《中西文化比較（英文版）（第2版）》unit 9 The Chinese and Western Music

中西文化比較TheComparisonbetweenChineseandWesternCulture

Unit9TheChineseandWestern

MusicBackgroundAbout3,000yearsago,completemusicaltheoriesandsophisticatedmusicalinstrumentsbegantoappearinChina.ChinesemusicisthebodyofvocalandinstrumentalmusiccomposedandplayedbyChinesepeople.Overalonghistory,Chinesecreatedamarvelouscultureofmusicwhichalsohadafar-reachinginfluenceonthecountry’sneighboringareas.Westernmusicrejectsexcessiveemotionalexpressionandrequirescalmconstraints.Itisopposedtotheexpansionofsubjectiveconsciousnessandadvocatesobjectivestability,withmoreemphasisonthecontradictoryconflict.VocabularyExtensionTextA

Notes1.acrobaticsv.

theskillsofanacrobat①Ananimalcanbeagoodacrobatiftrainedproperly.如果訓(xùn)練適當(dāng)，動物也可以成為一個(gè)好的雜技表演者。②Doingacrobaticsisaveryhardjobanditusuallystartsfromveryyoungage.

從事雜技表演時(shí)一項(xiàng)非常艱苦的工作，而且一般要從很小的時(shí)候開始訓(xùn)練。TextA

Notes2.troupen.

agroupofperformerssuchassingersordancerswhoworkandtraveltogether①SometroupelogostakeChineseculturalelements.一些藝術(shù)團(tuán)的徽標(biāo)采用了中國文化元素。②BerlinPhiharmonicOrchestra,foundedin1882,hasbeenthetopofmusic

troupeintheworld.德國愛樂樂團(tuán)，成立于1882年，一直穩(wěn)坐世界樂團(tuán)的頭把交椅。

TextA

Notes3.melody

n.

atune,oftenformingpartofalargerpieceofmusic①Apieceofbeautifulmelodyisstrongerthanmanywordsto

easeone’semotions.一段優(yōu)美的旋律比話語更能安撫一個(gè)人的情緒。②Jane:Stillrememberthemelody?Jack:Ofcourse.Thatwasmyfavoriteinhighschool.TextA

Notes4.squatv.

topositionyourselfclosetothegroundbalancingonthefrontpartofyourfeetwithyourlegsbentunderyourbody①TheAsiansquattingpositionisunbelievablyhardforAmericans.美國人根本做不出亞洲蹲的姿勢。②BeijingOperaperformersinAttheCrossroadshouldfinishmany

fightingactionsinasquattingposition.京劇曲目《三岔口》的演員需要用下蹲的姿勢完成很多打斗的動作。TextA

Notes5.dazzlingadj.

①extremelyattractiveorexciting②(oflight)sobrightthatyou

cannotseeforashorttimeafter

lookingatit①Adazzlinglightshowopenedthefirstpageofanewyear.炫目的燈光秀開啟了新的一年。②NamstoLakeinTibet

offerspeopledazzlingnaturalbeauty.西藏的納木錯(cuò)湖讓人們看到炫目的自然之美。TextA

Notes6.glissandon.

arapidseriesofascendingordescendingnotesonthemusicalscale①Glissandoisatypeofskillwhenplayingthemusicalinstruments.滑音是演奏樂器的一種技巧。

②WhiletheshiftintheMongolianlifestylegraduallytookplaceduring

the7thtothe17thcentury,ashifttoanewgenreoffolkmusicwith

glissandosandtrillsalsotookplace.七到十七世紀(jì)期間，蒙古人的生活方式慢慢發(fā)生了變化，帶有滑

音和顫音的新的音樂風(fēng)格也隨之產(chǎn)生。TextA

Notes7.

coloraturan.ornamentalpassages,roulades（顫音）,embellishments,etc.,invocalmusic①Practicingcoloraturaisonewayofimprovingsingingskills.練習(xí)花腔是提高歌唱技巧的方法。②Therearemanycoloraturapartsinthisoperaandtheyarealsothemost

attractiveparts.這個(gè)歌劇中有很多花腔，而這也是這個(gè)歌劇最吸引人的地方。TextA

Notes8.

preservev.

tokeepsomethingasitis,especiallyinordertopreventitfromdecayingorbeingdamagedordestroyed①Intangibleculturalheritagesofourcountryshouldbepreservedintactforthe

futuregenerationstoappreciateandenjoy.我們應(yīng)該保護(hù)好我國的非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)，我們的后代子孫才有機(jī)會欣賞。②Whileimprovingthecityfacilities,theuniquecharacterofitshouldbepreserved.

