備戰(zhàn)2025年高考二輪復(fù)習(xí) 英語 閱讀理解 考點(diǎn)分類練9　詞句猜測(cè)題（3）（含解析）

考點(diǎn)分類練(九)詞句猜測(cè)題(3)Passage1(2024山東德州一模)主題:英文句子詞數(shù):372難度:★★☆☆☆ThinkyouhaveagoodgraspofEnglish?Good.Readthesixsentencesbelow,then.Sentence1:Theoldmantheboat.Sentence2:ThecottonclothingismadeofgrowsinMississippi.Sentence3:Timeflieslikeanarrow;fruitflieslikeabanana.Sentence4:Fatpeopleeatcollects.Sentence5:Themanwhohuntsducksoutonweekends.Sentence6:Thecomplexhousesmarriedandsinglesoldiersandtheirfamilies.Linguists(語言學(xué)家)callthese“gardenpathsentences”,whichtakeyoubythehandandleadyoudownawindingpathtoadeadend.Despitethis,they’reallgrammaticallycorrect.Let’sseewhy.Sentence1:Theoldmantheboat.BesidessoundinglikearejectedHemingwaytitle,thissentenceisindeedgrammaticallycorrectthankstosomewell-placedhomonyms—wordsthatsharethesamespellingsbuthavedifferentmeanings.Homonym1hereis“old”,usedasanoun,meaning“oldpeople”;homonym2is“man”,usedasaverb,meaning“toservein/on”.Withthatinmind,thesentencemeans“Theoldpeopleserveontheboat.”Sentence2:ThecottonclothingismadeofgrowsinMississippi.Atfirstread,you’dthink“ismadeof”isthemainverbofthissentence.Butit’snot.Thesimplestformofthissentenceis“ThecottongrowsinMississippi”;confusingly,“clothingismadeof”isusedtotelluswhatcottonwe’retalkingabout.Thissentencewouldmakewaymoresenseifwritten“ThecottonthatclothingismadeofgrowsinMississippi”,butEnglishallowsustoremovecertainconjunctionslike“that”,withitsmeaningmaintained.Sentence3:Timeflieslikeanarrow;fruitflieslikeabanana.Thefirsthalfofthissentenceiseasytocatch.Sowhendealingwiththeotherhalf,peopleusuallyfollowthestructureofthefirsthalf,andit’dbeunderstoodas“fruitsflylikebananas”.Thisisobviouslyunreasonable.Onlywhenpeoplerethinkcantheyrecognizethetruemeaningofthesentence.Therefore,suchsentencesmanagetomakepeopleignorethestructureofthesentenceitself,thusdepartingfromitsoriginalmeaning.Comeon!Takeawalkdownthegardenpathwiththerestofthesentences.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了對(duì)特殊的英文句子的理解。1.What’sthecharacteristicof“gardenpathsentences”accordingtolinguists?A.Misleadingbuterror-free.B.Accurateandplain.C.Improperly-wordedandmeaningless.D.Ungrammaticalbutcomprehensible.答案A解析推理判斷題。由文章第八段“Linguistscallthese‘gardenpathsentences’,whichtakeyoubythehandandleadyoudownawindingpathtoadeadend.Despitethis,they’reallgrammaticallycorrect.Let’sseewhy.”可知,這些句子的特點(diǎn)是誤導(dǎo)但沒有錯(cuò)誤。2.Whichwordisanexamplesimilartothehomonymof“man”insentence1?A.“grows”insentence2.B.“eat”insentence4.C.“hunts”insentence5.D.“houses”insentence6.答案D解析推理判斷題。由文章第一個(gè)標(biāo)題“Sentence1:Theoldmantheboat.”下的“Homonym1hereis‘old’,usedasanoun,meaning‘oldpeople’;homonym2is‘man’,usedasaverb,meaning‘toservein/on’.”和第七段“Sentence6:Thecomplexhousesmarriedandsinglesoldiersandtheirfamilies.”可知,第6句中的“houses”可以是名詞“房子”,本句中用作動(dòng)詞“給(某人)提供住處”與第1句中“man”都是具有名詞詞性,在句子中用作動(dòng)詞。3.Whichofthefollowingcorrectlyinterprets“fruitflieslikeabanana”insentence3?A.“fruitflies”referstoasortofinsect.B.“flies”servesastheverbofthesentence.C.“flieslike”explainswhatfruitistalkedabout.D.“l(fā)ike”hasthesamemeaningasthe“l(fā)ike”beforeit.