初升高暑假英語銜接課講義：第二講 定語從句二

第二講定語從句二

目標(biāo)導(dǎo)航：

1.銜接第三單元經(jīng)典背記和語法難點(diǎn)，鍛煉認(rèn)知策略中的復(fù)述策略

2.復(fù)習(xí)和掌握第一、二單元的基礎(chǔ)語法知識(shí)

3.通過自我檢測做一些基礎(chǔ)檢查和鞏固提高，提高認(rèn)知能力

一、知識(shí)整合

（1）概念

（1）限制性定語從句：限制性定語從句說明先行詞的情況，對(duì)先行詞起限定作用，與先行詞關(guān)系十分密切，

不用逗號(hào)隔開，也不可省略，否則全句意義就不完整。

限制性定語從句的引導(dǎo)詞可用關(guān)系代詞that,which,who（whom,whose）,as和關(guān)系副詞when,where,why。

（2）非限制性定語從句：非限制性定語從句只是對(duì)先行詞作補(bǔ)充說明，沒有限定作用，它與先行詞的關(guān)系

比較松散，不是關(guān)鍵性的，如果省略，原句的意義仍然完整。這種從句在朗讀時(shí)要有停頓，在文字中通常

用逗號(hào)與主句隔開。

引導(dǎo)豐限制性定語從句的關(guān)系代詞，指人時(shí)用who,whom,whose,指物時(shí)用which,whose;關(guān)系副詞when,

where,etCo（沒有代詞that和副詞why）。

例：1.Hestudiedhardatschoolwhenhewasyoung,whichleadstohissuccessinhislaterlife.

2.Tom'sfather,whoarrivedjustnow,isafamousscientist.

3.Theysetupaseparatestateoftheirown,wheretheywouldbefreetokeepNegroesasslaves.

4.Hewasproud,whichhisbrotherneverwas.

（-）易混淆的關(guān)系代詞的比較

（A）as&which

as&which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別：

1）位置的不同：which引導(dǎo)的定語從句只置于所限制的句子后；as位置較靈活，也就是說as可置于所限制

的句子前面；插在句子中或放在句子后。如：

1.Hewaslateagain,whichmadehisteacherveryangry.

2.Jack,asyouknow,isanhonestman.或Jackisanhonestman,asyouknow.

或Asyouknow,Jackisanhonestman.

2）先吁詞的不同：as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，其先行詞多為一個(gè)句子；which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)，

其先行詞可以是一個(gè)詞，一個(gè)短語或一個(gè)句子。如：

1Hewasproud,whichhisbrotherneverwas.（先行詞是一個(gè)詞）

Shewasverypatienttowardsthechildren,whichherhusbandseldomwas.（先行詞是一個(gè)短語）

Hewasproud,whichIdislikeverymuch.（先行詞是一個(gè)句子）

2.Heisanhonestman,asisknowntoall.（先行詞是一個(gè)句子）

Hewasaforeigner,asIknowfromhisaccent.（先行詞是一個(gè)句子）

3）as一般譯為“正如”，“就像”，“這一點(diǎn)”如：

asweallknow；asyouknow;asisknowntoall;asyousee;aswecansee;ashasbeenexpected（正如所

預(yù)期的那樣）；aswehaveimagined（正如我們所想象的那般）.

（B）that&which:

在定語從句中，which和that在指代事物時(shí)，一般可以互換使用，但并非在任何情況下都是這樣。

宜用that,而不宜用which的情況：

1）先吁詞為不定代詞，如all,much,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone等。如:

1Wcshoulddoallthatisusefultothepeople.

2.There'snothingthatcanbesaidaboutit.

3.Doyoumeantheonethatwasboughtyesterday?

2）先夕亍詞被only,any,few,little,no,just,very,oneof等詞修飾時(shí)。如：

l.Theonlythingthatwecoulddowastowait.

2That'stheverywordthatiswronglyused.

