(dāng)?shù)?；理由充分地?/p>

（用于形容詞之前）

②correctly“正確地”（用于動(dòng)詞之前）e.g.Youguessed

right.Yourightlyguessedthatshewasanurse.Theyarerightlyproudoftheirchildren.7.sharp/sharplysharp:①exactly“（準(zhǔn)時(shí)）…整”

②turningsuddenlytotheleftorright“（左/右）急轉(zhuǎn)”sharply:suddenlyandbyalargeamount“急劇地；突然大幅度地”e.g.Pleasebehereateleveno’clocksharp.Atthecrossroadsweturnedsharptotheleft.Theroadfellsharplytothesea.1.easy/easily

easy：只在某些固定搭配中作副詞常見(jiàn)搭配：Takeiteasy./Easiersaidthandone./Goeasy./Standeasy./Easycome,easygo.easily:withoutproblemsor

difficulties“容易地”e.g.Theywonquiteeasily.

意義相同，用法不盡相同32.high/highlyhigh：在某些搭配中用作副詞常見(jiàn)搭配：aimhigh,holdone’sheadhigh,playhigh,searchhighandlow,runhigh,flyhigh…h(huán)ighly:①withadmirationorpraise“欽佩地；贊賞地”

②very“很；非?！保ㄐ揎椥稳菰~）

③atortoahighstandard,leveloramount“高標(biāo)準(zhǔn)地；高級(jí)地；大量地”e.g.Thepainterclimbedhighontheladder.Ifyouwanttobesuccessful,youhavetoaimhigh.Hespokehighlyofher.It’shighlyunlikelythatshe’llbelate.She’s

a

highly

paid

TV

presenter.highly常指抽象的“高”。提示3.firm/firmlyfirm：在某些搭配中用作副詞常見(jiàn)搭配：standfirm,holdfirmtofirmly:inastrongordefiniteway“堅(jiān)定地；堅(jiān)固地”e.g.She

held

firm

to

her

principles.Ifirmlybelievethat.Fixthepostfirmlyintheground.

4.slow/slowlyslow：美式英語(yǔ)口語(yǔ)；用于交通標(biāo)志slowly：正式場(chǎng)合；動(dòng)詞之前；位于句首e.g.Driveslow!Slow,dangerousbend!Thenhespokeslowly,butIcouldnotunderstandhim.Sheslowly

openedthedoorandwentout.

Slowly,

he

clawed

hisway

out

from

under

the

collapsed

building.

5.tight/tightlytight:

非正式語(yǔ)體；常位于動(dòng)詞之后tightly：正式場(chǎng)合；尤其在-ed分詞之前e.g.Sheclaspedhishandtightinbothofhers.Hecaughtherhandandheldittightly.Themouthofthejarwastightlysealed.

6.wrong/wronglywrong：非正式語(yǔ)體；常位于動(dòng)詞之后wrongly：較正式語(yǔ)體；動(dòng)詞之前e.g.Youguessed

wrong.Theletterwaswrongly

addressed.

Bottlesfromthisregionsell______atabout$50acase.

A.B.C.D.entirelytotallywholesaletogether該題是副詞辨析題。entirely和totally都是“completely（完全地）”的意思；together意為“一起；共同”；作副詞用的wholesale意為“以批發(fā)方式”，可以與動(dòng)詞sell搭配，符合語(yǔ)境，因此C為正確答案。本地區(qū)的瓶子批發(fā)價(jià)格為50美元一箱。Whichofthefollowingitalicizedpartsmodifiesanadverb?A.B.C.D.Doitrightnow.Thatwasaveryfunnyfilm.Iratherlikemyteacher.Wewalkedabout6miles.該題考查副詞在詞組中作修飾語(yǔ)。A句意為“現(xiàn)在馬上就做吧”，句中right是副詞，修飾時(shí)間副詞now，因此A為正確答案。B句意為“那是一部非常有趣的電影”，句中副詞very修飾形容詞funny；C句意為“我倒很喜歡我的老師”，副詞rather修飾動(dòng)詞like；D句意為“我們走了大約6英里的路程”，副詞about修飾限定詞“6”。下列哪個(gè)斜體部分修飾副詞？Hefeelsthatheisnotyet_______totravelabroad.

A.B.C.D.toostrongenoughstrongsostrongstrongenough該題考查enough作為副詞的用法。enough在用作副詞時(shí)，通常放在它所修飾的形容詞、副詞之后，因此D為正確答案。A項(xiàng)too…to結(jié)構(gòu)本身含有否定意思，不能用于否定句；C項(xiàng)sostrong后不能接不定式，應(yīng)該接that-分句。他感到他的身體還不夠強(qiáng)壯，不適于到國(guó)外旅游。

