專題19現(xiàn)在完成時-2023年中考英語核心語法逐個突破（原卷版）

現(xiàn)在完成時考點(diǎn)熱度★★★★★內(nèi)容索引內(nèi)容索引命題趨勢對于現(xiàn)在完成時的考查，多以單選、句型轉(zhuǎn)換或詞語運(yùn)用的形式考查學(xué)生在具體語境中靈活運(yùn)用時態(tài)的能力。在考試中，會讓大家判斷是否該用現(xiàn)在完成時，或者是考查＂瞬間動詞不能與表示一段時間的狀語連用＂這一知識點(diǎn)。知識導(dǎo)圖現(xiàn)在完成時知識鏈接（一）現(xiàn)在完成時基本結(jié)構(gòu)（二）過去分詞變化規(guī)則（三）現(xiàn)在完成時用法（四）現(xiàn)在完成時連用的時間狀語（五）現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時區(qū)別考點(diǎn)突破考點(diǎn)1：瞬間動詞變延續(xù)性動詞考點(diǎn)2：have/hasbeen(in),have/hasbeento,have/hasgoneto辨析考點(diǎn)3：for和since句的現(xiàn)在完成時考點(diǎn)4：it引導(dǎo)的現(xiàn)在完成時從句小試牛刀2022年各地模擬20題直擊中考2022年各地中考20題知識導(dǎo)圖知識導(dǎo)圖知識知識鏈接知識點(diǎn)01現(xiàn)在完成時基本結(jié)構(gòu)【語法詳解】主語+have/has+動詞的過去分詞①肯定句：主語+have/has+動詞的過去分詞+賓語.②否定句：主語+have/has+not+動詞的過去分詞）+賓語.③一般疑問句：Have/Has+主語+動詞的過去分詞+賓語.④特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞或詞組+一般疑問句（have/has+主語+過去分詞（Ved）+其他）【即學(xué)即練】—Inthepastfewyears,China’sspaceprogram__________alot.—That’strue.Itsuccessfullysenttwelvemoreastronautstothespacestation.A．a(chǎn)chieves B．a(chǎn)chieved C．hasachieved D．isachieving知識點(diǎn)02過去分詞變化規(guī)則【語法詳解】1.規(guī)則動詞：規(guī)則動詞的過去分詞的構(gòu)成規(guī)則與規(guī)則動詞的過去式的構(gòu)成規(guī)則相同。變化規(guī)則有四點(diǎn)：（1）一般動詞，在詞尾直接加＂ed＂。work→worked→workedvisit→visited→visited（2）以＂e＂結(jié)尾的動詞，只在詞尾加＂d＂。live→lived→lived（3）以＂輔音字母+y＂結(jié)尾的動詞，將＂y＂變?yōu)椋＂，再加＂ed＂。study→studied→studiedcry→cried→cried（4）重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個輔音字母，先雙寫該輔音字母，再加＂ed＂。stop→stopped→stoppeddrop→dropped→dropped2.不規(guī)則動詞變化需參看不規(guī)則動詞表逐一熟記。cut→cut→cutit→hit→hit【即學(xué)即練】HistwindaughtersbegantolearnGermantenyearsago.（保持句意基本不變）Histwindaughters____________Germanfortenyears.知識點(diǎn)03現(xiàn)在完成時用法【語法詳解】1.現(xiàn)在完成時用來表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動作對現(xiàn)在造成影響或后果。也就是說，動作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過去但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是現(xiàn)在。Ihavealreadypostedthephoto.我已經(jīng)把照片寄走了。強(qiáng)調(diào)post對現(xiàn)在的影響＂照片不在這里＂。2.現(xiàn)在完成時可以用來表示發(fā)生在過去某一時刻的、持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作(用行為動詞表示)或狀態(tài)(be動詞表示)，常與for(+時間段)，since(+時間點(diǎn)或過去時的句子)連用，謂語動詞必須是延續(xù)性動詞。如：Hehaslivedheresince1978.自從1978年以來，他一直住在這兒。(動作起始于1978年，一直住到現(xiàn)在，可能還要繼續(xù)住下去。)注意：for和since的用法。①for+時間段譯為：……時間②since+過去一個時間點(diǎn)(譯為：自從……以來)③since+時間段+ago④since+從句(過去時)⑤Itis+時間段+since+從句(過去時)【即學(xué)即練】Thespeedoftrains________alot,soittakesuslesstimetogotootherplaces.A．isincreasing B．increased C．willincrease D．hasincreased知識點(diǎn)04現(xiàn)在完成時連用的時間狀語【語法詳解】現(xiàn)在完成時是一個與過去和現(xiàn)在都有關(guān)系的時態(tài)，因此，具有這樣時間特點(diǎn)的狀語都可以與現(xiàn)在完成時連用。1.與表示一段時間的狀語連用，如＂for+時間段＂，＂since+時間點(diǎn)＂。