研究生學術英語寫作 課件 Chapter 6 Conclusion

Chapter6ConclusionGraduateAcademicEnglishWriting

ContentsDefinitionofaConclusion1StructureofaConclusion

2StrategiesforWritingaConclusion3TipsforEffectiveConclusions4UsefulExpressionsinSummarizingandConcluding5

Summarizesmainpointsandfindingsofanacademicpaper.

Concludesthewriter’sargumentorresearch.

Equallyormoresignificantthantheintroduction.

Shapesthereaders’finalimpression.

Indicatestheendofthewriting.Commentonbroaderimplicationsandfutureresearchneeds.1.DefinitionofaConclusion2.StructureofaConclusionIntroductionConclusionGeneral

SpecificSpecificGeneralGeneralizationandsynthesisarekeywritingapproachesincraftingaconclusion.Bymovingfromspecifictogeneral,youallowyourreaderstoseethefullscopeofyourresearchanditspotentialimpact.Ithelpstodemonstratetherelevanceandimportanceofyourworkbeyondtheimmediatecontextofyourstudy.Swales&Feak(2000:219)emphasizetheminimumrequirementsintheconcludingpartofapieceofacademicwriting.

arestatementofwhatthedissertationhasattemptedtodoandwhy;

a“higherandbroaderpass”overthemainormostsignificantfindings;

somediscussionofthelimitationsofthestudy;somesuggestionsforfurtherresearchandwhyitwouldbeworthwhile.2.StructureofaConclusionExampleReadtheconclusionofChatGPTandanylyzeitsstructure.2.StructureofaConclusionExample

RestatementofPurpose(Whatthestudyattemptedtodoandwhy):Theconclusionbeginsbyrestatingthestudy’spurpose,emphasizingthatitisoneofthefirsttoexploretheapplicationofChatGPTinthetourismfield.Itclarifiesthestudy’sintenttoidentifykeyimpactareasofChatGPTandLLMsandtodevelopaframeworkfortheirapplication,benefits,andrisks.2.StructureofaConclusionExample

HigherandBroaderPass(MainorMostSignificantFindings):Theconclusionprovidesacomprehensiveoverviewofthestudy’ssignificantfindings.ItdiscussesthepotentialofChatGPTtoincreaseefficiencyintourismbusinessprocessesandcontributetotheserviceevolutionoftourism.Italsotouchesontheimplicationsofhuman-machinehybridwork,whereAIcapabilitiesarecomplementedbyhumanskills,andthepotentialforChatGPTtoaugmentemployeeskillsinbothfront-of-houseandback-of-houseoperations.2.StructureofaConclusionExample

DiscussionofLimitations:Theconclusionacknowledgesthelimitationsofthestudy,particularlythelackofempiricaldata,whichmayhinderafullassessmentoftheimpactofChatGPTontourism.ItalsonotestheevolvingnatureofAI,suggestingthatthecurrentlimitationsandcapabilitiesofLLMsmaychange,thusaffectingthestudy’sapplicabilityinthefuture.2.StructureofaConclusionExample

SuggestionsforFurtherResearch(Whyitwouldbeworthwhile):TheconclusionrecommendsfurtherresearchtobetterunderstandthefullpotentialandconsequencesofChatGPTintourism.Thisincludesinvestigatinghowtomitigatetheassociatedrisks,thelong-termeffectsonthelabormarket,andthedevelopmentofstrategiestoensuretheworkforceispreparedforhuman-machinecollaboration.Theneedforresearchintheseareasisemphasizedtoguidepolicy-making,education,andindustryadaptationtothechangingtechnologicallandscape.2.StructureofaConclusion

RestatingtheThesisAvoidMonotony:Donotsimplyrepeatthethesisverbatim.UseVariation:Introducevarietyinbothvocabularyandsentencestructuretocapturecentralideas.OfferaRenewedPerspective:Provideafreshviewpointthatengagesthereaderandstrengthenstheargumentorresearch.EnhanceCoherence:Improvestheconclusion’soverallflowandclarity.HighlightDepthandComplexity:Emphasizestheintricacyoftheideasdiscussedthroughoutthepaper.3.Strategiesfor

WritingaConclusion

SummarizingtheThesisandTopicSentencesGeneralizePoints:Extractthemainpointsfromthepaperandcombinethemintoconcisestatements.Capture

Essence:Ensurethemesorideasreflectthecorediscussion.Synthesize:Integratekeypointsforacomprehensiveoverview.AvoidRedundancy:Preventrepetitivecontentintheconclusion.ConciseandClearSummary:Createasummarythatisbothbriefandclear.3.Strategiesfor

WritingaConclusion

OpeningOutForesight:Createaforward-lookingconclusion.IlluminateSignificance:Highlightthefuturerelevanceofthediscussedtopic.ShiftFocus:Movefrompastdiscussiontofutureimplicationsandapplications.PotentialInnovationandChallenges:Suggestthetopic’spotentialtoinnovationorchangeandimplyitsroleinsolvingproblems.EncourageSpeculation:Promptreaderstothinkbeyondthetextandimaginepossibilities.3.Strategiesfor

WritingaConclusion

EvaluatingConclusionsTheconclusionshouldbepersuasive,leavingthereaderwithaclearunderstandingofthevalueandimpactofyourresearch.

ReaffirmingThesisStatementSummarizingKeyFindingsAddressingImplicationsandFutureResearchReflectingonPracticalApplicationsHighlightingBroaderSignificance3.Strategiesfor

WritingaConclusion

PresentNovelInsights:Offerfreshperspectivesorideas.

EnsureRelevance:

Ensurenewinformationrelatedirectlytotheprecedingdiscussion.

StayConcise:Keeptheconclusionbriefandtothepoint.4.TipsforEffectiveConclusions

EstablishContinuity:Connecttheconclusionbacktotheintroductiontocreateasenseofclosure.

OfferFutureInsights:Suggestfutureresearchdirections.

ExerciseCautionwithRhetoricalQuestions:

Usethemsparinglytohighlightkeypointsorstim