英文音標教學

匯報人：xxx20xx-04-10英文音標教學目錄CONTENTSBasicConceptsandClassificationofPhoneticAlphabetVowelPromotionTechniquesPronunciationtechniquesforconsonantsMasteringtherulesofwordstressandrhythm目錄CONTENTSAnalysisofthephenomenaoflinking,weakreading,andassessmentPracticalexercisesandimprovementstrategies01BasicConceptsandClassificationofPhoneticAlphabetDefinitionandFunctionofPhoneticAlphabetPhoneticalphabetisasetofsymbolsusedtorepresentthesoundsofalanguageItisatoolfordescribingandtransmittingspeechsoundsPhoneticalphabetplaysacriticalroleinlanguagelearning,speechtherapy,andlinguisticresearchIPAisaninternationalstandardfortelephonetranscription,usedbyLinguistsworldwideAPAisavariantofthetelephonealphabetusedprimarilyintheUnitedStatesBothIPAandAPAservethesamepurposeofrepresentingspeechsounds,buttheydifferinsymbolusageandpromotiondetailsComparisonbetweenInternationalPhoneticAlphabet(IPA)andAmericanPhoneticAlphabet(APA)UnderstandingpromotionorganizationsandprinciplesareessentialforlearningandteachingtelephonealphabetseffectivelyPronunciationorganizationsrefertothephysicalstructuresinvolvedinspeechproduction,suchasthelips,tongue,tea,andthroatPromotionprinciplesaretherulesandguidelinesthatgovernhowspeechsoundsareproducedandperceivedIntroductiontoPromotionOrganizationsandPromotionPrinciplesVowelsSymbolsthatrepresentvoicesounds,suchas/a/,/e/,/i/,/o/,/u/ConsonantsSymbolsthatrepresentconsistentsounds,suchas/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,/g/DiagnosisAdditionalsymbolsthatattachtovotersorindividualstoindicatechangesinsoundqualityorpromotion,suchasnasalization,invoicing,andaspirationUnderstandingCommonPhoneticAlphabetSymbolsStressandintegrationsymbolsSymbolsthatindicatestressandintegrationpatternsinpromotion,whichareimportantforunderstandingspeechrhythmandmemoryUnderstandingCommonPhoneticAlphabetSymbols02VowelPromotionTechniquesPrevotes,alsoknownasfrontvotes,areproposedbypositioningthetonguetowardsthefrontofthemouthExamplesofprevotesinclude/i:/asin"feel,"/?/Asin"fill,"/e/asin"bed,"and/?/asin"bad."Topromoteprevowelscorrectly,it'simportanttorelaxthejawandlipswhilepositioningthetonguecorrectlyCommonmisseswhenpromotingprevotesincludeusingtoomuchtensioninthejaworlips,orpositioningthetonguetoofarbackinthesouthPromotionmethodsandexamplesofprevotes輸入標題02010403PromotionMethodsandExamplesofMiddleVowelsMiddlevowelsarepromotedbypositioningthetongueinthemiddleofthesouthCommonmisseswhenpromotingmiddlevotesincludetensethejaworlips,orpositioningthetonguetoofarforwardorbackinthesouthTopromotemiddlevotescorrectly,it'simportanttokeepthejawandlipsrelaxedandthetonguepositionedcorrectlyExamplesofmiddlevotesinclude/?:/Asin"fern,"/?/Asin"button,"and/?/Asin"about."Postvotes,alsoknownasbackvotes,areproposedbypositioningthetonguetowardsthebackofthemouthTopromotepostvotescorrectly,it'simportanttokeepthejawrelaxedandthetonguepositionedcorrectlyExamplesofpostvotesinclude/ɑ:/Asin"car,"/?/Asin"cut,"/?:/Asin"law,"and/u:/asin"blue."Commonmisseswhenpromotingpostvotesincludetensethejaw,orpositioningthetonguetoofarforwardinthesouthPromotionmethodsandexamplesofpostvotesDiphthongsarevowelsoundsthataremadeupoftwovowelspromotedtogetherExamplesofdiphthongsinclude/e?/Asin"face,"/a?/Asin"price,"/??/Asin"boy,"and/a?/Asin"house."Topromotediphthongscorrectly,it'simportanttoblendthetwovowelsoundssmoothlytogetherCommonmisseswhenproposinghypothesesincludeseparatingthetwovowelsoundsorproposingthemwithequalemphasisinmindofblendingthemtogetherThepromotionmethodandexamplesofdiphthongs03PronunciationtechniquesforconsonantsExploratoryconsultantsarepromotingbystoppingtheairflowinthesouthandthenreleasingitrecentlyThetongue,tea,andlipsareusedtocreatethestoppagePronunciationmethodSomemonexploratoryindividualsinEnglishinclude/p/,/b/,/t/,/d/,/k/,and/g/Forexample,theword"pop"beginswiththeexploratoryconsonant/p/,andtheword"table"containstheexploratoryconsonant/t/ExamplesThepromotionmethodandexamplesofexploratoryindividualsPronunciationmethodFrictionalconsultantsarepromotingbycreatinganarrowchannelinthesouththatallowstheairflowtopassthroughwithfrictionThetongue,tea,andlipsarepositionedtocreatethisfrictionExamplesCommonfrictionalconsultantsinEnglishinclude/f/,/v/,/s/,/z//θ/,And/e/.Forinstance,theword"fan"beginswiththelegalconsultant/f/,andtheword"vision"containsthelegalconsultant/s/MethodsandExamplesofPronunciationofFrictionalConsonantsPronunciationmethodFricativeconsultantsareatypeofconsultantthatisproposedbypartiallyconstructingtheairflowinthesouth,creatingahissingorbuzzingsoundThetongueisplacedclosedtotheteaortheroofofthemouthtocreatetheconstructionExamplesInEnglish,monfrictionalconsultantsinclude/?/,/?/,/H/,and/r/Forexample,theword"ship"containsthefrictionalconsonant/?/,Andtheword"gene"containsthefrictionalconsonant/?/.PronunciationmethodsandexamplesoffrictionalindividualsIntroductiontoNasalandLingualConsonantsNasalconsultantsarepromotingbyallowingtheairflowtopassthroughthenosewhilethemouthisclosedInEnglish,thenasalconsultantsinclude/m/,/n/,and/?/.Forinstance,theword"moon"containsthenasalconsonant/m/NasalconsultantsLingualconsultantsareproposedbyusingthetonguetocreateapartialconstructioninthesouth,allowingtheairflowtopassoveroraroundthetongueCommonlinguisticconsultantsinEnglishinclude/l/and/r/Theword"light"containsthelinguisticconsonant/l/Lingualconsultants04MasteringtherulesofwordstressandrhythmListeningforstresspatterns01Identifyingwhichvegetablesreceivemoreemphasisinaword'spromotionUnderstandingvotereduction02RecognizingwhenvotesareraisedmorequicklyandwithlessemphasisinunstressedsyndromeRecognizingwordfamilies03Groupingwordstogetherbasedonsimilarstresspatterns,suchasnounsendingin"-tion"orverbsendingin"-ate."SkillsforJudgingWordStressSentencestressrulesDeterminingwhichwordstoemphasizeinasensebasedontheirimportanceandcontextUsingintroductiontounderstandmeaningVaryingthepitchandvolumeofyourvoicetoindicatedifferentemotions,attributes,orquestionsPracticingrhythmicspeechSpeakingwithanaturalrhythmandspacethatmakesiteasierforlistenerstounderstandandfollowalongThelawofwordstressinsensesTheapplicationofrhythmandintroductioninoralcommunicationCombiningwordstress,rhythm,andintroductiontoengageeffectivelyinconversationalEnglishMasteringtheartofconversationUsingrhythmicpatternstohelpwiththepromotionofindividualsoundsandsyndromeImprovingpromotionthroughrhythmEmployingintegrationtohelpunderstandthemeaningofpresence,specificallywhenspeakingquicklyorwithastrongaccountEnhancingprehensionwithintegration05Analysisofthephenomenaoflinking,weakreading,andassessmentConnectedreadingreferstothesmoothtransitionbetweensoundsandwordswhenspeakingEnglish,whichisachievedbylinkingsoundstogetherForinstance,inthephrase"Iam,"thesoundof"I"and"am"arelinkedtogether,formingasmoothtransitionbetweenthetwowordsAnotherexampleistheword"to"inthephrase"wantto,"wherethe"t"soundisoftenlinkedwiththefollowingwordConnectedreadingimprovesfluencyandnaturalnessinEnglishspeech,makingiteasierforlistenerstounderstandandfollowtheconversationConnectedReadingDefinitionExamplesofConnectedReadingImportanceofConnectedReadingThephenomenonofconnectedreadingandanalysisofexamplesWeekReadingDefinitionWeekreadingoccurrenceswhenreceivingsoundsorsyndromeinawordarepronouncedwithlessemphasisorstrengththanothers,bothduetotheinfluenceofneighboringsoundsExamplesofWeekReadingIntheword"photography,"thesounds"ph"and"gr"areoftenweakened,withtheemphasisplacedonthe"o"and"graph"partsofthewordSimilarly,intheword"elephant,"the"e"soundisoftenweakImportanceofWeekReadingWeekreadinghelpstocreateamorerhythmicandnaturalflowofspeech,aswellastodifferentiatebetweenstressedandunstressedsyntaxinwordsWeakReadingPhenomenonandExampleAnalysisAssignmentDefinitionAssignmentisacellularprocessinwhichonesoundisinfluencedbyanadjacentsound,oftenresultinginachangeinthepromotionofthefirstsoundExamplesofAssistanceAmonexampleofassessmentisthepromotionoftheword"