如：Wehavelivedinthiscityformorethan40years.我們在這個城市已生活了40多年。Wehavelivedinthiscitysince1958.我們從1958年起就住在這個城市里。從以上兩個例句我們可以看出，與表示一段時間的狀語連用時，謂語動詞常為stay,live,teach,learn,work,sleep,read,wait,keep等具有延續(xù)意義的動詞。2.與籠統(tǒng)地表示過去的時間狀語連用，如already,never,ever,just等。如：I’vejustfoundthislibrarybook.我剛剛找到這本圖書館的書。Howbeautifullyshesings!Ihaveneverheardabettervoice.她唱得多美啊！我還從來沒聽到過比這更優(yōu)美的嗓音。3.與表示包含過去和現(xiàn)在的一整段時間的狀語連用，如lately,recently,inthepastfewyears,thesefewyears,thesedays,uptonow,sofar等。如：Howhaveyoubeenrecently?你近來狀況如何？Thefamouswriterhaswrittenanewbookinthepasttwoyears.那位著名的作家在過去兩年的時間里寫了一本新書。Haveyouseenherparentsthesedays?這些天你看見她的父母了嗎？TheBrownshavevisitedalotofplacesinChinasofar.迄今為止，布朗一家已經(jīng)參觀了中國的許多地方。注意：現(xiàn)在完成時不能與單純表示過去的時間狀語連用，如yesterday,lastweek,in2002,threedaysago等【即學(xué)即練】Thenewrestaurant_______twosurveysonitsfoodandservicesinceJune.A．isdoing B．willdo C．did D．hasdone知識點(diǎn)05現(xiàn)在完成時與一般過去時區(qū)別【語法詳解】1.側(cè)重點(diǎn)不同現(xiàn)在完成時和一般過去時所表示的動作都發(fā)生在過去，但它們所強(qiáng)調(diào)的重點(diǎn)不同：現(xiàn)在完成時側(cè)重于對現(xiàn)在的影響；而一般過去時側(cè)重于某一動作發(fā)生在過去某個時間或某段時間，即現(xiàn)在完成時側(cè)重于現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果，而一般過去時側(cè)重于動作發(fā)生的時間。如：Ihaveseenthefilm.我看過這部電影。（現(xiàn)在我仍記得電影的內(nèi)容）Isawthefilmthreedaysago.三天前我看了這部電影。（強(qiáng)調(diào)是三天前，而不是別的什么時候看的電影）MrGreenhasboughtanewputer.格林先生買了一臺新電腦。（著重點(diǎn)是格林先生現(xiàn)在有了一臺新電腦）MrGreenboughtanewputeryesterday.格林先生昨天買了一臺新電腦。（強(qiáng)調(diào)的是格林先生買新電腦的時間是昨天）2.時間狀語不同現(xiàn)在完成時常與already，yet，just，ever，never，before等副詞以及＂for+段時間＂，＂since+過去時間/從句＂等時間狀語連用；而一般過去時則常與＂時間段+ago＂，justnow，yesterday，lastweek等表示過去的時間狀語連用。如：Shehaslivedheresincetwoyearsago.她兩年前就住在這里了。Shelivedheretwoyearsago.兩年前她住在這里。HehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears.他入團(tuán)已經(jīng)三年了。Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.昨晚湯姆給他的父母寫了封信?！炯磳W(xué)即練】Millie________alotaboutseasaltculturesinceshecametoYancheng.A．learns B．learned C．willlearn D．haslearned考點(diǎn)突破考點(diǎn)突破考點(diǎn)01瞬間動詞變延續(xù)性動詞Iboughtthisdictionarylastyear.(保持句意不變)I________________thisdictionarysincelastyear.【作法】第一步對原文進(jìn)行翻譯：去年我買了這本字典。第二步根據(jù)空后面的sincelastyear可知，用現(xiàn)在完成時；bought買，是瞬間動詞，和sincelastyear連用時，要變成相應(yīng)的延續(xù)性動詞have?，F(xiàn)在完成時的構(gòu)成：主語+have/has+動詞過去分詞，主語I是第一人稱，助動詞用have，have的過去分詞是had。故填have；had。【結(jié)論】瞬間動詞(buy,die,join,lose...)與for或since引導(dǎo)的時間段連用時，要改變成延續(xù)性動詞。變化如下：e/arrive/reach/getto→beingoout→beoutfinish→beoveropen→beopendie→bedeadbuy→haveFallill→beilleback→bebackPuton→beon/wearWorry→beworriedCatchacold→haveacold【典例秒殺】IboughttheiPadlastmonth.(改為同義句)I________theiPadforamonth.HebegantoplayintheNBAtwoyearsago.He________________________NBAplayerfortwoyears.Hisfatherdiedtwoyearsago.