統(tǒng)考版2025屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)第二部分攻克多變的動(dòng)詞第一講謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)學(xué)案含解析

PAGE其次部分攻克多變的動(dòng)詞第一講謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)考點(diǎn)一一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)是近幾年語(yǔ)法填空和短文改錯(cuò)必考的語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目，而且考查的均是最基本的用法。(一)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)常用來(lái)表示習(xí)慣性、常常性發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。1．謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成：do/does(下面全部的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成皆以do為例)2．基本用法(1)表示常常發(fā)生的、習(xí)慣性的、反復(fù)出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。常與表示習(xí)慣的副詞(詞組)always,everytime,nowandthen,occasionally,often,seldom,never,sometimes,usually,everyday/night等連用。OnMondaymorningsitusuallytakesmeanhourtodrivetoworkalthoughtheactualdistanceisonly20miles.周一早晨開(kāi)車(chē)上班我一般要花費(fèi)一個(gè)小時(shí)，雖然實(shí)際距離只有20英里。(2)表示客觀真理、格言或者警句等。表示客觀真理時(shí)，即使主句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句還要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。Asweallknow,theearthtravelsaroundthesun.眾所周知，地球圍繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。(3)表示按規(guī)定、時(shí)辰表、支配或支配要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是come，go，arrive，leave，start，begin，return，live，fly等，可以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Mydreamschoolstartsat8：30amandendsat3：30pm.我志向的學(xué)校上午8：30上課，下午3：30放學(xué)。(4)在時(shí)間、條件等狀語(yǔ)從句中常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)。Theywillstandbyyouevenifyoudon'tsucceed.即使你不勝利，他們也會(huì)支持你。名師點(diǎn)津動(dòng)詞第三人稱的構(gòu)成一般狀況干脆加-swork→worksget→getssay→saysread→reads結(jié)尾為-s,-x,-sh,-ch或-o，在詞尾加-esdiscuss→discusseswash→washesfix→fixesteach→teachesgo→goes結(jié)尾為“輔音字母＋y”，變y為i再加-escarry→carriesstudy→studiestry→triesfly→fliescry→cries(二)一般過(guò)去時(shí)1．謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成：did2．基本用法(1)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間所發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示詳細(xì)的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如yesterday，lastmonth，justnow，theotherday，threedaysago，in1989等。[2024·江蘇卷]AfewmonthsafterhehadarrivedinChina,Mr.Smithfellinlovewiththepeopleandculturethere.史密斯先生到中國(guó)幾個(gè)月后，就喜愛(ài)上了那里的人和文化。(2)在時(shí)間、條件等狀語(yǔ)從句中，常用一般過(guò)去時(shí)代替過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。Hesaidhewouldtellheraboutthenewsassoonashemether.他說(shuō)他一見(jiàn)到她就把這個(gè)消息告知她。(3)有些句子，雖然沒(méi)有明確的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，但事實(shí)上指的是過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，也要用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。常見(jiàn)的此類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有know,think,expect,want等。Edward,youplaysowell.ButIdidn'tknowyouplayedthepiano.愛(ài)德華，你彈得真好。但是我原來(lái)不知道你會(huì)彈鋼琴。(4)常見(jiàn)句型：①I(mǎi)tistimethatsb.shoulddo/didsth.該到……的時(shí)候了②Itis/hasbeen＋一段時(shí)間＋since...didsth.自從做某事已經(jīng)一段時(shí)間了③would/hadrathersb.didsth.寧愿某人做某事Itistimethatwetookactiontoprotectourenvironment.該到我們實(shí)行措施愛(ài)護(hù)環(huán)境的時(shí)候了。AsfarasIknow，itis/hasbeenthreeyearssincehejoinedthearmy.據(jù)我所知，他參軍三年了。(5)句中暗含有表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。Georgesaidthathewouldcometoschooltoseemethenextday，buthedidn't.喬治說(shuō)他會(huì)在其次天來(lái)學(xué)校看我，但是他沒(méi)有來(lái)。名師點(diǎn)津動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式的構(gòu)成一般狀況在動(dòng)詞后加-edwork→workedplay→playedwant→wanted以不發(fā)音的-e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞后加-dhope→hopedlike→liked以“輔音字母＋y”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，變y為i再加-edstudy→studiedtry→tried以重讀閉音節(jié)或/r/音節(jié)結(jié)尾，詞尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母時(shí)雙寫(xiě)詞尾的輔音字母再加-edstop→stoppedprefer→preferredadmit→admittedpermit→permitted◎題組微練(單句語(yǔ)法填空/單句改錯(cuò))1．[2024·新高考Ⅰ卷]The80,000objectscollectedbySirHansSloane,forexample,________(form)thecorecollectionoftheBritishMuseumwhichopenedin1759.2．[2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ]Whenheaskedthevillagersonthebanksoftheriverwherehecouldfindthelegendary(傳奇的)artist,theysmiledand________(point)downtheriver.3．[2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ]Whilerunningregularlycan'tmakeyouliveforever,thereviewsaysit________(be)moreeffectiveatlengtheninglifethanwalking,cyclingorswimming.4．[2024·浙江卷7月]Thisstyleoffarminglastedforquitealongtime.Then，withtheriseofscience，changesbegan.Newmethods________(mean)thatfewerpeopleworkedinfarming.5．[2024·北京卷]She________(persuade)metojointhepoetryandlitinmeafireforliterature.6．[2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ]Actually,IstarttolearnkungfuwhenIwassevenyearsold,butIhavelongbeenoutofpractice.________________7．[2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ]Forexample,everymorning,mydadhastohaveabowlofeggsoupwhileIhadtoeatanapple.Mydaddoesn'tlikethesoupandIdon'tenjoyapples.________________8．