答案A解析詞句猜測(cè)題。由文章第三個(gè)標(biāo)題“Sentence3:Timeflieslikeanarrow;fruitflieslikeabanana.”下的內(nèi)容可知,句子應(yīng)該理解為“fruitflies”為句子主語,意為“果蠅”,指的是一種昆蟲;謂語是“l(fā)ike”意為“喜歡”;賓語是“abanana”,意為“香蕉”。4.Whatcanbethetroublemakerinsentence4?A.Theill-placedverbs.B.Theremovalof“that”.C.Thegrammarmistakes.D.Thelackofnounbehind“collects”.答案B解析推理判斷題。由文章第五段中“Sentence4:Fatpeopleeatcollects.”可知,people前省略了that,thatpeopleeat為定語從句,修飾先行詞Fat,“Fat”此處作名詞,意為“脂肪;肥肉”,所以“that”的省略導(dǎo)致句子不好理解。Passage2(2024貴州貴陽一模)主題:蜜蜂詞數(shù):303難度:★★★☆☆Beesaremorethanjusthoney-makers.Theyareessentialpollinators(傳粉者)thathelpmaintainthebalanceofourecosystemsandthediversityofourcrops.BeesareamongthemostdiverseandplentifulinsectsonEarth,withover20,000speciesworldwide.TheybelongtotheorderHymenoptera(膜翅目昆蟲),whichalsoincludeswasps,ants,andsawflies.Beeshaveevolvedtofeedonnectar(花蜜)andpollenfromflowers,andindoingso,theytransferpollenfromoneflowertoanother,enablingfertilization(受精)andreproduction.Thisprocess,calledpollination,isessentialforthesurvivalofmanyplants,especiallythosethatproducefruits,nuts,seeds,andvegetablesthatweeat.AccordingtotheFoodandAgricultureOrganization(FAO),beesandotherpollinatorsaffect35%ofglobalagriculturalland,supportingtheproductionof87%oftheleadingfoodcropsworldwide.Pollinationalsoenhancesthequalityandquantityofthecrops,aswellastheirresistancetopestsanddiseases.Withoutbeesandotherpollinators,ourfoodsupplyandourbiodiversitywouldbeatrisk.Unfortunately,beesarefacingmanythreats,suchashabitatloss,pesticideuse,climatechange,diseases,andinvasivespecies.TheFAOestimatesthat16.5%ofvertebrate(脊椎動(dòng)物)pollinatorsand40%ofinvertebratepollinators,suchasbees,arefacingextinction.Thiscouldhaveseriousconsequencesforourfoodsecurity,ourlivelihoods,andourenvironment.Therefore,itisimportanttoprotectthebeesandtheirhabitats,andtoraiseawarenessabouttheirroleandvalue.Onewaytoappreciateandsupportthebeesistolearnhowtoidentifythemandobservetheirbehavior.Youmightbesurprisedbythediversityandbeautyofthebeesthatvisityourbackyard,garden,orbalcony.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了蜜蜂不僅是蜂蜜制造者,更是至關(guān)重要的傳粉者,對(duì)于維護(hù)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)平衡、豐富農(nóng)作物多樣性起著不可或缺的作用,同時(shí)指出蜜蜂面臨的生存挑戰(zhàn)及保護(hù)蜜蜂的緊迫性。5.Whyarepollinatorsimportant?A.Theyhelpthebeesfertilize.B.Theykeepthecropsdiverse.C.Theysupportthebeestomakehoney.D.Theyprotectinsectssuchaswasps.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段的“Beesaremorethanjusthoney-makers.Theyareessentialpollinatorsthathelpmaintainthebalanceofourecosystemsandthediversityofourcrops.”可知,傳粉昆蟲很重要是因?yàn)樗鼈冊(cè)诰S持生態(tài)系統(tǒng)平衡和農(nóng)作物多樣性方面至關(guān)重要。6.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.Howpollinationworks.B.Howtheflowersattractbees.C.Howthebeesreproduce.D.Howtheplantsproducefruits.答案A解析主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容可知,第二段主要介紹了蜜蜂通過取食花蜜和花粉進(jìn)行傳粉,從而幫助植物受精和繁殖的過程,即“傳粉是如何運(yùn)作的”。7.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“This”inparagraph5probablyreferto?A.Climatechange.B.Pesticideuse.C.Pollinators’survivalcrisis.D.Bees’habitatloss.