高中三年級(jí)上學(xué)期英語高考英語閱讀理解之推理判斷題課件

高考閱讀理解推理判斷題

高考閱讀解題技巧LearningobjectivesIn

this

class

you

will

:1.know

thefourtypesofquestionsofinferenceinReading.2.mastertheskillstodealwiththequestionsofinferencebylearningabouttheexamples.高考閱讀解題技巧近3年全國卷考情分析全國卷推理判斷題題量統(tǒng)計(jì)

年份卷別202120202019新高考卷Ⅰ54/全國卷Ⅰ(乙卷)654全國卷Ⅱ(甲卷)735全國卷Ⅲ/45推理判斷題主要考查對文章中隱含或深層含義的理解能力。要求考生根據(jù)文章提供的事實(shí)和線索做出合乎邏輯的推斷，推測作者未明確提到的事實(shí)或某事件發(fā)展的趨勢。推理判斷能力是閱讀理解能力的重要組成部分，因而也是閱讀理解部分重點(diǎn)考查的能力之一。高考中,每年每套題通常會(huì)有4～6題。高考閱讀解題技巧閱讀理解推理判斷題推斷隱含意義題推斷寫作意圖題推斷文章出處或讀者對象題推斷觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題推斷題的四種類型高考閱讀解題技巧以文中信息為依據(jù)

注意推斷隱含意義要求

推斷言外之意或弦外之音題干常含infer(推斷),suggest,imply，indicate常有can,could,probably,likely等抓住特定信息進(jìn)行逆向或正向推理整合全文(段)信息進(jìn)行推斷切忌主觀臆斷，做到推斷有理，判斷有據(jù)高考閱讀解題技巧推斷隱含意義類型的命題方式常常以下列形式呈現(xiàn)：◆Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat________．◆Itcanbeconcludedfromthelastparagraphthat...◆Thewriter/authorindicates/suggests/implies

that________．◆Whatcanweinferabout...？◆Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthepassagesupport？◆Whatdoesthe...paragraphimply？高考閱讀解題技巧推斷隱含意思一找將題干中的about或from之后的內(nèi)容或infer后that從句的主語作為定位詞,找到答案依據(jù)四比比較各選項(xiàng)，確定答案二理理解信息句的字面意思三推依據(jù)字面意思，結(jié)合已有常識(shí)，進(jìn)行符合情理的推斷揣摩推敲法

干擾項(xiàng)特征

黑白顛倒與文中所述事實(shí)相反簡單重復(fù)僅為文中信息的簡單重復(fù)，而非推斷的結(jié)論無中生有文中無信息支撐推理過度推得不合情理張冠李戴利用文中詞語迷惑考生高考閱讀解題技巧2020年全國Ⅱ卷·31

Thenthere'sRighteousFuranditsunusualfashions.ModelPaigeMorgansays,“Togivepeopleaguilt-freeoptionthattheycanwearwithoutsomeonethrowingpaintonthem—Ithinkthat'sgoingtobeamassivething,atleasthereinNewYork.”DesignerJenniferAndersonadmitsittookherawhiletocomearoundtotheopinionthatusingnutriafurforhercreationsismorallyacceptable.She'stryingtocomeupwithalabeltoattachtonutriafashionstoshowitiseco-friendly.WhatcanweinferaboutwearingfurinNewYorkaccordingtoMorgan?A.It'sformal.

B.It'srisky.

C.It'sharmful.

D.It'straditional.

點(diǎn)撥：由infer可知為推斷題。一找(依據(jù))：由題干中的Morgan可定位至本段第二句。二理(解字面意思)：模特佩奇·摩根說：“給人們一個(gè)無負(fù)罪感的選擇，讓他們可以穿著(由動(dòng)物毛皮制成的衣物)而不被人潑油漆——我認(rèn)為這是一件大事，至少在紐約是這樣。”三推(斷或判斷)：根據(jù)摩根的說法,在紐約穿著由動(dòng)物毛皮制成的衣物會(huì)被潑油漆，由此可推斷：在紐約穿動(dòng)物毛皮制成的衣物是有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的。四比(較各選項(xiàng)):“正式的”“有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的”“有害的”“傳統(tǒng)的”。B高考閱讀解題技巧