[2024·貴陽(yáng)高三適應(yīng)性考試]Louvredatedbacktothe12thcentury，whichusedtobearoyalpalace.________________考點(diǎn)二現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)與將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)(一)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1．謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成：eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(am,is,are))＋doing2．基本用法(1)表示此刻正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)now，atthemoment，atpresent等連用。Wearefacingtodayastrangenewworldandweareallwonderingwhatwearegoingtodowithit.我們今日面對(duì)的是一個(gè)生疏的新世界，并且我們都在想我們將要怎么對(duì)待它。(2)一些特定的表示動(dòng)作趨向性的短暫性動(dòng)詞come，go，leave，get，start，open，arrive，begin，return等常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來(lái)。IamleavingforShanghaitoattendanimportantinternationalmeeting.我要?jiǎng)由砣ド虾⑴c一個(gè)重要的國(guó)際會(huì)議。(3)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)與頻率副詞always，constantly連用表達(dá)某種感情色調(diào)，如不滿、厭惡、贊許等。Youarealwaysforgettingtheimportantthing.你總是把重要的事情忘掉。(表達(dá)出不滿的心情)(二)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)1．謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成：eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(was,were))＋doing2．基本用法(1)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常與表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句以剛好間狀語(yǔ)atthattime,atthatmoment,atthistimeyesterday,atteno'clockyesterday等連用。[2024·北京卷]Susanhadquitherwell-paidjobandwasworkingasavolunteerintheneighborhoodwhenIvisitedherlastyear.蘇珊已經(jīng)辭去了高薪的工作。去年當(dāng)我探望她的時(shí)候，她正在一個(gè)社區(qū)里做志愿者。(2)表示一個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行時(shí)，另一個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作發(fā)生了，常與when,while引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句連用。Jackwasworkinginthelabwhenthepowercutoccurred.突然斷電時(shí)，杰克正在試驗(yàn)室里工作。(3)表示過(guò)去按支配、支配將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，此用法常見(jiàn)動(dòng)詞有g(shù)o，begin，leave，arrive，come，return等。Iwascomingtovisityoulaterthatday，butIhadtophoneandcancel.我本準(zhǔn)備那天晚些時(shí)候去看你，但是我不得不打電話取消了。(三)將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)1．謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成：willbedoing2．基本用法表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻或某一時(shí)間段正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常與一些標(biāo)記性的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如atthistimetomorrow,bythen,from1：30to4：30tomorrow等。Janecan'tattendthemeetingat3o'clockthisafternoonbecauseshewillbeteachingaclassatthattime.簡(jiǎn)不能參與今日下午三點(diǎn)的會(huì)，因?yàn)槟莻€(gè)時(shí)間段她有課。ThistimenextweekI'llbelyingonthebeach，enjoyingthesunshine.下星期這個(gè)時(shí)候，我正躺在海灘上，享受著陽(yáng)光。名師點(diǎn)津動(dòng)詞進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成一般狀況在詞尾干脆加-ingwork→workingstudy→studying以不發(fā)音的-e結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，去e再加-ingwrite→writingtake→takingface→facing“輔音＋元音＋輔音”結(jié)尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫(xiě)詞尾輔音字母，再加-ingcut→cuttingbegin→beginningswim→swimmingrun→runningput→puttingplan→planningsit→sitting以-ie結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，變-ie為y再加-inglie→lyingdie→dying◎題組微練(單句語(yǔ)法填空)1．[2024·江西省重點(diǎn)中學(xué)盟校聯(lián)考]Atpresent,TechgiantsAppleandGoogle________(team)uptocreateasystemthatwouldletsmartphoneusersknowwhenthey'vecomeintocontactwithsomeonewhohasCOVID－19.2．[2024·天津卷]I________(drive)downtoLondonwhenIsuddenlyfoundthatIwasonthewrongroad.考點(diǎn)三現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)、過(guò)去完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)(一)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1．謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成：eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(have,has))＋done2．基本用法(1)表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：already，sofar，never，just，before，recently，foralongtime，inthepast/lastfewyears等。[2024·江蘇卷]Themusicianalongwithhisbandmembershasgiventenperformancesinthelastthreemonths.在過(guò)去的三個(gè)月里，這位音樂(lè)家和他的樂(lè)隊(duì)成員們已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了十場(chǎng)演出。(2)表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)起先，始終持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在(或許還會(huì)接著進(jìn)行下去)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與“since＋時(shí)間點(diǎn)”或“for＋時(shí)間段”等表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。Hisfirstnovelhasreceivedgoodreviewssinceitcameoutlastmonth.他的第一部小說(shuō)自上個(gè)月出版以來(lái)就獲得了很好的評(píng)價(jià)。3．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)還可以用在時(shí)間和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，表示將來(lái)某時(shí)完成的動(dòng)作。Pleasereturnthebooktomewhenyouhavefinishedit.當(dāng)你讀完這本書(shū)請(qǐng)歸還給我。名師指津(1)留意牢記以下固定句型：①I(mǎi)tis/hasbeen＋時(shí)間段＋since...表示“自從……以來(lái)已經(jīng)……”。Itis/hasbeentenyearssinceIgraduatedfromtheuniversity.我高校畢業(yè)已十年了。②This/It/Thatisthefirst/second/third...timethat...表示“這/那是(某人)第幾次做某事”，that從句中要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。ItisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedthecity.這是我第一次巡游這座城市。③Thisis＋the＋形容詞最高級(jí)＋名詞＋that...結(jié)構(gòu)，that從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。ThisisthebestfilmthatI've(ever)seen.這是我看過(guò)的最好的電影。(2)留意避開(kāi)思維定式：一看到for＋時(shí)間段，就用動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)。確定要看語(yǔ)境強(qiáng)調(diào)是“該動(dòng)作曾經(jīng)做過(guò)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”(一般過(guò)去時(shí))，還是“該動(dòng)作已經(jīng)做完多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間”(現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))。YangZhenninglivedinAmericaformanyyearsandnowhelivesinChina.楊振寧在美國(guó)定居多年，現(xiàn)在他生活在中國(guó)。DashanhaslivedinChinaformanyyears.大山在中國(guó)住了很多年。(二)過(guò)去完成時(shí)1．謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成：had＋done2．基本用法(1)表示到過(guò)去某一時(shí)間之前動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”，常見(jiàn)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有by...，until...，when...，before...等。WhenhewasinBeijing，hevisitedplaceswherehehadplayedasachild.他在北京的時(shí)候巡游了他兒時(shí)曾玩過(guò)的地方。BythetimeJackreturnedhomefromEngland，hissonhadalreadygraduatedfromcollege.杰克從英國(guó)回到家時(shí)，他的兒子已經(jīng)高校畢業(yè)了。(2)表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope，wish，expect，think，intend，mean，suppose等，用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示“原本……(事實(shí)上未能……)”。[2024·天津卷]IhadhopedtosendPeteragifttocongratulatehimonhismarriage,butIcouldn'tmanageit.我本希望送給彼得一個(gè)禮物慶賀他結(jié)婚了，但我沒(méi)能做到。(3)表示一個(gè)過(guò)去的動(dòng)作先于另一過(guò)去的動(dòng)作發(fā)生，這種狀況多見(jiàn)于賓語(yǔ)從句。IttookmealongtimebeforeIwasabletofullyappreciatewhattheyhaddoneforme.過(guò)了好久我才能夠完全理解他們?yōu)槲易瞿切┦隆?4)過(guò)去完成時(shí)的常用句型①I(mǎi)twasthefirst/second...timethat...這是第一/其次……次……Itwasthethirdtimethattheboyhadbeenlate.這是那個(gè)男孩第三次遲到了。②hadhardly...when剛……就……；hadnosooner...than一……就……。如：Ihadhardlyopenedthedoorwhenhehitme.我剛打開(kāi)門(mén)，他就打了我。Hehadnosoonerboughtthecarthanhesoldit.他剛買(mǎi)了這輛車(chē)，轉(zhuǎn)瞬又賣(mài)了。(三)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)1．謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成：eq\b\lc\\rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(has,have))been＋doing2．基本用法(1)常用來(lái)表示起先于過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間，始終持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在并且會(huì)接著進(jìn)行下去的動(dòng)作。I'mtiredout.IhavebeenshoppingallafternoonandIdon'tseemtohavefinishedanything.我累壞了。我整個(gè)下午都在購(gòu)物，我似乎什么事也沒(méi)完成。Tomhasbeenworkinginthelibraryeverynightoverthelastthreemonths.在過(guò)去的三個(gè)月里，湯姆每天晚上都在圖書(shū)館工作。(2)表示到目前為止的一段時(shí)間里始終在反復(fù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。Ihavebeencallinghimmanytimesthismorning，butthere'snoanswer.今日早晨我始終給他打了很多電話，但是沒(méi)人接?！蝾}組微練(單句語(yǔ)法填空)1．[2024·浙江卷7月]Byabout6000BC,people________(discover)thebestcropstogrowandanimalstoraise.2．[2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ語(yǔ)法填空]IlovecominghereandseeingmyfamilyandallthefriendsI________(make)overtheyears.IworknotbecauseIhaveto，butbecauseIwantto.3．[2024·高三八校其次次聯(lián)考]AccordingtoHuffPost,morethan3millionpeopleintheUnitedStatesarevegans.IntheUK,about542,000people________(choose)veganismoverthepastdecade.4．[2024·安徽省高三聯(lián)考]Quanzhouisalsoknownforitsthrivingprivateeconomy.Thepastfourdecades________(see)thebirthoftensofthousandsofprivatebusinessesandhundredsoffamousbrands.考點(diǎn)四一般將來(lái)時(shí)和過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)(一)一般將來(lái)時(shí)1．表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)常用以下四種結(jié)構(gòu)(1)will/shall＋動(dòng)詞原形(2)begoingto＋動(dòng)詞原形(3)beto＋動(dòng)詞原形(4)beabouttodosth.2．基本用法(1)一般將來(lái)時(shí)表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，即單純的將來(lái)事實(shí)。HewillgraduatefromBeijingUniversitynextyear.明年，他將畢業(yè)于北京高校。(2)begoingtodosth.表示支配、準(zhǔn)備要做某事或者有預(yù)兆要發(fā)生某事。Lookatthecloud.Itisgoingtorain.瞧那烏云，天要下雨了。(3)betodosth.表示按支配或支配即將要做某事，或者依據(jù)職責(zé)、義務(wù)、規(guī)定等要做某事。Wearetoobeytheseruleswhenwegointothelibrary.當(dāng)我們?nèi)D書(shū)館時(shí)，我們要遵守這些規(guī)章制度。(4)beabouttodosth.表示即將要發(fā)生某事。該結(jié)構(gòu)通常不與詳細(xì)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。Thetrainisabouttoleave.火車(chē)即將開(kāi)出。(二)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)1．謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的構(gòu)成：eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(woulddosth.,was/weregoingtodosth.))2．基本用法過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間看將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。即過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)是“立足過(guò)去，著眼將來(lái)”的一種時(shí)態(tài)，常用于賓語(yǔ)從句中。Theshopswouldsoonclose，andallthepeoplewouldgohome.這個(gè)商店不久將關(guān)閉，全部的人將回家?！蝾}組微練(單句語(yǔ)法填空)1．[2024·浙江卷語(yǔ)法填空]Wheneverypupilintheschoolwearstheuniform，nobody________(have)toworryaboutfashion(時(shí)尚)．2．[2024·浙江嘉興基礎(chǔ)測(cè)試]Theymadeuptheirmindsthatthey________(buy)anewhouseonceLarrychangedjobs.考點(diǎn)五語(yǔ)態(tài)1.