資訊：英國(guó)大學(xué)正在喪失其社會(huì)責(zé)任范文

資訊：英國(guó)大學(xué)正在喪失其社會(huì)責(zé)任范文本篇是中國(guó)精心挑選的，中國(guó)致力于帶給大家高品質(zhì)的資訊，希望可以幫助到有需要的朋友們，望大家喜歡，喜歡的朋友，可以收藏這個(gè)網(wǎng)址喲!‘Whatistruth?”saidjestingPilate–inBacon’sfamousphrase.Whatispublicandwhatisprivate?Thisisaquestionthatpeopleinhighereducationcouldwellaskthemselvesin2015.“真相是什么”Pilate打趣地說道——這是培根著名的句子。什么事公共的什么事私人的?這是高等教育的人們?cè)?015年會(huì)問起的一個(gè)問題。Theyshouldasknotsomuchbecauseofthescatteringofprivate–somefor-profit,somecharitable–institutionsthathasbeenallowedintothe(English)systemeitherthroughthefrontdoorbybeinggivendegree-awardingpowersoruniversitytitlesorviathebackdoorbybeingabletotapintostudentloans.他們不應(yīng)該問這么多，因?yàn)樗搅⒌脑盒?，不論是盈利為目的還是慈善的，已經(jīng)進(jìn)入了英國(guó)的體系，有些是光明正大地因?yàn)閷W(xué)校的學(xué)術(shù)能力或者學(xué)校名聲，有些是靠走后門收取學(xué)生費(fèi)用。Mostaresmallnicheplayers.Theirstudentsarecountedinthehundreds,notthethousands.Theyarenothreat–yet–totheestablisheduniversities.Maybetheyneverwillbe.很多私立學(xué)校是小學(xué)校。學(xué)生只有幾百人不到上千人。他們對(duì)已經(jīng)成立的院校沒有任何威脅。也許永遠(yuǎn)都不會(huì)。Thequestionneedstobeaskedbecausethemainstream,still-just-aboutpublic,systemisbecomingincreasingly“private”.Universitiesnowconceiveofthemselvesascorporateorganisationsdrivenbybusinessplans.這個(gè)問題值得一問是因?yàn)橹髁鞯墓⒔逃兊迷絹碓剿接谢?。學(xué)校門把自己看做是以商業(yè)目的為驅(qū)使的公司企業(yè)。Weneedtoknockthreemythsonthehead.Thefirstisthatthepublic-privatedistinctionhassomethingtodowithlegalstatus.Allpublicuniversities,ineffect,havebeenlegallyestablishedasindependentcorporations.我們立馬會(huì)想到三件事。第一件是公立和私立在法律地位上有差異。事實(shí)上所有公立大學(xué)都是像獨(dú)立企業(yè)一樣建立的。Theprecisetermsinwhichthisindependenceisexpresseddiffer–royalcharters,statute-ledinstrumentsandarticlesofgovernment,companieslimitedbyguarantee.Buttheeffectsarethesame–andnotasdifferentasweimaginefromthegovernanceofso-calledprivateinstitutions.在這里獨(dú)立表示的精確意思是有區(qū)別的——皇家特許狀，法令規(guī)定的法律文件，政府文件，有擔(dān)保人的公司。但是其作用是一致的——并不是跟我們所想的私立學(xué)校的管理一樣。Theonlysubstantialdifferenceisthatallpublicinstitutionsareregardedascharities–andregulatedaccordingly.Onlysomeofthenewprivateinstitutionsfallintothesamecategory.唯一一個(gè)主要的區(qū)別在于所有的公立學(xué)校都被認(rèn)為是慈善的并且根據(jù)相應(yīng)法規(guī)約束的。只有少數(shù)的私立院校在這一類別里面。Thesecondmythisthatthedistinctionhassomethingtodowithreceivingpublicmoney.SomeprivatecollegesthathaveattractedthebeadyattentionofMargaretHodge’spublicaccountscommitteegetmorepublicmoneyinproportiontotheirturnoversthantheLondonSchoolofEconomics,oneofourworld-classuniversities.第二件事就是收取公眾費(fèi)用的差別。一些私立學(xué)校吸引了MargaretHodge的公有賬戶投入更多的財(cái)政，比例甚至超過了世界一流的倫敦經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院。Thethirdmythisthatprivateinstitutionsarefreerfromstateinterference.TheymaynothavetoconformtothecontrolexercisedbytheHigherEducationFundingCouncilforEnglandthroughitsfinancialmemorandumormaybemoreshelteredfromtherequirementsimposedbyfreedomofinformationlegislation.Butprivateinstitutionsowetheirlicencetooperatetothestate,bybeinggivendegree-awardingpowersoruniversitytitles(whichcanberevoked).PrivatecollegesarealsofarmorelikelytobeexposedtocensurebytheQualityAssuranceAgency.Themorepublicmoneytheyreceive,themoretheywillbeboundbyregulation.第三件事