在改善城市設(shè)施的同時(shí)應(yīng)注意保護(hù)該市獨(dú)有的特點(diǎn)。TextA

Notes9.renownedadj.

①TheLeaningTowerofPisaisoneofthemost

renownedsitesforsightseeinginItaly.比薩斜塔是意大利最著名的景點(diǎn)之一。famousforsomething②YingxianWoodenPagoda,builtin1056inthe

LiaoDynastyisrenownedforbeingtheworld’s

oldestandtallestwoodenpagoda.

始建于1056年的遼代的應(yīng)縣木塔因其是世界

上最古老、最高的木塔而馳名。TextA

Notes10.

polyphonicadj.

consistingofseveraldifferenttunesthatareplayedorsungatthesametime,orrelatingtoorproducingsuchasound①Bach’sTwo-PartInventionsisaseriesofpolyphonicmusic.巴赫的《二部創(chuàng)意曲》是一系列的復(fù)調(diào)的曲子。②Virtually,allRomanticmusicisinthestrictestsensepolyphonic.事實(shí)上，所有的浪漫音樂都是最嚴(yán)格意義上的復(fù)調(diào)音樂。TextA

KeySentences1.WhenitcomestothemysteryandcharmofancientChina,fewartformscanbecomparedtoChineseopera.Itisrecognizedasauniqueandsupremeexampleoftotaltheatre,requiringthemostprofoundrefinementofskillsinsinging,acting,dialogue,dance,martialarts,andacrobatics.becomparedto比作Thiscouplewascomparedtothebutterflylovers.這對夫妻被比作梁山伯與祝英臺。becomparedwith和……相比Comparedwiththestatisticslastyear,wehadabetterresultthisyear.和去年的數(shù)據(jù)相比，今年更有成果。TextA

KeySentences2.

Whatappealstoforeignersmostmightbethedifferentstylesoffacialmake-upwhichisoneofthehighlightsandrequiresdistinctivetechniquesofpaintings.Exaggerateddesignsarepaintedoneachperformer’sfacetosymbolizeacharacter’spersonality,role,andfate.appealto吸引Ourcompanywantstoappealtolike-mindedpeopletosupporttheprojectanddosomethingforthecommunity.我們公司想要吸引志同道合的人，支持我們的計(jì)劃，為社區(qū)做點(diǎn)事情。Cultural

tip:

內(nèi)行的觀眾從臉譜上就可以分辨出這個(gè)角色是英雄還是壞人，聰明還是愚蠢，受人愛戴還是使人厭惡。京劇那迷人的臉譜在中國戲劇無數(shù)臉部化妝中占有特殊的地位。京劇臉譜以“象征性”和“夸張性”著稱。它通過運(yùn)用夸張和變形的圖形來展示角色的性格特征。TextA

KeySentences3.

In2009,UNESCOofficiallylistedtheDongGrandChoirperformancesasaWorldIntangibleCulturalHeritage.Duringsomefestivals,thevillagersgathertoperformDongplaysaccompaniedbyplayingLushengflutes,dancing,andsinging.

2009年，侗族大歌被列為世界非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)。節(jié)日期間，村民們會聚到一起在蘆笙的伴奏下載歌載舞。TextAI.AnswerthefollowingquestionsinEnglish.1.ListoneortwotraditionalChineseinstrumentsandtheiruniqueness.

XunisakindofwindinstrumentandisoneoftheoldestmusicalinstrumentsinChinawithahistoryofmorethan7,000years.Xuniseasilymadeofclaywithaneggshapeandtherearenomorethantenholesonthesurface.Itissuitableforperformingsomelamentingaria.