Theteamhasbeenworkingovertimeontheresearchproject________.A.B.C.D.latelyjustnowlatelongago該題考查時(shí)間副詞及現(xiàn)在完成體的用法。時(shí)間副詞lately意為“最近；近來(lái)”，可用于現(xiàn)在完成體，因此A為正確答案。justnow，longago均為表過(guò)去時(shí)間的副詞詞組，不能用于現(xiàn)在完成體。late作為副詞意為“遲；晚”，與句意不符。這個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)最近一直在為這個(gè)研究項(xiàng)目加班加點(diǎn)。WhichofthefollowingadverbscanNOTbeusedtocomplete“_____everybodycame”?A.B.C.D.NearlyQuitePracticallyAlmost該題考查程度副詞的辨析。nearly，quite和almost都是表示程度的副詞。nearly和almost都可用來(lái)修飾不定代詞、形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞和介詞詞組等，此時(shí)兩者?？苫Q，而quite除了能修飾形容詞、副詞、動(dòng)詞、分詞外，還能修飾名詞、介詞詞組等，但不能修飾不定代詞。practically常用于口語(yǔ)表達(dá)中，相當(dāng)于almost，nearly，可以修飾everybody。因此B為正確答案。下列哪個(gè)副詞不能填入句中空格“________everybodycame”？Mydaughterhaswalkedeightmilestoday.Weneverguessedthatshecouldwalk______far.A.B.C.D./suchthatas該題考查that作為副詞修飾形容詞的用法。that可用作副詞，用于修飾形容詞或副詞，意為“那么；這么”。該題中that用于修飾形容詞far，因此C為正確答案。參見(jiàn)《教程》（P270b）修飾形容詞部分例句。我女兒今天走了八英里，我們從沒(méi)有想到她能走那么遠(yuǎn)。IarrivedattheairportsolatethatI_________missedtheplane.A.B.C.D.onlyquitenarrowlyseldom該題考查副詞narrowly的用法。narrowly修飾miss，lose等動(dòng)詞時(shí)意為“差一點(diǎn)就…”，其他副詞only，quite和seldom均無(wú)此意，因此C為正確答案。我到達(dá)機(jī)場(chǎng)太晚了以至于差點(diǎn)就錯(cuò)過(guò)了飛機(jī)。本講簡(jiǎn)單介紹了副詞的分類，主要介紹了副詞（詞組）的主要句法功能，一些兼有兩種形式的副詞的用法，以及若干易混淆副詞的語(yǔ)義辨析。副詞包羅萬(wàn)象，類別繁多，是傳統(tǒng)詞類中最模糊不清、令人困惑的詞類。學(xué)習(xí)中可首先熟悉副詞的分類，特別是按其詞匯意義的分類。作為詞組的組成成分，副詞在詞組中作修飾語(yǔ)，修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞，除了enough，indeed外，都作前置修飾語(yǔ)，有些地點(diǎn)副詞和時(shí)間副詞能作后置修飾語(yǔ)修飾名詞。作為句子成分，副詞詞組在句中作三種狀語(yǔ)：修飾性狀語(yǔ)、評(píng)注性狀語(yǔ)、連接性狀語(yǔ)。由于后兩種狀語(yǔ)是第3講的主要內(nèi)容之一，因此本講可重點(diǎn)關(guān)注修飾性狀語(yǔ)。修飾性狀語(yǔ)的學(xué)習(xí)要注意各種修飾性狀語(yǔ)的位置，先掌握通常的位置，再理解其他位置可能出于修辭上的需要。兼有兩種形式的副詞的用法是一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)難點(diǎn)，學(xué)習(xí)中可以意義為中心區(qū)分為三類：“意義完全不同”、“部分同義，部分異義”、“意義相同，用法不盡相同”，著眼于意義上的差異，抓住主要不同點(diǎn)，如本義和引申義、位置差異、語(yǔ)體不同、常見(jiàn)搭配等來(lái)降低學(xué)習(xí)難度。若干副詞之語(yǔ)義辨析部分清晰地介紹了一些易混淆副詞在意義和用法上的差異，多數(shù)可以從詞匯意義上作出區(qū)分，有的要考慮位置、語(yǔ)體、頻度高低、語(yǔ)勢(shì)強(qiáng)弱、褒貶色彩、時(shí)體結(jié)構(gòu)等。1.02.03.04.Theterrain(地形)wasexplored(scientifically).Theargument(論據(jù))wasabsurd(scientifically).Hemademeangry(thoroughly).Youhavestudiedthischapter(thoroughly).Theterrainwasscientificallyexplored./Theterrainwasexploredscientifically.Scientifically,theargumentwasabsurd./Theargumentwasabsurd,scientifically.Hemademethoroughlyangry.Youhavethoroughlystudiedthischapter./Youhavestudiedthischapterthoroughly.5.06.07.08.9.Thisismybusiness(hardly).Icanhearyou(hardly).Thisisforyourears(only).Thisisforyourears(alone).