答案C解析詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第五段的“TheFAOestimatesthat16.5%ofvertebratepollinatorsand40%ofinvertebratepollinators,suchasbees,arefacingextinction.”可知,蜜蜂和其他傳粉者面臨滅絕的危機(jī),“這種危機(jī)”可能導(dǎo)致嚴(yán)重的后果,因此,“This”指代的是“傳粉者生存危機(jī)”。8.Whichwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Aduty:ProtectBees’HabitatB.AMeans:ObserveBees’BehaviourC.Bees:MaintainersoftheEcosystemD.Bees:ConsumersattheTopoftheFoodChain答案C解析主旨大意題。通讀全文,尤其根據(jù)第一段以及倒數(shù)第二段內(nèi)容可知,文章主要圍繞蜜蜂作為生態(tài)系統(tǒng)維護(hù)者的核心角色展開,論述了其傳粉功能對(duì)農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)、生物多樣性和環(huán)境穩(wěn)定性的重大意義,同時(shí)指出蜜蜂面臨的生存挑戰(zhàn)及其保護(hù)的緊迫性。所以“蜜蜂:生態(tài)系統(tǒng)維護(hù)者”適合作本文的標(biāo)題。Passage3(2024四川成都二模)主題:保護(hù)個(gè)人隱私詞數(shù):303難度:★★★☆☆There’sanenormousamountofpersonalhealthinformationpeoplenowfeedortapintodigitalmonitors,healthapps,searchenginesandotheronlinetools.Ifthesameinformationwereprovidedinyourdoctor’soffice,yourprivacywouldbesafeguarded.Butthat’snothowthedigitizedhealthworldworks.Instead,wehaveanecosystemofabuseinwhichhealthtechnologycompaniesoperatelargelyoutsidethelawthatrequiresdoctorsandothermedicalpersonnel,hospitalsandinsurerstoprotectanindividual’shealthinformation.Thatmeanstechnologycompaniescan—anddo—digyourdigitaldataforcluesaboutyourhealthstatus,accessinginformationlikeprescriptionsyouhavepurchasedandotherhealthservicesyoumighthavesought,andpotentiallylinkthisinformationtoyourname,address,emailaddressandotherpersonallyidentifyinginformation.ThedatacanthenbeusedbyplatformsincludingMetaandGoogletohelpadvertiserstargetpromotionsorothercommunicationstoyou.It’sagapingholeinhealthprivacyprotectionsthatcomesfromtheprivacylaw,whichprotectsinteractionsbetweenpatients,medicalprofessionalsandinsurersbutdoesnot,inmostcases,protectpatienthealthdatathatisrecordedonnewtechnologies.Closingthepatientprivacygapcan-andshould-beapriorityforlawmakers.Theconsequencesofdigitalexposureforthoseseekingreproductiveserviceshavedrawnsignificantconcernandattention.Theseworriesarereasonable.Butreproductivecareisonlyoneareaofhealthserviceswhereprivatepatientinformationisdigitallydisclosed.Therefore,lawmakersmusttakeactiontoprotecttheprivacyofpeoplewhoarenowonlineforallmannersofpersonal,professionalandotherreasons.Untilthen,anarrowlytargetedapproachthatprotectshealthprivacymaybepoliticallyeasiertocomeintoeffect.Theexplosionofdigitalhealthtechnologyandthedramaticincreaseinitsuseinthepastfewyearsrequireitgreatly.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要圍繞數(shù)字化健康世界中個(gè)人隱私保護(hù)的問題展開論述,分析了當(dāng)前健康技術(shù)公司在處理個(gè)人健康信息時(shí)存在的法律漏洞和濫用現(xiàn)象,并強(qiáng)調(diào)了立法者需要采取行動(dòng)來保護(hù)個(gè)人隱私的重要性。9.Whatcanwelearnaboutthepresentsituationofthedigitizedhealthworld?A.Personalhealthdataisusedforotherpurposes.B.Personalhealthinformationisdifficulttoidentify.C.Targetedpromotionsareusedtoimprovepeople’shealth.D.Medicalpersonnelprotectthepersonalhealthinformationwell.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段和第三段內(nèi)容可知,現(xiàn)在我們的個(gè)人健康信息沒有得到應(yīng)有的保護(hù),這些數(shù)據(jù)反而被包括Meta和谷歌在內(nèi)的平臺(tái)使用,以幫助廣告商向你定向促銷或其他通信。10.Wh