3Thelastplace（that）wevisitedwasthechemicalworks.

4.Youcantakeany（=whichever）seatthatisfree.

5.1hopethelittlethatIcanwillbeofsomehelptothem.

6.比較*Thisisoneofthebestnovelsthatwerepublishedlastyear.

*Thisistheonlyoneofthebestnovelsthatwaspublishedlastyear.

3）先吁詞是序數(shù)詞時(shí)或被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。如：

1WhenwetalkaboutWuxi,thefirstthatcomesintomindisTaiLake.

2.Thisisthethirdfilmthathasbeenshowninourschoolthisterm.

4）先夕亍詞是最高級(jí)或被最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)。如：

1Thisisthebestthatcanbedonenow.

2Themostimportantthingthatshouldbedonerightnowishowtostophimfromgoingon.

5）先行詞既有人又有物，用which和who都不適合，這時(shí)宜用that.如：

l.Thewriterandhisnovelthatyouhavejusttalkedaboutisreallywellknown.

2.Theriderandhisbikethathadrunoveranoldwomanwereheldupbythepolice.

6）被修飾詞為數(shù)詞時(shí).如：

1YesterdayIcaughttwofishandputthsminabasinofwater.Nowyoucanseethetwothatarestillalive.

7）如果有兩個(gè)從句，其中一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞已用which,另一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞宜用that,以避免語言的單調(diào)或重復(fù)。

如：

1.Edisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.

8）疑問詞是who或which,關(guān)系代詞宜用that,以避免重復(fù)。如:

1.Whichisthebookthatyoulikebest?

2.Whoisthemanthatisstandingatthegate?

9）主句是Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾其主句的定語從句宜用that作關(guān)系代詞.如：

1.Thereisstillaseatinthecomerthatisstillfree.

10）被修飾成分為表語時(shí)，或者關(guān)系代詞本身是定語從句的表語時(shí)，該關(guān)系代詞宜用that.如：

1.That'sagoodbookthatwillhelpyoualot.

2.Myhomevillageisnolongertheplace（that）itusedtobe.

宜用which而不宜用that的情況：

1）當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞的前面有介詞時(shí).如：

l.Azooisaparkinwhichmanykindsofanimalsarekeptforexhibition.

2.1sthistheroominwhichMr.Whitelives?

2）在非限制性定語從句中.如：

1Crusoe'sdog,whichwasarenowver>old,becameillanddied.

2.MoreandmorepeoplearebeginningtolearnEnglish,whichisbecomingverypopularinourcountry,

（which指代主句）

3）在一個(gè)句子中有兩個(gè)定語從句，其中一個(gè)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞用了that,另一個(gè)宜用which.如：

I.LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIbonowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous.

2.AtthestationIboughtsomemagazinesthatmighthelpmetopassthetimeonthetrainandwhichIcould

passontootherswhenIfinishedthem.

4）當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞后面帶有插入語時(shí).如：

1.Here'stheEnglishgrammarwhich,asIhavetoldyou,willhelpimproveyourEnglish.

5）先夕亍詞本身是thal,宜用which.如:

What'sthatwhichsheislookingat?

6）先夕亍詞是those+復(fù)數(shù)名詞.如：

Ashopshouldkeepastockofthosegoodswhichsellbest.

（C）who&that:

who和that指代人時(shí)，有些情況宜用who,而不宜用that：

1）先號(hào)詞為anyone,anybody,those,all,on?,ones,they,he,people時(shí).如：

l.ThepersonIwanttolearnfromistheonewhostudieshardandworkswell.

2.Anyonewho（=Whoever）failedtocometothemeetingyesterdaymustgivehisreason.

3Thosewhoarenotfitfortheirworkshouldleaveofficeatonce

4.1don'tliketheones（=those）whotalkbig.

5Personswhoarequarrelsomearedespised.

2）在Therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中，修飾主語的定語從句宜用關(guān)系代詞who指代人.如：

1.Thereisagentlemanwhowantstoseeyou.