Ispoketohermother(also).Thisishardlymybusiness./Thishardlyismybusiness.Icanhardlyhearyou.Thisisonlyforyourears./Thisisforyourearsonly.Thisisforyourearsalone.Ialsospoketohermother./Ispokealsotohermother./Also,Ispoketohermother.Wefeeldisheartened(sometimes).Sometimeswefeeldisheartened./Wefeeldisheartenedsometimes./Wesometimesfeeldisheartened.10.1.02.3.4.5.6.SorryIdidn’tturnup—I________forgot.(clean,cleanly)I’mafraidI’m________outoffood.(clean,cleanly)Thispenwrites________.(clean,cleanly)Come________!Iwanttotellyousomething.(close,closely)She’s________relatedtotheDukeofHalifax.(close,closely)Theplanegoes________fromLondontoHoustonwithoutstopping.(direct,directly)cleancleancleanlyclosecloselydirect7.8.9.10.11.12.13.14.Let’smeet________afterlunch;thenI’lltakeyou________toyourroom.(direct,directly)Thisisasentence________quotedfromLatin.(direct,directly)I’mworkingtoo________thisyear.(hard,hardly)I’ve________gotanycleanclothesleft.(hard,hardly)I________recommendit.(high,highly)He’sveryambitious:heaims________.(high,highly)

I’mgetting________fedup.(pretty,prettily)Itservesyou________.(right,rightly)directlydirectdirectlyhardhardlyhighlyhighprettyright15.16.17.18.19.20.I________assumedthatHenrywasn’tcoming.(right,rightly)Heopenedthedoor________.(wide,widely)Ican’treadthis.It’s________dull.(dead,deadly)Theroadisverydangerous.Go________slow.(dead,deadly)Takeit________.(easy,easily)Alwayshold________toyourbeliefs.(firm,firmly)rightlywidedeadlydeadeasyfirmJohn:HaveyouseenGeorge(1.late/lately)?Tom:No,butIshallseehimatRotherham(2.short/shortly).Hehasenteredforthemileracethere.He(3.most/mostly)comes(4.first/firstly)insuchraces.John:Buthecame(5.last/lastly)atDoncaster.Tom:Yes.Thatwas(6.large/largely)myfault.Itwas(7.pretty/prettily)hotthatday,soItookit(8.easy/easily)onthewaytoDoncaster.Ihad(9.clean/cleanly)forgottenthatIhadpromisedtopickGeorgeup.WhenIdidremember,I(10.quick/quickly)turnedround,butIreachedGeorge’shousevery(11.late/lately).Itried(12.hard/hardly)todrive(13.quick/quickly),butGeorg(14.right/rightly)didn’twantmetotakerisks,andpartofthewaywewere(15.close/closely)followedbyapolicecar,anyway.表達(dá)“（車）開(kāi)得快”，常用quickly。rightly通常置于動(dòng)詞之前，意為“正確地”。注意：rightly在句中作評(píng)注性狀語(yǔ)，參見(jiàn)《教程》P24采取中位的評(píng)注性狀語(yǔ)部分。close作副詞用時(shí)，多指距離上的接近，而closely多用于引申義，意為“緊密地；密切地”。close通常置于動(dòng)詞之后，但在過(guò)去分詞之前要用closely。becloselyfollowedby意為“被…緊緊地跟著”。表達(dá)“近來(lái)；最近”，用副詞lately（=recently），而副詞late意為“遲地；晚地”。表達(dá)“不久；很快”，用副詞shortly（=soon），而副詞short意為“突然”。表達(dá)“通常；多半地”，用副詞mostly，而most意為“最；非?！?。表達(dá)“第一；最先”，用副詞first，而firstly意為“首先；第一”，用于列舉。表達(dá)“在最后”，用副詞last，而lastly指順序上的最后，相當(dāng)于finally。表達(dá)“主要地”，用副詞largely，而large為形容詞。表達(dá)“相當(dāng)?shù)?；十分”，用副詞pretty，prettyhot意為veryhot。搭配takeiteasy意為“不慌不忙；從容不迫”。表達(dá)“完全地”，用副詞clean，cleanforgotten意為“完全忘記”。quick和quickly均可用作副詞，在口語(yǔ)中，一般多用quick（尤其在需要用比較級(jí)或最高級(jí)時(shí)），并且總是放在動(dòng)詞之后，如comequick；若放在動(dòng)詞之前，一般用quickly，文中用在動(dòng)詞之前，需用quickly。表達(dá)“遲地；晚地”，用副詞late，reached…verylate意為“很晚到達(dá)…”。表達(dá)“努力地”，用副詞hard，triedhard意為“付出很大努力；費(fèi)了很大力氣”，而hardly為含否定意義的副詞，意為“幾乎不”。Wewent(16.wrong/wrongly)once,atWakefield,whenweturned(17.right/rightly)atsometrafficlights,andthenwehadtogovery(18.slow/slowly)forafewmilesbecausetheroadturned(19.sharp/sharply)everyfewhundredyards.WhenwegottoDoncaster,Idrove(20.direct/directly)totherace-trackandleftGeorgetherewhileIwenttoparksomewhere(21.near/nearly).Ihadcutitso(22.fine/finely)thatGeorgehadonlyfifteenminutesbeforehisrace,whichbeganat3:15(23.sharp/sharply).Hehad(24.hard/hardly)enoughtimetogethislegsworking(25.loose/loosely)againwhenhehadtogotothestart,sohewas(26.clear/clearly)notinafitstatetowin.(27.Sure/Surely)enough,hewasbeaten(28.easy/easily).However,itis(29.sure/surely)(30.high/highly)unlikelythatanythinglikethatwillhappenagainthistime!表達(dá)“容易地；輕松