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)在各種時(shí)態(tài)中的運(yùn)用時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/is/aredone一般過(guò)去時(shí)was/weredone一般將來(lái)時(shí)shall/willbedone現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/is/arebeingdone過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/werebeingdone現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/hasbeendone過(guò)去完成時(shí)hadbeendone將來(lái)完成時(shí)shall/willhavebeendone[2024·江蘇卷]Theyaretryingtomakesurethat5Gterminalswillhavebeeninstalledby2024fortheBeijingWinterOlympics.他們正在努力確保到2024年時(shí)為北京冬奧會(huì)安裝5G信號(hào)終端。[2024·北京卷]Arescueworkerriskedhislifesavingtwotouristswhohadbeentrappedinthemountainsfortwodays.一個(gè)救援人員冒著生命危急挽救了兩個(gè)被困在山里兩天的旅游者。[2024·天津卷]Mywashingmachineisbeingrepairedthisweek,soIhavetowashmyclothesbyhand.這周我的洗衣機(jī)正在修理，所以我不得不用手洗衣服。2．不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的特殊動(dòng)詞(1)系動(dòng)詞類(lèi)(look，seem，feel，taste，sound，prove，appear等)。(2)表示主語(yǔ)特征的詞(read，wash，write，sell，wear，lock等)，常與not，hardly，well，easily，badly，nicely等副詞連用。Thiskindofclothwasheseasily.這種布料簡(jiǎn)單洗。(3)有些動(dòng)詞及短語(yǔ)不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。常見(jiàn)的有：have,cost,own,belongto,takepartin,comeintobeing,datefrom,takeplace,runout等。3．get構(gòu)成的表示被動(dòng)的短語(yǔ)此類(lèi)短語(yǔ)主要有g(shù)etpaid/lost/hurt等。Wegetpaideveryweek.我們按周獲得薪酬。4．主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義(1)在need，want，require，deserve，bear等動(dòng)詞；worth等形容詞的后面，動(dòng)名詞主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義，其含義相當(dāng)于動(dòng)詞不定式的被動(dòng)形式。Thehouseneedsrepairing/toberepaired.這房子須要修理。(2)在某些“主語(yǔ)(人/物)＋be＋形容詞＋不定式”中不定式的主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。這些形容詞有nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting等。Theproblemisdifficulttoworkout.這道題很難計(jì)算出?！蝾}組微練(單句語(yǔ)法填空)1．[2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ]“Thisreallyexcitesscientists，”CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,“becauseitmeanswehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoon________(construct)．”2．[2024·新高考Ⅰ卷]Thepartsofamuseumopentothepublic________(call)galleriesorrooms.3．[2024·浙江卷7月]Farmingproducedmorefoodperpersonthanhuntingandgathering,sopeoplewereabletoraisemorechildren.And,asmorechildrenwereborn,morefood________(need)．4．[2024·山東省濱州市一模]Inthosetoughestdays,donationsincashandkind________(make)tohelpbattlethedisease.Thankstothejointefforts,everythingisgettingbetterandbetter.5．[2024·河南省高三質(zhì)量檢測(cè)]Plasticmicrobeadsortinysolidplasticparticles________(use)mostlyincosmeticsproduction,facewashes,toothpastesandotherproducts.Whenweusethesethings,theplasticmicrobeadsgetintoourpipesthatcarrywater,andeventuallyendupintheocean.6．[2024·成都其次次診斷]Hotpotrestaurantscan________(find)onprettymucheverystreetinChengdu，butthequalityandtastecanvaryhugely.技法1語(yǔ)法填空解題技法【典例感悟】1．[2024·天津卷]Thenumberofmedicalschoolsreached18intheearly1990sand________(remain)aroundthatleveleversince.2．[2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅰ]TheunmannedChang'e-4probe(探測(cè)器)—thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoongoddess—________(touch)downlastweekintheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.3．[2024·山東?？季韂Thewaysheheldtheirhands,________(touch)theirfacesandjustlookedatthem,youcouldtelltheyhadsuchaspecialbond.4．[2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ]Pickingupher“LifetimeAchievement”award,proudIrene________(declare)shehadnoplanstoretirefromher36-year-oldbusiness.5．[2024·6月浙江卷]OnestudyinAmericafoundthatstudents'grades________(improve)alittleaftertheschoolintroduceduniforms.6．[2024·沈陽(yáng)監(jiān)測(cè)]ThiswasthefirsttimeI________(experience)sandstormsandIdon'teverwanttobeinoneagain.7．[2024·濮陽(yáng)市高三畢業(yè)班其次次模擬]GretaThunberg,a16-year-oldSwedishclimatechangeactivist,________(elect)as2024's“PersonofTheYear”lastweek.8．[2024·江西省南昌市高三二模]Eggsaregreatforbreakfastandcan________(cook)indifferentways.Onetopicofdebate,however,iswhybrownchickeneggsusuallycostmorethanwhiteones.【答題微點(diǎn)】搞定語(yǔ)法填空的“3原則”原則1慧眼識(shí)別標(biāo)記詞在高考語(yǔ)法填空中，有時(shí)會(huì)給出時(shí)間標(biāo)記，考生可依據(jù)所給標(biāo)記詞或時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)輕松得出答案。原則2細(xì)心辨語(yǔ)境，瞻前顧后找并列1．細(xì)心辨語(yǔ)境：細(xì)致分析設(shè)空處所在句前后句子中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)，弄清動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間及依次，確定所填謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)。2．瞻前顧后找并列：①可依據(jù)并列連詞and,but,or,ratherthan,neither...nor...，notonly...butalso...等前后的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式確定所填謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)；②同一個(gè)主語(yǔ)連接兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的并列謂語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)要一樣。原則3固定句式要牢記，主從時(shí)態(tài)要呼應(yīng)1．was/weredoingsth.whensb.did...2．Itis/hasbeen＋一段時(shí)間＋sincesb./sth.did...3．This/It/Thatis/wasthefirst/second...timethat...從句要用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)/過(guò)去完成時(shí)4．It's(high)timethat...did/shoulddosth.5．