(改成現(xiàn)在完成時)Hisfatherhas____________________fortwoyears.Frankboughthisdictionarytwoyearsago.(改為同義句)Frank________________hisdictionaryfortwoyears.考點(diǎn)02have/hasbeen(in),have/hasbeento,have/hasgoneto辨析Onlyasmallnumberofstudents_________aforeigncountryduringthelast10years.A．hasgoneto B．havebeento C．wentto D．goto【作法】第一步對原文進(jìn)行翻譯：在過去的10年里，只有一小部分學(xué)生去過國外。第二步考查時態(tài)。hasgoneto表示去了某地，還沒有回來；havebeento表示去過某地，已經(jīng)回來；wentto去，是一般過去時；goto去，是一般現(xiàn)在時。根據(jù)“duringthelast10years”可知，此處用現(xiàn)在完成時，主語“Onlyasmallnumberofstudents”是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故選B?！窘Y(jié)論】have/hasbeen(in),have/hasbeento,have/hasgonetohavebeen(in)表示“在某地呆了多長時間”，常與時間段狀語連用例：IhavebeeninWeihaifor10years.havebeento表示“曾經(jīng)去過某地”，現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不在那里了，后可接次數(shù)，表示“去過某地幾次”，也可和just，never，ever連用。例：MyfatherhasbeentoAmericatwice.havegoneto表示“到某地去”，說話時該人不在現(xiàn)場。例：Where’sJim?HehasgonetoEngland.【典例秒殺】—Let’sspendthedayattheScienceMuseum.—Great.AlthoughI________thereacoupleoftimes,it’sstillworthvisitingagain.A．havegone B．willbe C．went D．havebeen—WhereisLily?—She________toherhometown.Shewillebackinaweek.A．goes B．hasgone C．hasbeen D．went—WhereisLucy?Ihaven’tseenherfordays.—She________Chengdu.Shewillbebacknextweek.A．hasbeento B．hasgoneto C．havegoneto—Whereareyourparents?

—They________Thailandforameeting.Theywillebackinthreedays.A．havegone B．havebeenin C．havegoneto D．havebeento考點(diǎn)03for和since句的現(xiàn)在完成時—Excuseme,whendidyouleaveyourbirthplace?—InAugust,2012.I________forabouttenyears.A．haveleft B．left C．havebeenaway D．wasaway【作法】第一步對原文進(jìn)行翻譯：——請問，你是什么時候離開出生地的？——2012年8月。我已經(jīng)離開大約十年了。第二步考查時態(tài)與延續(xù)性動詞。根據(jù)“forabouttenyears”可知用現(xiàn)在完成時，排除BD；與時間段連用要用延續(xù)性動詞，排除A。故選C?！窘Y(jié)論】1.for+時間段2.since+過去時間點(diǎn)/時間段+ago/從句(謂語動詞用一般過去式)3.對for/since提問用howlong4.與for/since/howlong連用的動詞一定為延續(xù)性動詞【典例秒殺】—Whatgoodbooksdidyoureadrecently?—I________LearnEnglishTellChina’sStoriessincelastyear,andnowthethirdtime.A．read B．a(chǎn)mreading C．haveread D．hadread—Hi,Tina.It’sbeenthreeweekssinceIlastsawyourcutepetdog.—Shehas________forhalfamonth,butIcanstillfeelherbymyside.A．beendying B．beendead C．diedGreatchanges________inChinasincethereformandopeningup40yearsago.A．tookoff B．takesplace C．weretakenplace D．havetakenplace—Howlonghastheforeigner________here?—Hehas________hereforseveralhours.A．a(chǎn)rrived;e B．stayed;been C．been;got D．left;beenaway考點(diǎn)04it引導(dǎo)的現(xiàn)在完成時從句—Howdoyoulikethisplaceofinterest?—ItisthefirsttimeinmylifethatI________suchawonderfulscenery（風(fēng)景）.A．saw B．hadseen C．haveseen D．see【作法】第一步對原文進(jìn)行翻譯：——你認(rèn)為這個名勝古跡怎么樣嗎？