2020年全國Ⅲ卷·27

Insomecases,it'snotsomuchthetreatmentoftheanimalsonsetinthestudiothathasactivistsworried;it'stheoff-settrainingandlivingconditionsthatareraisingconcerns.AndtherearequestionsaboutthefilmsmadeoutsidetheStates,whichsometimesarenotmonitoredascloselyasproductionsfilmedintheStates.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraphaboutanimalactors?A.Theymaybebadlytreated. B.Theyshouldtakefurthertraining.C.Theycouldbetradedillegally.D.Theywouldlosepopularity.點(diǎn)撥：一找：由題干中的thelastparagraph可定位最后一段。二理：在某種情況下，讓動(dòng)物保護(hù)支持者們非常擔(dān)憂的不是在拍攝現(xiàn)場對待動(dòng)物的方式，而是在不合常規(guī)的訓(xùn)練和它們的生活條件。三推：動(dòng)物們可能遭受虐待。四比“它們可能會(huì)受到虐待”“它們應(yīng)該接受進(jìn)一步的訓(xùn)練”“它們可能被非法交易”“它們會(huì)失去人氣”。故選A。A高考閱讀解題技巧推斷寫作意圖主旨推斷法

根據(jù)文章或段落主旨推斷作者的寫作目的

寫作手法推斷法開篇提問讓讀者關(guān)注主題(todrawattention/tointroduce/tobringinthetopic)講述相關(guān)之事引出主題或提供背景(tobringin/tointroducethetopic)舉例、引語或數(shù)據(jù)證明某一觀點(diǎn)或說明某個(gè)主題(tosupport/toshow)題干

常含purpose,intention,inorderto等

文體推斷法高考閱讀解題技巧◆Whatisthemainpurposeofthetext？◆Whatisthepurpose/intentionoftheauthorinwritingthispassage？◆Forwhatpurposedidtheauthorwritethepassage？◆Thewriterwritesthispassageinorderto...◆Whydoestheauthormention...？推斷寫作意圖類型的命題方式常常以下列形式呈現(xiàn)：高考閱讀解題技巧推斷寫作意圖文體推斷法toattractvisitors/tosellaproduct/topromote(推銷)...推銷產(chǎn)品或服務(wù),吸引顧客、游客、訂戶等；鼓勵(lì)捐贈(zèng)等廣告類應(yīng)用文講述故事或分享經(jīng)歷,愉悅讀者,或表達(dá)作者之情感，感悟或啟示totellastory/toshareanexperience/toentertainreaders

記敘文介紹某一事物或解釋某一現(xiàn)象tointroduce/explain/inform...說明文說服讀者接受某一觀點(diǎn)或提倡某種做法toprove/analyze/show/argue議論文新聞報(bào)道類toinform/report...高考閱讀解題技巧2020年新高考全國Ⅰ卷·11Inthemid-1990s,TomBisselltaughtEnglishasavolunteerinUzbekistan…Afewyearslater,stillattractedtothecountry,hereturnedtoUzbekistantowriteanarticleaboutthedisappearanceoftheAralSea.Hisvisit,however,endedupinvolvingalotmorethanthat.Hencethisbook,ChasingtheSea:LostAmongtheGhostsofEmpireinCentralAsia,whichtalksaboutaroadtripfromTashkenttoKarakalpakstan,wheremillionsofliveshavebeendestroyedbytheslowdryingupofthesea.ItisthestoryofanAmericantravellingtoastrangeland,andofthepeoplehemeetsonhisway:Rustam,histranslator,alovely24-year-oldwhopickeduphiscolorfulEnglishinCalifornia,OlegandNatasha,hishostsinTashkent,andastringofforeignaidworkers.ThisisaquicklookatlifeinUzbekistan,madeoffriendlinessandwarmth,butalsoitsdarkersideofsociety.InSamarkand,MrBisselladmiresthearchitecturalwonders,whileonhiswaytoBukharahegetsatasteofpolicemethodswhensuspectedofdrugdealing.InFerghana,heattendsamountainfuneral(葬禮)followedbyastrangedrinkingparty…MrBissellskillfullyorganizeshistoricalinsightsandculturaerneyes…高考閱讀解題技巧Whatisthepurposeofthistext?A.Tointroduceabook.B.Toexplainaculturalphenomenon.C.Torememberawriter.D.Torecommendatraveldestination.A點(diǎn)撥：通讀全文內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了湯姆·比斯?fàn)枌懙臅?，包括這本書的寫作背景、主要內(nèi)容、特點(diǎn)及對書目的評(píng)價(jià)等。由此可知,本文的寫作目的是介紹一本書，故選A項(xiàng)。