DiziisakindofancientChinesemusicalinstrument.Itismadeofbamboo,forbambooDizihasnicesoundeffect.Ithasoneblowinghole,oneaffiliatedhole,andsixsoundholes.TextA2.

WriteashortpassageaboutthestoryofapieceofclassicChinesemusic.

HighMountainsandFlowingWaterisonepieceofthefamousGuqinmusic.ItisbasedonthelegendarystorybetweenthedistinguishedmusicianYuBoyaandhisfriendZhongZiqi.TheybecamegoodfriendsafterZhongZiqiunderstoodwhatYuBoyatriedtoconveyinthispieceofmusic—themagnificenceofhighmountainsandthevigorofrushingwater.TextA3.

Whatistheroleofcultureintheformationofregionalmusicstyle?

Cultureiswhatpeoplecreateintheirsocialgroupsorraces,expressingstories,feelings,andvalues.Underthelong-lastinginfluenceoflocalculture,someplacesgraduallyformdistinctivemusicstylereflectingthecharacteristicsofregionalcustoms,traditions,andcultureaswell.Itisevidentthatculturetoacertainextentpromotesthedevelopmentofmusic.TextAII.ExplainthefollowingwordsandexpressionsinEnglish.1.Henanopera

HenanoperaoriginatedfromcentralChina’sHenanProvinceabout400yearsagoanditisthethirdmajoroperainChina.Itismainlyepidemicinthenorthernarea.Intermsoftune,HenanoperabelongstotheseriesofBangzitune.Itisfamousforitsloudvoices,strongrhythms,andintensiveuseofspokenlanguage.TextA2.Shaoxingopera

ShaoxingoperaisthesecondmostpopulartypeofChineseopera.Itfeaturesactressesinmalerolesaswellasfemininityintermsofsinging,performing,andstaging.ThetoneofShaoxingoperatendstobelyrical,dulcet,andleisurely.Thethemeshavediversestylesandvariousformats.ItishighlypopularinZhejiang,Shanghai,Jiangsu,andFujian.TextA3.Huangmeiopera

HuangmeioperaoriginatedfromHuangmeiCounty,HubeiProvince.TheoriginalformofHuangmeioperaistheteapickingtuneandisreadandsunginAnqinglanguage.Thethemesarefolkstoriesandlegends.Huangmeioperaisfamousforitsnaturalandelegantstyle.Simpleanddelicatesinginganddancingmakethecharacterslivelyandreal.TextA4.Sichuanopera

SichuanoperaoriginatedattheendoftheMingDynastyandthebeginningoftheQingDynasty.AsoneoftheoldestoperaformsinSouthwesternChina,Sichuanoperaisaperfectblendoflocaldialectalongwiththecustoms,folkmusic,anddancesfromotherregions.Sichuanoperaisknownforthreedistinctfeatures:changingfaces,spittingfire,androllinglight.TextA5.Pingjuopera

PingjuoperaisaformofChineseoperafromNorthernChina.ItoriginatedinTangshan,Hebei,nearthecityofTianjin.Pingjuoperaoriginatesfromfolksongsandyangge,whichisoneofthemainformsoffolkflowerfairactionsinthefirstmonthofthelunaryear.Itsmaincontentincludesfolklivingstories,historicalfigures,andscenesofthefourseasons.TextAIII.Matchthefollowingwordsandexpressionswiththe

correctChinese.TextAIII.Matchthefollowingwordsandexpressionswiththe

correctChinese.TextAIV.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish.1.中國戲曲的起源可追溯到原始社會的歌舞和宗教儀式，經(jīng)過漫長的發(fā)展和革新，才逐漸在宋元時(shí)期形成了比較完整而成熟的藝術(shù)體系。據(jù)不完全統(tǒng)計(jì)，我國各地約有三百六十多種戲曲劇種。1.TheoriginofChineseoperacanbetracedbacktothesinginganddancingandreligiousritualsinprimitivetimes.ButnotuntilthelateSongDynastyandtheearlyYuanDynastythroughaverylongperiodofdevelopmentandreformsdidChineseoperaformamatureandcompleteartisticsystem.Accordingtopartialstatistics,thereareover360regionaloperastylesinChina.TextA2.云南、新疆、西藏、青海等地不僅有風(fēng)景如畫的自然風(fēng)光，還留下了豐富多彩的文化遺產(chǎn)。居住在這些地區(qū)的各民族都有自己的音樂天賦、獨(dú)具特色的歌唱技巧和獨(dú)一無二的演奏樂器。2.Yunnan,Xinjiang,Tibet,andQinghaihavemuchmoretoofferthanpicturesquelandscapes.Thesurroundingareasaregiftedwitharichcultureheritagethankstotheirinhabitancybyanumberofethnicgroups,famousfortheirmusicaltalents,distinctivevocalskills,anduniqueinstruments.TextB