——我有生以來第一次看到如此美妙的風(fēng)景。第二步考查時態(tài)。根據(jù)“ItisthefirsttimeinmylifethatI...suchawonderfulscenery”可知此處是過去的動作對現(xiàn)在的影響，用現(xiàn)在完成時have/hasdone。故選C?！窘Y(jié)論】1)It’sthe1st/2nd/3rdtimethat+完成時eg.It’sthesecondtimethatIhavevisitedthisplace.2)It’s/thisis/thatis+最高級＋that+完成時eg.It’sthemostwonderfulmoviethey’veeverseen.3)it’s/ithasbeen…yearssince…=…yearshaspassedsince…eg.Itis/hasbeenfiveyearssinceheleftschool.=Fiveyearshaspassedsinceheleftschool.【典例秒殺】—It’sbeen10yearssincewecamehere.—Howtimeflies!We________inChinaforsolong.A．a(chǎn)reworking B．haveworked C．workedIt________thefirsttimethat________NewYork,becausethereisaphotoofhiminfrontoftheEmpireStateBuildinghanginginhisroom.is;Byronhasbeenin B．isn’t;Byronhasgoneto C．is;Byronhasbeenfor D．isn’t;Byronhasbeento—Longtimenosee!—Oh!It________tenyearssincewemeteachotherlasttime.A．was B．were C．hasbeen D．havebeenItisthemostbeautifulparkIhave_____visited.A．ever B．yet C．never D．a(chǎn)lready小試牛刀小試牛刀1．（2022·江蘇南通·模擬預(yù)測）—Ittakesagestofindyou.Whereareyou?—Whatashame!I________athomebecauseofbeingcloselyconnectedwiththeCovid19carrier.A．willbe B．havebeen C．stayed D．willstay2．（2022·江蘇鎮(zhèn)江·模擬預(yù)測）—You’relate.ThefilmTheBattleatLakeChangjin_________fortwentyminutes.—Sorry,Ijustansweredacallfrommum.A．began B．wason C．hasbegun D．hasbeenon3．（2022·江蘇宿遷·三模）—Daniel,whyareyoustillhere?Schoolisoverforhalfanhour.—BecauseI________mytaskyet.Istillneedonemorehour.A．won’tfinish B．didn’tfinishC．haven’tfinished D．wouldn’tfinish4．（2022·遼寧遼陽·一模）Mygrandparents________forover50yearsandtheyloveeachotherverymuch.A．havebeenmarried B．gotmarriedC．weremarried D．havemarried5．（2022·河北·育華中學(xué)一模）Tom__________morethan100stones.Let’sgoandhavealooknow.A．wascollecting B．hascollected C．iscollecting D．willcollect6．（2022·湖北·鄂州市鄂城區(qū)教學(xué)研究室模擬預(yù)測）—TheGrandpaYuanLongping_______foroneyear.—Year,peopleallovertheworldwillmisshimforever.A．died B．hasbeendead C．dies D．wasdying7．（2022·四川達(dá)州·模擬預(yù)測）—Mum,whereisDavid?—He________toseethesciencefictionfilmBacktotheFuture.A．isgoing B．goesinhalfanhour C．hasgone D．wasgoing8．（2022·山東·曹縣教學(xué)研究室二模）—Iseveryonehere,Jonathan?—No,Sir.Millieisabsent.She________fortwodays.A．hasfallenill B．hasbeenill C．wasill9．（2022·湖北孝感·模擬預(yù)測）—Theputerlookssoold.Whendidyoubuyit?—Myfather________itfortenyears.A．hashad B．hasbought C．havehad D．havebought10．（2022·湖北武漢·三模）InthepastyearsthedevelopmentoftheOpticsValley（光谷）________Wuhanatopcity.A．makes B．made C．hasmade D．willmake11．（2022·湖北武漢·模擬預(yù)測）ThedevelopmentoftheOpticsValley(光谷)________Wuhanatopcityinthepastyears.A．makes B．willmake C．hadmade D．hasmade12．（2022·湖北恩施·三模）TikTok________increasinglyweleamongpeopleofallagessofar.A．