祈使句＋and/or＋主語(yǔ)＋將來(lái)時(shí)把握邏輯關(guān)系，分析主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)要確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)，分析語(yǔ)境，弄明白所給動(dòng)詞與其對(duì)應(yīng)的主語(yǔ)之間的邏輯關(guān)系是確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)的關(guān)鍵。技法2短文改錯(cuò)解題技法【典例感悟】1．[2024·鄭州第一次質(zhì)量預(yù)料]Anyway，afterweleftBarcelona，wecometospendseveraldaysinGranada.________________2．[2024·太原市高三年級(jí)模擬三]IhavebeenlearningEnglishsinceIaminprimaryschool，butthetruthwasthatIwasnotsogoodatlistening.________________3．[2024·鄭州市第三次質(zhì)量檢測(cè)]Afterdrivinghertothebusstation,hereturnedtotheshop,buyalargebunchofflowers,anddroveallthewaytohismother's.________________4．[2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ]I'vehadmanydreamssinceIwasachild.Nowmydreamistoopenacafe.Thoughitmayappearsimple，itrequiredalotofideasandefforts.________________【答題微點(diǎn)】短文改錯(cuò)題“3檢查”1．查時(shí)態(tài)是否一樣(1)檢查文中每一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)與上下文語(yǔ)境及該句的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)是否一樣。(2)檢查不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式和過(guò)去分詞是否用錯(cuò)。(3)檢查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和have,has,had等助動(dòng)詞后面的動(dòng)詞形式是否用錯(cuò)。2．查語(yǔ)態(tài)是否正確(1)檢查及物動(dòng)詞之后是否有賓語(yǔ)，如無(wú)賓語(yǔ)應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。(2)不及物動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))不能用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。(3)檢查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中是否缺少be動(dòng)詞。主謂一樣考點(diǎn)一主謂一樣的基礎(chǔ)“3原則”主謂一樣是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)上和主語(yǔ)一樣，一般遵循三個(gè)原則，即語(yǔ)法一樣原則、就近一樣原則和意義一樣原則。1．語(yǔ)法一樣原則主語(yǔ)后跟有with，togetherwith，aswellas，like，but，except，alongwith，ratherthan，including，inadditionto等引起的短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)要與前面的主語(yǔ)保持一樣。TheleaderandartistaswellassomeofourEnglishteacherswasgivenachancetogoabroadlastyear.那位領(lǐng)導(dǎo)兼藝術(shù)家和我們的一些英語(yǔ)老師去年得到了一次出國(guó)的機(jī)會(huì)。IthinkTom，ratherthanyouistoblamefortheaccident.我認(rèn)為是湯姆而不是你該為這起事故負(fù)責(zé)任。2．就近一樣原則(1)由or，either...or...，neither...nor...，notonly...butalso...等連接的并列主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)常與最近的主語(yǔ)保持一樣。Eitheryouoroneofyourstudentsistoattendthemeetingthatisduetomorrow.要么是你要么是你的一名學(xué)生應(yīng)當(dāng)出席明天的會(huì)議。(2)由there,here引起的主語(yǔ)不止一個(gè)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)通常和最鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持一樣。Therearethreebooksandapenonthedesk.桌子上有三本書(shū)和一支鋼筆。3．意義一樣原則(1)由連詞and連接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出現(xiàn)(不行分割的整體)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Thepoetandwriterhasproducedmanyworks.這位詩(shī)人兼作家寫(xiě)出了很多作品。(2)“no/each/every/manya＋單數(shù)名詞＋and＋no/each/every/manya＋單數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Everymanandeverywomanhasagoodreasontobeproudoftheworkdonebytheirfathers.每一個(gè)人都有很好的理由為他們的父親所從事的職業(yè)感到傲慢。(3)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)。Listeningtomusicmakesmerelaxedafterabusyday.聽(tīng)音樂(lè)使我在一天的勞碌之后得到了放松?？键c(diǎn)二主謂一樣的3種特殊狀況1.“manya/morethanone＋單數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Manyaparenthashadtogothroughthissamepainfulprocess.很多父母都被迫經(jīng)驗(yàn)了這一段苦痛的過(guò)程。2．a(chǎn)ll，therest，theremaining/part...＋主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)依據(jù)句子所表達(dá)的單復(fù)數(shù)意義而定。Thefirstpartofthelecturewasvividbuttheremainingwasdull.講座的前半部分很生動(dòng)，但后半部分特別枯燥。3．“幾分之幾/百分之幾＋of＋名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般依據(jù)of后的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。Aboutonethirdofthebooksareworthreading.這些書(shū)中大約有1/3值得一讀。Only60percentoftheworkwasdoneyesterday.昨天只做了60%的工作?！蝾}組微練(單句語(yǔ)法填空/單句改錯(cuò))1．[2024·新高考Ⅰ卷]Often,onlyasmallpartofamuseum'scollection________(be)ondisplay.Mostofitisstoredawayorusedforresearch.2．[2024·天津卷]Amy，aswellasherbrothers,________(give)awarmwelcomewhenreturningtothevillagelastweek.3．[2024·江蘇卷]Themusicianalongwithhisbandmembers________(give)tenperformancesinthelastthreemonths.4．[2024·浙江卷]Thisisn'tashardasit________(sound)，anditisfarbetterthananyothermethodbecauseyouimproveyourvocabularywhilereadinganinterestingpieceofliterature.5．[2024·青島市高三統(tǒng)一質(zhì)量檢測(cè)]Tostayhealthy,thereport________(suggest)thatpeopledoatleast150minutesofmoderate(適中的)physicalactivityor75minutesofintensephysicalactivityeveryweek.6．[2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅲ]Theclassroomisaplaceforlearningandthatincludelearningfromtextbooks，andmistakesaswell.________________7．[2024·浙江卷]Hewouldaskwhowewasandpretendnottoknowus.________________技法1語(yǔ)法填空解題技法【典例感悟】1．[2024·泰安市高三一輪檢測(cè)]Thefoodwasteingreenbags________(be)processedonsiteintopiecestomakebiogas，whichpowersthecity'sbuses.2．[2024·濰坊市一中高三第一次模擬]Theysayhavingalargevarietyofplantsalso________(help)toprotectagainstpossiblecropdiseasesandfuturecrises.3．[2024·山東省六地市部分學(xué)校高三聯(lián)考]Inthepastmanyyears,thegiantpanda________(drive)outofthelowlandareaswhereitoncelivedasaresultoffarming,deforestationandotherdevelopment.4．[2024·九江十校其次次聯(lián)考]However，thankstotheinternationalagreement，there________(be)muchlessillegalhuntingsince1990.