Notes1.blissfuladj.extremelyorcompletelyhappy①Hehadablissfulchildhoodwithhiscousinsalwayshangingaround.因?yàn)樗男值芙忝贸０樽笥?，所以他的童年很快樂。②Duetohisblissfulignorancehespenthislastseveralyearspeacefully

andcomfortably.正是因?yàn)橛行┦虑樗恢溃诺靡栽谌松淖詈髱啄赀^得平和舒心。TextB

Notes2.mockv.

tolaughatsomeone,oftenbycopyingtheminafunnybutunkindwaymockn.

anexamtakenatschoolforpracticebeforearealexam模擬考試①Apersonbeingmockedmayfeelbadforalongtime.有的人被別人嘲笑后很長時(shí)間心情都很糟。②Wewillhavetwomockteststhismonth,soeverybodyshouldbe

preparedandgetready.這個(gè)月我們會有兩次模擬考試，請大家做好準(zhǔn)備。TextB

Notes3.evokev.

tomakesomeoneremembersomethingorfeelanemotion①Thesmelloffreshgrassesinearlyspringevokesmymemoryofmyworry-free

childhood.初春青草的味道令我想起那無憂無慮的童年。②Patrioticsentimentsevokeanechoineverybreast.

愛國主義的感情在大家心中引起共鳴。

TextB

Notes4.genren.

astyle,especiallyinthearts,thatinvolvesaparticularsetofcharacteristics①Blues,Jazz,R&B,CountryandPunkarepopmusicgenres.布魯斯、爵士、搖滾、鄉(xiāng)村以及朋克都是流行音樂的流派。②Gothicliteratureisakindofliteraturegenrewhichfirstlyappearedin18thcentury

inEngland.哥特文學(xué)是最初起源于18世紀(jì)英國的一種文學(xué)體裁。TextB

Notes5.auditoriumn.

Alargeroomwithrowsofseatsandoftenastagewhichisusedforperformancesandforpubliceventsormeetings,orabuildingcontainingsucharoomJane:Wheredowehavethegraduatingceremony?David:IntheauditoriumbesidetheNo.5teachingbuilding.Jane:ThatisthegrandestauditoriumIhaveevenseen.Iamevenlookingforwardtothedaynow.TextB

Notes6.

coinv.

toinventanewwordorexpression,ortouseoneinaparticularwayforthefirsttimecoinn.①ThetermofRockmusicwascoinedin1955byAlanFreed,a

discjockeyfromClevelandOhio.

艾倫·弗里德于1955年創(chuàng)造了搖滾樂這個(gè)詞，那時(shí)他是俄亥

俄州克利夫蘭市的音樂主持人。②Myfamilyusuallymakesdecisionsaboutwheretogoforatrip

bytossingcoins.我的家人總是通過拋硬幣來決定去哪里玩。TextB

Notes7.lyricn.thewordsofasong,especiallyapopsong①Asingerwriterusuallywriteshisownlyrics.唱作人通常都是自己作詞。②Somepoplyricsarecriticizedwithoutmeaningandsoul.

人們批評一些流行歌曲的歌詞缺乏意義，沒有靈魂。TextB

Notes8.indigenousadj.usedtoreferto,orrelatingto,thepeoplewhooriginallylivedinaplacesynonym:native本土的①Jazz,thesecondgenrebornfromAfricantradition,isconsideredtobeAmerica’sfirstindigenousformofmusic.爵士樂是第二種源于非洲傳統(tǒng)音樂的音樂形式，被認(rèn)為是第一

種美國本土音樂風(fēng)格。②GroundhogsarelovelysmallanimalslivinginNorthAmerica.土撥鼠是一種生活在北美的可愛的小動物。

TextB

Notes9.harmonican.