hadbee B．became C．hasbee13．（2022·湖北·武漢一初慧泉中學(xué)模擬預(yù)測）—ThedevelopmentoftheITindustry________Shenzhenatopcityinthepastyears.—Nowondermoreandmoreyoungpeoplehuntjobsthere.A．made B．hasmade C．willmake D．makes14．（2022·湖北武漢·模擬預(yù)測）ThedevelopmentofHanyang__________Wuhanabeautifulcityinthepastyears.A．makes B．made C．hasmade D．willmake15．（2022·遼寧丹東·模擬預(yù)測）Hepromisedtobehereat2o’clock.However,he________yet.A．didn’tarrive B．isn’tarriving C．hasn’tarrived D．won’tarrive16．（2022·河北·館陶縣教師發(fā)展中心二模）Wehaven’tseeneachotherforsuchalongtime.You________alot.A．a(chǎn)rechanging B．havechanged C．change D．changed17．（2022·河北·石家莊市第四十二中學(xué)模擬預(yù)測）Alice________morethan300beautifulleaves.Wecan’twaittoseethem.A．collect B．collected C．willcollect D．hascollected18．（2022·河北·模擬預(yù)測）Therobothelpsmecleanthefloorandit________agoodhelperinmylife.A．willbee B．isbeing C．hasbee D．wasbeing19．（2022·廣西貴港·三模）—Bobhasn’tbeenbacktohishometown________heleft.Whereishenow?—Sorry.Idon’tknow.A．since B．until C．when D．because20．（2022·河北·新河縣教師發(fā)展中心一模）Lookatthewhitecloudsandbluesky.Therain________.A．wasstopping B．willstop C．hasstopped D．stops直擊中考直擊中考21．（2022·四川·巴中市教育科學(xué)研究所中考真題）—It’sreportedthatanewhighspeedrailwaywillbefinishedinrecentyearsinourhometown,Bazhong.—Yes.Greatchanges________sinceIworkedhere.A．willtakeplace B．weretakenplace C．havetakenplace D．tookplace22．（2022·黑龍江黑龍江·中考真題）Thepublicplaces,suchasrestaurantsandcinemas,________sinceCOVID19sweptthecityagainlastmonth.A．havebeenclosed B．haveclosed C．closed23．（2022·貴州黔東南·中考真題）—Where’sMr.Yang?—He________LongquanMountaininDanzhai.He_______therethreetimesbecauseheenjoysthelocalscenery.A．hasgoneto;hasbeen B．hasgoneto;hasgonetoC．hasbeento;hasgone D．hasbeento;hasbeento24．（2022·黑龍江齊齊哈爾·中考真題）Sofar,redtourism(旅游業(yè))________quicklyandit’sbeingmoreandmorepopular.A．developed B．willdevelop C．hasdeveloped25．（2022·海南·中考真題）We________eachothersincewemetinthelastsummercamp.A．won’tsee B．haven’tseen C．didn’tsee26．（2022·福建·中考真題）Since2021,ourschool________allkindsofafterschoolservicesforstudents.A．provides B．isproviding C．hasprovided27．（2022·湖北湖北·中考真題）—Yourwatchisreallyold.—Yes,I________itsinceIwassix.A．have B．willhave C．havehad D．a(chǎn)mhaving28．（2022·四川·涼山彝族自治州教育科學(xué)研究所中考真題）—Ihaven’tseenLiMingfordays.Why?—He________Beijing.Hewillebacknextmonth.A．hasbeento B．hasgoneto C．willgoto29．（2022·湖北十堰·中考真題）Sincehewasalittleboy,he________inlovewithmusic.A．is B．was C．hasbeen D．hadbeen30．（2022·湖北武漢·中考真題）—Congratulations!You________bigprogressinthelastthreeyears.—Thankyou,Mr.Li.I’llneverforgetthegoodtimesinJuniorHigh.A．make B．made C．havemade D．willmake31．（2022·江蘇揚(yáng)州·中考真題）—MayIspeaktoWangLi?—Sorry,sheisnotathome.