【答題微點(diǎn)】“四看”定謂語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)1．看到主語(yǔ)為第一、二人稱還是第三人稱，確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式。2．看到主語(yǔ)為動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)/todo不定式或從句，要想到謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)為第三人稱單數(shù)形式。3．看到“分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)＋of＋名詞”作主語(yǔ)，要想到謂語(yǔ)的數(shù)取決于名詞。4．看到therebe等結(jié)構(gòu)，要想到就近原則。技法2短文改錯(cuò)解題技法【典例感悟】1．[2024廣州二模]Therewasnonoisesorcarstobreakthesilence.________________2．[2024·惠州市高三模擬]I,togetherwithmyparentsandcousins,wereplanningtohaveafantasticbeachday.________________3．[2024·遼寧省重點(diǎn)中學(xué)協(xié)作體模擬]Ihappenedtohavereadyouradvertisementandhavedecidedtoapplyforthejob.Thefollowingaremyself-introduction.________________4．[2024·長(zhǎng)春外國(guó)語(yǔ)學(xué)校其次次質(zhì)量檢測(cè)]YouarethemostconsideratepersonwhoknowexactlywhatIneedinourclass.________________5．[2024·甘肅蘭州一中高三月考]Eachstudentlearnaforeignlanguage,mostlyEnglish,fromDayOneoftheircompulsoryeducation.________________【答題微點(diǎn)】“三看”定謂語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)1．看主語(yǔ)為第幾人稱，確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。2．看到“分?jǐn)?shù)/百分?jǐn)?shù)＋of＋名詞”作主語(yǔ)，要想到謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)取決于名詞的數(shù)。3．看到therebe等結(jié)構(gòu)，要用就近一樣原則。助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣考點(diǎn)一助動(dòng)詞1.助動(dòng)詞do/does/did主要幫助構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句、否定句及部分倒裝。助動(dòng)詞do/does/did后只能跟動(dòng)詞原形，助動(dòng)詞不能用作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。2．助動(dòng)詞be/being/been主要幫助構(gòu)成進(jìn)行時(shí)、完成進(jìn)行時(shí)和各種被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。需留意be雖然沒(méi)有實(shí)際意義，但卻是結(jié)構(gòu)中不行缺少的。3．助動(dòng)詞have/has/had主要是幫助構(gòu)成完成時(shí)態(tài)和完成進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。需留意其構(gòu)成形式have/has/haddone和have/has/hadbeendoing。IamLiHua，astudentfromClass2，Grade3.Iamwritingtoapplyforthepositionasastudentvolunteer.我是李華，三年級(jí)二班的一名學(xué)生。我寫(xiě)信申請(qǐng)學(xué)生志愿者職位。Itisthethirdtimethatyouhavebeenlateforworkthisweek.這是你這周第三次上班遲到?？键c(diǎn)二9大情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法1.can/could(1)表示實(shí)力(could常用于過(guò)去的實(shí)力)。Manypeoplecanusethecomputer.很多人會(huì)用電腦。Noonecouldanswerthischallengingquestion.沒(méi)人能回答這個(gè)具有挑戰(zhàn)性的問(wèn)題。(2)表示客觀或理論上的可能性。Itcanbeveryhothereinsummer.這里夏天有時(shí)會(huì)很熱。Accidentscanhappentoanydrunkendriver.醉酒的司機(jī)都有可能發(fā)生交通事故。(3)表示懇求或允許。在疑問(wèn)句中could可以代替can，語(yǔ)氣更委婉。CanIhaveawordwithyou？Itwon'ttakelong.我可以和你談?wù)剢?？不?huì)花很多時(shí)間的。(4)表示推想，意為“可能”，用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句。can比could語(yǔ)氣強(qiáng)。Hecan'tbeourmanager.HehasgonetoBeijing.他不行能是我們的經(jīng)理。我們經(jīng)理已經(jīng)去北京了。2．may/might(1)表示懇求、允許、許可，might比may的語(yǔ)氣更委婉?！狹ightIaskforapictureofyourlittledaughter?——我可以要一張你小女兒的照片嗎？—Yes,youmay.——是的，可以。(2)表示推想，意為“或許，可能”，通常用于確定句和否定句。might比may語(yǔ)氣弱?！狪don'treallylikeJames.Whydidyouinvitehim?——我真的不喜愛(ài)詹姆斯。為什么你邀請(qǐng)他？—Don'tworry.Hemightnotcome.Hesaidhewasn'tcertainwhathisplanswere.——?jiǎng)e擔(dān)憂，他或許不會(huì)來(lái)。他說(shuō)他還不能確定他的支配。3．must(1)表示“必需；應(yīng)當(dāng)”。—ShallIinformhimofthechangeoftheschedulerightnow?——我該立刻通知他日程改了嗎？—Iamafraidyoumust,incasehecomeslateforthemeeting.——我想你必需(通知他)，以免他開(kāi)會(huì)遲到。(2)表示推想，意為“確定”，用于確定句。Someonemusthaveusedmyumbrellayesterday.Ifounditwet.昨天確定有人用了我的雨傘，我發(fā)覺(jué)它濕了。(3)意為“偏要，非要……不行”。Ifyoumustgo,atleastwaituntilthestormisover.假如你非要走，至少要等到暴風(fēng)雨停止(再走)。(4)mustn't表示禁止，意為“不得，不允許；確定不要”。Thatcarismyproperty;youmustn'tuseitwithoutmypermission.那輛車(chē)是我的財(cái)產(chǎn)，你必需得到我的允許才能運(yùn)用。4．shall的用法(1)用于第一、三人稱疑問(wèn)句中，表示說(shuō)話人征求對(duì)方的看法。Shallweputoffthesportsmeettillnextmonth?我們能否將運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)推遲到下個(gè)月？ShallTomgotherewithmetomorrow?明天湯姆可以和我一起去那里嗎？(2)用于其次、三人稱陳述句中，表示說(shuō)話人的吩咐、警告、威逼、承諾、決心等；或用于條約、規(guī)定、法令、法律等，意為“必需”。Youshallbepunishedforwhatyouhavedone.你必需為你的所作所為受到懲處。5．should(1)should表示責(zé)任、義務(wù)、勸說(shuō)、建議等，意為“應(yīng)當(dāng)”。Weshouldbestrictwithourselves.我們應(yīng)當(dāng)嚴(yán)格要求自己。(2)should表示出乎意料的口氣，意為“竟然，盡然”。Suchagentlemanshoulddothat.這樣一位紳士竟然會(huì)做那種事。6．will/would(1)用于表示意志或意愿。—Whydidn'tyoucometomypartylastnight?——昨晚你為什么不參與我的晚會(huì)？—Iwantedto,butmymomsimplywouldnotletmeoutsolateatnight.——我想?yún)⑴c，但是晚上那么晚我母親就是不讓我出去。(2)表示“懇求；建議”。用would比will委婉、客氣。Will/Wouldyoupleasekeepthedooropen?請(qǐng)你把門(mén)開(kāi)著好嗎？(3)表示習(xí)慣，will可以表示現(xiàn)在的習(xí)慣，意為“總是；習(xí)慣于”。表示過(guò)去的習(xí)慣性動(dòng)作用would。Hewouldgetupearlywhenhelivedinthecountry.生活在農(nóng)村時(shí)他過(guò)去常常早起。7．need表示“須要；必要”，用于否定句、疑問(wèn)句和條件從句中。Youneedn'tbetoldtwiceaboutonesinglething.同一件事不必對(duì)你說(shuō)兩遍。—NeedItellhimeverythingthat'shappenedtohisparents?——我有必要告知他有關(guān)他父母發(fā)生的一切嗎？—Yes,youmust./No,youneedn't.——是的，必需。/不，沒(méi)必要。名師指津need還可以作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞，此時(shí)有人稱和數(shù)的改變，后面可跟名詞、帶to的不定式或動(dòng)名詞等作賓語(yǔ)，其否定形式、疑問(wèn)形式都要通過(guò)助動(dòng)詞do構(gòu)成。Plantsneedlightinordertosurvive.