Asmall,rectangularmusicalinstrument,playedbyblowingandsuckingairthroughit①Playingtheharmonicawasoncepartofmyprimaryschoolmusic

classes.我以前上小學(xué)的時(shí)候，音樂課吹口琴。②TheharmonicawasinventedbyaGermanmusiciannamed

Buschmannwhenhewas16yearsold.口琴是一位德國叫布希曼的音樂家在他16歲的時(shí)候發(fā)明的。TextB

Notes10.offensiveadj.causingoffence①Doyouagreethatgirlsareoffensivetotheirboyfriends’exes?你贊同女孩子都對自己男朋友的前任有敵意這種說法嗎?②Youshouldbeashamedforsayingthoseoffensivewordsjustnow.你應(yīng)該為剛剛說了那些冒犯的話而感到羞愧。TextB

KeySentences1.Classicalmusicisdescribedasthemusicoftheolddays.Itisthekindofmusicthatmostofushaveforgotten,yetlistentoeveryday.Becausemostofwhatwehearnowisderivedfromwhatthegreatclassicalcomposerscreateddecadesandcenturiesago.bederivedfrom來自于，源于①Asachairmanofthisinstitute,heisalwayscautiousnotmakingmorethanhalfof

itsmoneyderivingfromforeigninvestments.

作為機(jī)構(gòu)的主席，他要一直謹(jǐn)慎小心，不能讓海外投資超過50%。②Thepresentproblemsmainlyderivedfromthelackofself-disciplineandover

confidence.當(dāng)前的主要問題源于缺乏自律，而又過度自信。TextB

KeySentences2.

Theoriginofbluesistoouncleartopinpointtooneartistoroneyear.Forthesakeofhistoricimportance,it’sbelievedthatthebluesmusicwascreatedinthelate19thcentury,bytheblackthatwereforcedtoworkinthecottonfields.too…topinpoint太……以至于不能準(zhǔn)確指出……Culturaltip:

“布魯斯起源于過去美國黑人奴隸的圣歌、贊美歌、勞動歌曲、叫喊和頌歌。布魯斯中使用的“藍(lán)調(diào)之音”和啟應(yīng)的演唱方式都顯示了它的西非來源。布魯斯對后來美國和西方流行音樂有非常大的影響，拉格泰姆、爵士樂、大樂隊(duì)、節(jié)奏布魯斯、搖滾樂、鄉(xiāng)村音樂和普通的流行歌曲，甚至現(xiàn)代的古典音樂中都含有布魯斯的因素或者是從布魯斯發(fā)展出來的。TextB

KeySentences3.Likebluesmusic,countrymusicemergedfromfolksongsoftheSouthernUSintheearly1920s.ImmigrantsintheAppalachianMountainsarea,whohadbroughtalonginstrumentsfromtheirowncountries,mergedtheirarttoformthefamousgenreofcountrymusic.emergefrom出現(xiàn)synonym:appear,comeintobeingAppalachianMountains阿巴拉契亞山脈

Appalachian

Mountains,alsocalled

Appalachians,isagreathighlandsystem

of

NorthAmerica,theeasterncounterpart

of

theRocky

Mountains.TextBI.AnswerthefollowingquestionsinEnglish.1.ListoneortwoworksofWesternmusiciansandtheiruniqueness.