ThefriendshipthatgrewoutoftheexperienceofmakingthatfilmandTheStingfouryearslaterhaditsrootinthefactthat…Wesharedthebeliefthatifyou’refortunateenoughtohavesuccess,youshouldputsomethingback…Ilastsawhimafewmonthsago.He’dbeeninandoutofthehospital.HeandIbothknewwhatthedealwas,andwedidn’ttalkaboutit.Ourswasarelationshipthatdidn’tneedalotofwords.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Toshowhisloveoffilms.B.Torememberafriend.C.Tointroduceanewmovie.D.Tosharehisactingexperience.點(diǎn)撥：本文是記敘文，要在理解其內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上去推斷作者的寫作目的。第一段寫作者與Paul初相識(shí)，第二段和第三段講建立長久友誼的原因，第四段談Paul病逝前作者看望Paul時(shí)的情景，全文都是講作者與Paul的友誼的，關(guān)鍵詞是第二段首句中的friendship,可見作者寫這篇文章是為了紀(jì)念一個(gè)朋友，故選B。B高考閱讀解題技巧2017年全國Ⅱ卷·27

IfirstmetPaulNewmanin1968,whenGeorgeRoyHill,thedirectorofButchCassidyandtheSundanceKid,introducedusinNewYorkCity.Whenthestudiodidn’twantmeforthefilm—itwantedsomebodyaswellknownasPaul—hestoodupforme.…“Haveyoueverbeenoutonaboatandfeltitliftedupbyawave?Orhaveyoujumpedinthewaterandfelttherushofenergyaswavescameoveryou?”askedJamieTayloroftheWaveEnergyGroupattheuniversityofEdinburgh.“Thereiscertainlyalotofenergyinwaves,”hesaid.Thewriterusesthetwoquestionsatthebeginningofthepassageto________.A.testthereadersknowledgeaboutwavesB.drawthereaders’attentiontothetopicC.showJamieTaylor’simportanceD.invitethereaderstoanswerthem點(diǎn)撥：作者在文章開頭提出問題讓讀者思考，或是簡單介紹與主題有關(guān)的其他事物，目的往往是為了引出主題(todrawthereaders’attentiontothetopic/toserveasanintroductiontothediscussion),故選B。B高考閱讀解題技巧根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容和文體的結(jié)構(gòu)特征來推斷其出處原則推斷文章出處題干

常含befrom,comefrom,betaken,befound,appear等

營養(yǎng)、健康飲食:ahealthmagazine旅游景點(diǎn)介紹:atravelguide/brochure博物館介紹:博物館參觀指南(amuseumguide)新產(chǎn)品/影片或演出介紹,工作要求、工資待遇、聯(lián)系電話等:advertisement含有操作方法、使用方法等：instruction文化教育類文章:educationsection文章前有日期、地點(diǎn)或通訊社名稱，具有較強(qiáng)的時(shí)效性:newspaper文中出現(xiàn)網(wǎng)址或與其相關(guān)的詞匯(如click):website類別

介紹科研或發(fā)現(xiàn)成果asciencemagazinesciencesectionasciencereport時(shí)尚、名人或娛樂介紹:magazine,journal,entertainment人物介紹:biography,autobiography活動(dòng)介紹:announcement,notice高考閱讀解題技巧文章出處類類型的命題方式常常以下列形式呈現(xiàn)：◆Fromwhichisthetextprobablytaken？◆Inwhichofthefollowingwouldthispassagemostlikelybefound？◆Thepassageisprobablytakenoutof________？◆Wherewouldthepassagemostprobablyappear？高考閱讀解題技巧