2Therearcseveralstudentsinourclasswhoarcstillnotsureabouttheuseofattributiveclauses.

3）當(dāng)先行詞有較長的后置定語時(shí).如：

1.1metaforeignerintheparkyesterdayafternoonwhocouldspeakChineseverywell.

4）一個(gè)句子中帶有兩個(gè)定語從句，其中一個(gè)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞是that,另一個(gè)則宜用who,以免重復(fù).如：

1.Thestudentthatwaspraisedatyesterday'smeetingisthemonitorwhoisverymodestandworksveryhard.

（三）定語從句與同位語從句的區(qū)別

1）與先行詞關(guān)系不同。定語從句修飾限定先行詞，它與先行詞是修飾選系；同位語從句說明先行詞的具體

內(nèi)容，它與先行詞是同位關(guān)系。

比較：Hetoldmethenewsthatourteamwon.

Hetoldmethenewsthat/whichwasveryexciting.

比較：We'reinterestedinthenewsthatsomeforeignerswillvisitourschool.

We,reinterestedinthenewsthathetoldus.

2）引導(dǎo)詞不同。定語從句由關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)，在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)相應(yīng)的成分，關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓

語時(shí)可以省略；同位語從句主要由連接詞that引導(dǎo)，在從句中一般不擔(dān)當(dāng)成分，不可省略，有時(shí)也可用where,

who,whether,when,how,what等連詞引導(dǎo)，而這些連詞在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)成分。

比較：Theproblem（that）wearefacingnowishowwecancollectsomuchmoney

Theproblemhowwecancollectsomuchmoneyisdifficulttosolve.

比較：Thequestion（that）heraisedpuzzledallofus.

Thequestionwhetherheissuretowinthegameishardtoanswer.

3）同位語從句與先行詞一般可以發(fā)展成一個(gè)完整的句子，謂語動(dòng)詞用be

WefeltrelievedtolearnthenewsthatSARSwasfinallybroughtundercontrol.

-*ThenewswasthatSARSwasfinallybroughtundercontrol.

ThenewsthatLiNingalonewonthresgoldmedalsattheOlympicGamessoonspreadallovertheworld.

-*ThenewswasthatLiNingalonewonthreegoldmedalsattheOlympicGames

二、專題指津

填空練習(xí)

Lit*ssuchaninterestingfilmweallwanttoseeit.

2.He'ssuchagoodteacherweallloveandrespect.

3.rveneverseensuchkindpeopletheyare.

4.iswellknown,greatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinainthepasttenyears.

5.iswellknownthatgreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinainthepasttenyears.

6.weallknowisthatgreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChinainthepasttenyears.

7.rdliketobuythesameT-shirtyouarewearingnow.

8.rdliketousethesamepenIusedyesterday.

9.1wassurprisedthathedidthisthesameIhaddone.

10.Thosetoldyoutogiveupsmokingwerequiteright.

1l.Shehastwobrothers,bothofarenowinAmerica.

12.Shehastwobrothers.BothofarenowinAmerica.

13.ShehastwobrothersandbothofarenowinAmerica.

14.Shereturnedtothesameplaceshehadlostherbag.

15.Wehopetogetsuchatoolheisusing.

16.1don'tlikesuchkindofmusicIheardjustnow.

17.Don'treadsuchbooksyoudon'tunderstand.

18.Sheissuchanexcellentstudentisoftenpraisedbytheteacher.

19.Shcissuchanexcellentstudentsheisoftenpraisedbytheteacher.

2O.Theteachersetsuchdifficultproblemsnobodycouldworkoutnoneofuspassedthetest.

三、自我檢測

單項(xiàng)選擇

1.Isthisthefactoryyouvisitedtheotherday?

A.ThatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone

2.Isthisfactory__________someforeignfriendsvisitedlastFriday?

A.ThatB.whereC.whichD.theone

3.Isthisthefactory_________heworkedtenyearsago?