BachisaGermancomposerandmusicianoftheBaroquePeriod.Bach’scompositionsincludeBrandenburgConcertos,GoldbergVariations,andover300cantatasofwhicharound200survive.Hismusicisreveredforitstechnicalcommand,artisticbeauty,andintellectualdepth.TextB2.WriteashortpassageaboutthedifferencesbetweenChineseErhuandWesternviolin.Erhuhastwostrings,withthebowinsertedbetweenthem.Witharangeofaroundthreeoctaves,itssoundisratherlikeaviolin,butwithathinnertone.Violinisthesmallestandhighest-pitchedinstrument.IthasfourstringstunedinperfectfifthsandisaprominentinstrumentintheWesternclassicaltraditionandinmanyvarietiesoffolkmusic.TextB3.WhatarethedifferencesbetweentraditionalChineseandWesternmusicincomposition?Firstly,therearen’tasetofcompletecompositiontheoriesandlawsintraditionalChinesemusic,soitiseasytobelost.However,onthetechnicallevel,therearetheories,norms,andalargenumberoftextandaudioliteratureinWesternmusic;therefore,itiseasytospread.TextBII.ExplainthefollowingwordsandexpressionsinEnglish.1.lullabyAlullabyisasoothingsongorpieceofmusic,usuallyplayedfororsungtochildren.Thepurposesoflullabiesvary,butoneofthemostimportantusesoflullabiesistobeasleepaidforinfants.Asaresult,themusicisoftensimpleandrepetitive.Lullabiescanbefoundinmanycountriesandhaveexistedsinceancienttimes.TextB2.sonata

Asonataliterallymeansapieceplayedasopposedtoacantata.Thetermevolvedthroughthehistoryofmusicanddesignatedavarietyofformsuntiltheclassicalera.Bytheearly19th,itcametorepresentaprincipleofcomposinglarge-scaleworks.Itisappliedtomostinstrumentalgenresandregardedasoneofthefundamentalmethodsoforganizingandinterpretingconcertmusic.

TextB3.orchestraAnorchestraisalargeinstrumentalensemblewhichfeaturesbrass,woodwinds,percussioninstruments,andstringinstruments.Afull-sizeorchestramaybecalledasymphonyorchestra.Theactualnumberofmusiciansemployedinaperformancemayvaryfrom70toover100musicians.TextB4.stringinstrumentStringinstrumentsaremusicalinstrumentsthatproducesoundfromvibratingstringswhentheperformerplaysorsoundsthestringsinsomemanner.Musiciansplaystringinstrumentsbypluckingthestringswiththeirfingers,byhittingthestringswithalightwoodenhammer,orbyrubbingthestringswithabow.TextB5.ElvisPresleyElvisPresleyisadistinguishedAmericansingerandactor.Heisoneofthemostcelebratedandinfluentialmusiciansofthe20thcenturyandisoftenreferredtoas“theKingofRockandRoll”.Commerciallysuccessfulinmanygenres,heisthebest-sellingsoloartistinthehistoryofrecordedmusic,withestimatedrecordsalesofaround600millionunitsworldwide.TextBIII.Matchthefollowingwordsandexpressionswiththe

correctChinese.TextBIII.Matchthefollowingwordsandexpressionswiththe

correctChinese.TextBIV.TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoChinese.1.Westernmusicisbasedonapreciseandseriousmusicsystemthatemphasizesthecoordinationofsoundsandnotes.Westernmusicactuallystemsfromthereligiousceremoniesandhymns,whichformthebasisofWesternmusic’stheme.1.西方音樂是建立在精確而嚴(yán)肅的音樂體系之上的，它強(qiáng)調(diào)聲音和音符的協(xié)調(diào)。西方音樂其實(shí)源于宗教儀式和圣歌。它們形成了西方音樂主題的基礎(chǔ)。TextB2.ThemusicoftheUnitedStatesreflectsthecountry’smulti-ethnicpopulationthroughadiversearrayofstyles.ItisamixtureofmusicinfluencedbyWestAfrican,Scottish,Mexican,andCubanmusictraditions.Thecountry’smostinternationallyrenownedgenresarejazz,blues,country,R&B,hiphop,androckmusic.2.美國音樂通過多樣的風(fēng)格反映了這個(gè)國家多民族的人口特點(diǎn)。它是受西非、蘇格蘭、墨西哥和古巴音樂傳統(tǒng)影響的音樂混合體。其國際知名的音樂形式有爵士、藍(lán)調(diào)、鄉(xiāng)村、節(jié)奏布魯斯、嘻哈和搖滾。PipaGuitarTextCComparison1BlindAbingBeethoven

TextCComparison2SpringMoonlightontheFlowersbytheRiverTheBlueDanubeTextCComparison3BeijingOperaOperaTextCComparison4MarchoftheVolunteersLaMarseillaiseTextCComparison5Case