2019年全國Ⅰ卷·31

Asdataandidentitytheftbecomesmoreandmorecommon,themarketisgrowingforbiometric(生物測量)technologies—likefingerprintscans—tokeepothersoutofprivatee-spaces.Atpresent,thesetechnologiesarestillexpensive,though.ResearchersfromGeorgiaTechsaythattheyhavecomeupwithalow-costdevice(裝置)thatgetsaroundthisproblem:asmartkeyboard.Thissmartkeyboardpreciselymeasuresthecadence(節(jié)奏)…Italsodoesn’trequireanewtypeoftechnologythatpeoplearen’talreadyfamiliarwith.Everybodyusesakeyboardandeverybodytypesdifferently.Inastudydescribingthetechnology,theresearchershad100volunteerstypetheword“touch”fourtimesusingthesmartkeyboard.Datacollectedfromthedevicecouldbeusedtorecognizedifferentparticipants…Whereisthistextmostlikelyfrom?Adiary.B.Aguidebook.C.Anovel.D.Amagazine.點(diǎn)撥：本題問:本文最有可能出自哪里？閱讀全文可知，本文介紹了一種新型智能鍵盤，它可以通過分析用戶的打字模式來識(shí)別人們的身份。由此可推斷，本文可能選自一本科技類的雜志，故選D項(xiàng)。選自“日記”“旅游指南”“小說”的可能性不大。D高考閱讀解題技巧2019年全國Ⅲ卷·35Monkeysseemtohaveawaywithnumbers.AteamofresearcherstrainedthreeRhesusmonkeystoassociate26clearlydifferentsymbolsconsistingofnumbersandselectiveletterswith0-25dropsofwaterorjuiceasareward…Here’showHarvardMedicalSchoolscientistMargaretLivingstone,wholedtheteam,describedtheexperiment…Afterrunninghundredsoftests,theresearchersnotedthatthemonkeyswouldgoforthehighervaluesmorethanhalfthetime,indicatingthattheyInwhichsectionofanewspapermaythistextappear?A.Entertainment. B.Health.C.Education. D.Science.點(diǎn)撥：本文從開篇到結(jié)尾主要介紹的是研究團(tuán)隊(duì)做實(shí)驗(yàn)的過程及所得到的結(jié)論，所以該文最有可能出現(xiàn)在報(bào)紙的“科學(xué)”板塊，故選D?！皧蕵贰薄敖】怠焙汀敖逃本c文章內(nèi)容相去甚遠(yuǎn)。D高考閱讀解題技巧觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題四個(gè)明確明確描寫所處氛圍的語言及表達(dá)情感、態(tài)度或觀點(diǎn)的詞語或句子,如valuable,hopeful,well,good,doubt,worry等明確是問誰對什么事的態(tài)度明確主旨(文段首尾),推測觀點(diǎn)明確是作者或文中人物的觀點(diǎn)而非主觀臆斷推斷作者對某事物所持的觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度要求推斷文中人物對某事所持的觀點(diǎn)或態(tài)度題干常含infavorof,beagainst,agree,disagree,opinion高考閱讀解題技巧觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題的命題方式常常以下列形式呈現(xiàn)：1.Theauthorseemstobeinfavorof/against_______.2.Theauthormayprobablyagreewith/support________.3.what’stheauthor’sopinionabout…?4.Intheauthor’sopinion…?高考閱讀解題技巧表示中立：indifferent不感興趣的，漠不關(guān)心的；objective客觀的；neutral中立的；notmentioned未提及的。反對或否定：critical批評(píng)的,negative否定的，消極的；skeptical懷疑的；disapproving不贊成的。觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題有關(guān)作者情感態(tài)度的詞語表示支持或肯定：positive積極樂觀的；

supportive支持的；optimistic樂觀的；enthusiastic熱情的；pleasant愉快的高考閱讀解題技巧

2020年全國Ⅲ卷·29“Wefloatedtheideatomymumofsharingahouse,”saysKathrynWhitehead.Ritacutsin:

“WespokemorewithNickbecauseIthinkit'sabigthingforNicktolivewithhismother-in-law.”AndwhatdoesNickthink?“Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIrecommendit?Yes,IthinkIwould.”WhatisNick'sattitudetowardssharingthehouse

withhismother-in-law?A.Positive. B.Carefree.C.Tolerant. D.Unwilling.點(diǎn)撥：推理文中人物Nick的觀點(diǎn)。一找(依據(jù))：由題干中的Nick在第五段(所選段落的第二段)中找到Nick對與岳母一起居住看法的語句。二理(解字面意思)：尼克是怎么想的？“從我的角度看，一切似乎都很順利。我會(huì)推薦它嗎？是的，我想我會(huì)的?！比?斷或判斷)：由“一切似乎都很順利”“是的，我想我會(huì)的”可推斷：尼克對于與岳母一起居住是支持并且推薦