A.ThatB.whereC.whichD.theone

4.Thewolveshidthemselvesintheplaces_________couldn'lbefound.

A.ThatB.whereC.inwhichD.inthat

5.Thefreezingpointisthetemperature__________waterchangesintoice.

A.atwhichB.onthatC.inwhichD.ofwhat

6.Thereasonis__________heisunabletooperatethemachine.

A.BecauseB.whyC.thatD.whether

7.1'11tellyou_________hetoldmelastweek.

A.allwhichB.thatC.allthatD.which

8.Thaltree,_________branchesarealmostbare,isveryold.

A.WhoseB.ofwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich

9.1haveboughtthesamedress__________sheiswearing.

A.asB.thatC.whichD.what

10.We'retalkingaboutthepianoandthepianistwereintheconcertweattendedlastnight.

A.whichB.whomC.whoD.that

11.Anyonethisopinionmayspeakout.

A.thatagainstsB.thatagainstC.whoisagainstD.whoareagainst

12.Didn'tyouseetheman*

A.InoddedjustnowB.whomInoddedjustnow

C.InoddedtohimjustnowD.Inoddedtojustnow

13.Isthereanything_________toyou?

A.thatbelongedB.thatbelongs

C.thatbelongD.whichbelongs

14.--“Howdoyoulikethebook?”

----"Il'squitedifferentfromIreadlastmonth.w

A.ThatB.whichC.theoneD.theonewhat

15.Mr.Zhanggavethetextbooktoallthepupilsexceptwhohadalreadytakenthem.

A.theonesB.onesC.someD.theothers

16.Thetrainshewastravelingwaslate.

A.whichB.whereC.onwhichD.inthat

17.It*sthethirdtimelatethismonth.

A.thatyouarrivedB.whenyouarrived

C.thatyou,vearrivedD.whenyou,vearrived

18.MaythefourthisthedayweChinesepeoplewillneverfbrget.

A.whichB.whenC.onwhichD.aboutwhich

19.Isitinthatfactory__________"RedFlag"carsareproduced?

A.inwhichB.whereC.whichD.that

20.HemustbefromAfrica,__________carbeseenfromhisskin.

A.thatB.asC.whoD.what

21.Hehastwosons,__________workaschemists.

A.twoofwhomB.bothofwhom

C.bothofwhichD.allofwhom

22.1,__________yourgoodfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouout.

A.whoisB.whoamC.thatisD.whatis

23.1don'tlike__________youspeaktoher.

A.thewayB.thewayinthat

C.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich

24.Thetwothings__________theyfeltveryproudareJim'sgoldwatchandDella'shair.

A.aboutwhichB.ofwhichC.inwhichD.forwhich

25.Doyouknowwhichhotel__________?

A.sheisstayingB.sheisstayinginC.isshestayingD.isshestayingin

26.Whocanthinkofasituation__________thisidiomcanbeused?

A.whichB.thatC.whereD.inthat

27.Theastronautdidmanyexperimentsinthespaceship,muchhelpfbrknowingspace.

A.whichwethinkitisB.whichwethinkareof

C.ofwhichwethinkisD.Ithinkwhichisof

28.Thegreatdaywelookedforwardtoatlast.

A.ComeB.cameC.comingD.comes

29.1likethesecondfootballmatchwasheldlastweek.

A.whichB.whoC.thatD./

30.ThisistheveryfilmI'velongwishedtosee.

A.whichB.thatC.whoD.whom

3LThehousethecapitalistusedtoliveinisnowanursery.

A.thatB.whereC.whatD.when

32.Thedoctordidalltosavethewoundedboy.

A.whathecouldB.hecould

C.everythingwhichhecouldD.fbrwhichhecoulddo

33.youknow,heisafamousmusician.

A.AsB.whichC.ThatD./

34,Heistheonlyoneofthethreegotthenewidea.

A.whohaveB.whomhaveC.whohas