植物生長(zhǎng)必需有光照。DoIneedtoleavemytelephonenumberandaddress?我有必要把電話號(hào)碼和地址留下嗎？Youdon'tneedtohandinyourcompositionstoday.你們今日不必交作文。8．dare表示“敢；敢于”，主要用于疑問(wèn)句、否定句和條件從句中，一般不用于確定句。Idaresay是習(xí)慣說(shuō)法，意為“我想，或許”。Idarenotfacethedangerbravely.我不敢英勇地面對(duì)困難。9．oughtto表示義務(wù)，意為“應(yīng)當(dāng)”，語(yǔ)氣比should強(qiáng)，表示不特別確定或含蓄的推想，意為“應(yīng)是，應(yīng)當(dāng)”。Yououghttoworkharderthanbefore.你應(yīng)當(dāng)比之前更努力地工作。Yououghtnottobelateforsuchanimportantmeeting.這么重要的會(huì)議你不應(yīng)當(dāng)遲到的?！蝾}組微練(單句語(yǔ)法填空)1．[2024·天津卷]Jimsayswe________stayinhishouseaslongasweleaveitcleanandtidy.2．[2024·天津卷]Itwasreallyannoying；I________notgetaccesstothedatabankyouhadrecommended.3．[2024·北京卷]Ilovetheweekend，becauseI________notgetupearlyonSaturdaysandSundays.4．[2024·蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)教情調(diào)查]Annsaidwheneverherfatherwasunhappyhe________gooutandbuysomething,usuallysomethinglargeanduseless.考點(diǎn)三5大表示推想的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法比較情態(tài)動(dòng)詞適用句式適用時(shí)態(tài)意義must確定句一般時(shí)、進(jìn)行時(shí)、完成時(shí)確定，確定Jackdescribedhisfather,whomusthavebeenabraveboymanyyearsago，asastrongwilledman.杰克描述了他的父親，他多年前確定是一個(gè)英勇的男孩，是個(gè)意志堅(jiān)毅的人。can(could)疑問(wèn)句，否定句一般時(shí)、進(jìn)行時(shí)、完成時(shí)可能，能夠Itcan'tbethepostmanatthedoor.It'sonlysixo'clock.不行能是門(mén)口的郵遞員?，F(xiàn)在才六點(diǎn)鐘。may(might)否定句一般時(shí)、進(jìn)行時(shí)、完成時(shí)或許，可能—Ileftmyhandbagonthetrain，butluckilysomeonegaveittoarailwayofficial.我把手提包落在火車(chē)上了，但幸運(yùn)地是有人把它交給了鐵路官員。—Howunbelievabletogetitback！Imean，someonemighthavestolenit.能再得到它真不行思議！我的意思是，有人有可能已經(jīng)偷走了它。should(oughtto)否定句一般時(shí)、完成時(shí)確定或期盼，“應(yīng)當(dāng)”Ishouldn'thavewatchedthatmovie—it'llgivemehorribledreams.我本不應(yīng)看那部電影，它會(huì)帶給我可怕的夢(mèng)。will(would)確定句，否定句，疑問(wèn)句一般時(shí)、進(jìn)行時(shí)、完成時(shí)或許Thiswillbethehouseyou'relookingfor.這或許就是你在找尋的那個(gè)房子。◎題組微練(單句語(yǔ)法填空)1．[2024·天津卷]Ican'tfindmypurse.Imight________(leave)itinthesupermarketyesterday,butI'mnotsure.2．[浙江卷]George________(notgo)toofar.Hiscoffeeisstillwarm.3．[2024·天津河?xùn)|一模]—WhereismyChinesebook?IrememberIputithereyesterday.—You________haveputitinthewrongplace.考點(diǎn)四狀語(yǔ)從句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法1.非真實(shí)條件句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法虛擬語(yǔ)氣從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反過(guò)去式(be的過(guò)去式形式用were)would/could/should/might＋動(dòng)詞原形與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反過(guò)去完成式would/could/should/might＋havedone與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反①weretodo②shoulddo③過(guò)去式would/could/should/might＋動(dòng)詞原形Ifmybrotherwerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.要是我弟弟在這兒，一切都會(huì)好的。Ifitshouldrainthisafternoon，thebasketballmatchwouldbeputoff.要是今日下午下雨，籃球競(jìng)賽就會(huì)被推遲。[2024·北京卷單項(xiàng)填空]Whydidn'tyoutellmeaboutyourtroublelastweek？Ifyouhadtoldme,Icouldhavehelped.上個(gè)星期你為什么不把你的困難告知我？假如你告知我，我會(huì)幫助你的。名師指津(1)在if引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句中，條件句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中含有had/were/should時(shí)，可以把if省略，把had/were/should提到句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句。Hadyou(＝Ifyouhad)comeearlier,youwouldhavecaughttheearlybus.假如你早點(diǎn)來(lái)，就能趕上早班車(chē)了。WereI(＝IfIwere)twentynow,Iwouldjointhearmy.假如我現(xiàn)在20歲，我就參軍。Shouldhecome(＝Ifheshouldcome),tellhimtoringmeup.他要是來(lái)了，讓他給我打個(gè)電話。(2)假如主句和從句是對(duì)不同時(shí)間的事實(shí)的虛擬，則被稱為錯(cuò)綜虛擬語(yǔ)氣。此時(shí)主句常有明顯的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。MaybeifIhadstudiedscience,andnotliteraturethen,Iwouldbeabletogiveyoumorehelpnow.或許假如當(dāng)時(shí)我學(xué)的是理科不是文科的話，那么我現(xiàn)在就可以給你更多的幫助了。2．虛擬語(yǔ)氣在含蓄條件句中的用法有時(shí)假設(shè)的條件不通過(guò)條件狀語(yǔ)從句表達(dá)出來(lái)，而是隱含在某些詞或短語(yǔ)中，或隱含在上下文中，這種叫含蓄虛擬語(yǔ)氣。常見(jiàn)的這類(lèi)詞或短語(yǔ)有：without(要是)沒(méi)有incase萬(wàn)一；以防butfor要不是supposing假如forfearthat以免otherwise否則or否則Wecouldnothavestayedtogetherforasingleminutebutforaphonecall.要不是一個(gè)電話，我們不行能在一起待一分鐘。考點(diǎn)五其他從句中虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法1.主語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣Itisdesired/suggested/proposed/necessary/important/strange/natural/essential/apity＋that從句，從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用“(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形”。Itisnecessarythathe(should)sortouttheinformationformyreference.他有必要整理些信息供我參考。2．賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣(1)wish后面的賓語(yǔ)從句一般用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示一種不行能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成形式如下表：虛擬語(yǔ)氣從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反過(guò)去式(be動(dòng)詞一般用were)與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反had＋過(guò)去分詞與將來(lái)事實(shí)相反would/could/might＋動(dòng)詞原形Iwish(that)Iwereabirdandcouldflyfreelyinthesky.我希望我是只小鳥(niǎo)，能在天空自由翱翔。Iwish(that)Ihadmetthatfilmstaryesterday.我多希望昨天見(jiàn)到了那個(gè)影星。(2)表示“建議；吩咐；要求”等意義時(shí)，賓語(yǔ)從句用“(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形”。