Study

迷人的弗拉門戈音樂我的一位新聞界的朋友對弗拉門戈音樂十分癡迷。他告訴我，他最初愛上弗拉門戈音樂是因?yàn)樵谝欢我曨l中看到吉他演奏大師們的手指在琴弦上不斷翻飛、速度驚人，他們在彈撥琴弦的同時(shí)用指尖歡快地敲擊琴板，他由此心生敬佩，驚覺世上竟然還有這樣一種奇特又叫人入迷的吉他風(fēng)格。Case

Study

有一次聽說有國外的弗拉門戈歌舞團(tuán)來演出，他主動請纓去采訪，實(shí)則是想順便看演出。但是回來后寫稿時(shí)他想當(dāng)然地把

“Flamenco”寫成了“Flamingo”，還好校對老師及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)并改了過來，這可真尷尬?！案ダT戈”不僅是歌、舞和吉他音樂的三合一藝術(shù)，也代表一種慷慨、狂熱、豪放和不受拘束的生活方式。有時(shí)弗拉門戈演出中的歌手緊皺眉頭，面部表情憂郁、憤懣，歌聲嘶啞，這是吉卜賽人通過音樂和舞蹈來表現(xiàn)和訴說他們悲慘的命運(yùn)和處境。Case

Study

分析點(diǎn)評

弗拉門戈是一種綜合性藝術(shù)，它融舞蹈、歌唱、器樂于一體，源于傳統(tǒng)吉普賽人民居住的地方。弗拉門戈吉他曲有些粗獷強(qiáng)硬，情緒澎湃深沉；有些細(xì)膩、神秘傷感。音樂是沒有國界的，我們可以融入其中，用心讀懂音樂中流露的情感，欣賞他國音樂。Translation

漢譯英

1.京劇角色

“生、旦、凈、丑”是京劇中的角色分類?！吧笔悄行哉娼巧?，“旦”是女性正面角色，“凈”是性格鮮明的男性配角(supportingrole)，“丑”是幽默滑稽的人物或反面角色。每種角色都有表明身份的臉譜(facialmake-up)和扮相。只要演員一上場，一看便知。在人的臉上涂上某種顏色以象征這個(gè)人的性格和品質(zhì)、角色和命運(yùn)，是京劇的一大特點(diǎn)，也是理解劇情的關(guān)鍵。簡單地講，紅臉含有褒義，代表忠勇(valor)；黑臉為中性，代表猛智；黃臉和白臉含貶義，代表兇詐。Translation

Keys

1.BeijingOperaRoles

Sheng,Dan,JingandChourefertodifferenttypesofrolesinBeijingOpera.Shengisthepositivemalerole,andDanisthepositivefemalerole,whileJingisasupportingmalerolewithadistinctivecharacterandChouistheclownoranegativecharacter.Eachtypeofrolehasitsownfacialmake-upandcostumethatexposeitsidentityassoonasheorsheappearsonthestage.OnemajorcharacteristicofBeijingOperaisthecolorpaintedonthefaceofacharacterthatshowsthepersonality,quality,role,andfate,whichisalsothekeytounderstandingtheplot.Toputitsimply,redispositive,standingforloyaltyandvalor;blackrepresentsaneutralrole,indicatingvigorandwisdom;yellowandwhitebothsuggestcunningandnegativecharacters.Translation

2.昆曲

昆曲(KunOpera)源于江蘇昆山地區(qū)，至今已有600多年的歷史，它是中國戲曲最古老的存在形式之一。昆曲有一個(gè)完整的表演體系并且有自己獨(dú)特的腔調(diào)。昆曲在明朝初期得到發(fā)展。從16到18世紀(jì)，它一直主宰著中國戲曲。此外，昆曲還影響了中國許多其他的戲曲形式。今天，昆曲依然在中國的一些大城市表演，受到了許多人的喜愛。漢譯英

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2.KunOpera

KunOperaoriginatedintheKunshanregionofJiangsuProvince.ItisoneoftheoldestexistingformsofChineseoperaswithahistoryofmorethan600years.KunOperahasacompletesystemofactingcharacterizedbyitsowndistinctivetunes.DuringtheearlyMingDynasty,KunOperagotdevelopedanditdominatedChines