常見(jiàn)的此類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有：①堅(jiān)持：insist；②吩咐：order,command；③建議：advise,suggest,recommend；④要求：request,require,demand,ask。Itisstronglyrecommendedthatthemachines(should)becheckedeveryyear.劇烈建議將這些機(jī)器每年檢查一次。ShesuggestedthatDalejointhedebatingteam,believingthatpracticeinspeakingcouldgivehimtheconfidenceandrecognitionthatheneeded.她建議戴爾參與辯論隊(duì)，她認(rèn)為辯論隊(duì)里的演講練習(xí)會(huì)賜予他所須要的信念和認(rèn)可。(3)wouldrather/prefer＋that從句(從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣)①表示愿望與“現(xiàn)在事實(shí)或?qū)?lái)事實(shí)相反”，從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。Iwouldratheryouwerenotherewithmenow.我寧愿你現(xiàn)在不在我身邊。②表示愿望與“過(guò)去事實(shí)相反”，從句用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。Iwouldratheryouhadn'tdonethat.我寧愿你沒(méi)有做那件事。3．表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣(1)在suggestion,proposal,order,plan,idea,request,advice等名詞后的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其構(gòu)成是“(should＋)動(dòng)詞原形”。Wefollowedhisadvicethatwe(should)askourteacherforhelp.我們接受了他要求我們向老師求助的建議。(2)asif,asthough引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。Shelooksasifnothinghadhappenedtoher.她看起來(lái)似乎什么事都沒(méi)發(fā)生似的。4．定語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣It's(about/high/very)time＋that從句(從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般過(guò)去時(shí)或should＋動(dòng)詞原形，should不能省略)，意為“某人該做某事了”。It'stimethatweshouldgo/wenthome.該到我們回家的時(shí)間了。5．ifonly從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣ifonly引導(dǎo)的感嘆句，其虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)與wish后接賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣的結(jié)構(gòu)相同。Ifonlythedriverhadn'tdrivensofastthen!要是司機(jī)那時(shí)沒(méi)開(kāi)那么快就好了?！蝾}組微練(單句語(yǔ)法填空)1．[2024·湖北四地七校第一次聯(lián)考]Itishightimethatyou________(consider)thatiftherewerenostressinyourlife，youwouldachievealittle.2．[2024·肇慶模擬]Hewasstillrunningwithasmileonhisface，asifnothing________(happen)．3．[2024·東北三校聯(lián)考]Theordercamethatthemedicalsupplies________(send)totheearthquake-strickenareasoon.4．[2024·甘肅天水一中段考]Johnwantstoseemenow，butIhavesomuchworkonhandthatIwouldratherhe________(come)tomorrowthantoday.技法1語(yǔ)法填空解題技法【典例感悟】1．[2024·北京卷]Samuel,thetallestboyinourclass,________easilyreachthebooksonthetopshelf.2．[2024·江蘇卷]IfIhadn'tbeenfacedwithsomanybarriers,I________(notbe)whereIam.3．[2024·天津卷]Theworkerswerenotbetterorganized，otherwisethey________(accomplish)thetaskinhalfthetime.4．[2024·江蘇卷]Whatapity！Youmissedthesightseeing，orwe________(have)agoodtimetogether.5．[2024·北京卷]Theymighthavefoundabetterhotelifthey________(drive)afewmorekilometers.6．[2024·江蘇卷]Thereisagoodsociallifeinthevillage，andIwishI________(have)asecondchancetobecomemoreinvolved.7．[2024·天津卷]Ifwe________(catch)theflightyesterday，wewouldbeenjoyingourholidayonthebeachnow.【答題微點(diǎn)】語(yǔ)法填空解題“2留意”1．若句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為原形，在其前設(shè)純空格題時(shí)，留意考慮情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。然后依據(jù)句意或句式結(jié)構(gòu)填入恰當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞。2．一旦推斷所給動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語(yǔ)，就要考慮其時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣、主謂一樣等，特殊是留意虛擬語(yǔ)氣中的時(shí)態(tài)。推斷虛擬語(yǔ)氣，除了常見(jiàn)的if虛擬條件句，還應(yīng)留意其他常搭配虛擬語(yǔ)氣的標(biāo)記詞，如suggest,wouldrather,asif,wish,or,otherwise,butfor等。技法2短文改錯(cuò)的解題技法【典例感悟】1．[2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ]Asakid,Ilovedtowatchcartoons，butnomatterhowmanytimesIaskedtowatchthem，myparentswouldnottoletme.________________2．[2024·南昌十校二模]Asaresult，Isuggestwearegivenlesshomeworkandmoretimeforout-of-classroomactivities.________________3．[2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ]Wecanchosebetweenstayingathomeandtakingatrip.________________4．[2024·全國(guó)卷Ⅱ]Someclassmatessuggestwecangotoplacesofinterestnearby.________________【答題微點(diǎn)】短文改錯(cuò)解題“2視角”1．看句中情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是否運(yùn)用正確。2．看是否考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。若是考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣，留意分清主句與從句中的時(shí)態(tài)關(guān)系以及不同句式中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣構(gòu)成形式。Ⅰ.語(yǔ)法填空[2024·青島高三質(zhì)檢]Chinesemuseumsmighthavebeen1.________(temporary)closedearlierthisyear,2.________manyarestillopentoonlinevisitors.A3.________(grow)numberofChinesemuseumsarepresentingtheircollectionofartifacts(手工藝品)ontheInternet.SinceFebruary,onlineplatformsincludingTaobaoandDouyin4.________(hold)livestreaming(直播)eventsfromChina'smuseums.Theprograms,5.________havereceivedmorethan10million6.________(day)visits,haveprovedpopularaccordingtomediareports.SomelivestreaminghostshavebecomeInternetcelebrities.BaiXuesong,thehostofXi'anBeilinMuseum'slivestreamingeventonSunday,receivedmorethan1.75million“l(fā)ikes”.Avoidingboringdescriptionwhileintroducingexhibits,hishumoroustoneandfunnystorieswonthe7.________(heart)ofhisaudience.Insteadofbeinglaidasideand8.________(ignore),theculturalheritageshould9.________(rich)thepublic'sknowledgeandexpandtheiroutlook.Theselivestreamingeventsare10.________s