2020-2021學(xué)年上海市徐匯區(qū)高一上學(xué)期期末考試英語試卷（解析版）（不含聽力音頻）

2020-2021學(xué)年上海市徐匯區(qū)高一上學(xué)期期末考試英語試卷I.ListeningComprehension(25’)SectionADirections:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Attheendofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionaboutit,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.1.A.HewouldratherhaveChinesefood.B.HehasalwayslikedChinesefood.C.HeisusedtoeatingChinesefood.D.HeateChinesefoodinthepast.2.A.InNewYork.B.InBoston.C.InMichigan.D.InWashington.3.A.Hersister’s.B.Herfather’s.C.Hermother’s.D.Herbrother’s.4.A.Hetoldthekidstoleave.B.Heseriouslywantedthewomantogo.C.Hewasjokingwhenhetoldthewomantoleave.D.Heleftwiththewoman.5.A.Takingthesummerclasses.B.Findingasummerjob.C.Waitinguntillatertodecide.D.Workingandstudying.6.A.Sheisannoyed.B.Sheisapologetic.C.Sheisunderstanding.D.Sheisbored.7.A.Hethoughtitwasaveryunrealisticmovie.B.Hewasimpressedwiththemovie.C.Heagreedwiththewomanaboutthemovie.D.Helikedthemoviebecauseitwasafairytale.8.A.He’ssorryhegavethewomanthewrongdirections.B.Hisfriendworksinthedean’soffice.C.Hecan’tgivethewomandirections.D.He’salsolookingforthedean’soffice.9.A.SheisgladJoanismoving.B.ShedoesnotbelievethatJoanwillmove.C.ShesawJoanmove.D.ShebelievesJoanismovingbecauseshesawher.10.A.ThursdaysandFridays.B.TuesdaysandFridays.C.TuesdaysandThursdays.D.Tuesdays,ThursdaysandFridays.SectionBDirections:InSectionB,youwillhearseveralshortpassagesandlongerconversations,andyouwillbeaskedseveralquestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversations.Thepassagesandtheconversationswillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Whenyouhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichonewouldbethebestanswertothequestionyouhaveheard.Questions11through13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.11.A.ShoeshineBoy’sLife.B.StoryofHumanRights.C.AnImportantLessonaboutSharing.D.AnUnforgettableExperienceinaRestaurant.12.A.Otherguestscouldnoteatinthatrestaurant.B.Theywereafraidhecouldn’tpaythebill.C.Hewasdirtysincehehadbeensleepingonthestreet.D.Hisfatherwasadrunk.13.A.ThespeakerappreciatesMoises.B.ThespeakerfeelssorryforMoises.C.ThespeakerisgratefultoMoises.D.Thespeakerisbeinginformative.Questions14through16arebasedonthefollowingpassage.14.A.HeneededthemoneyforhisbusinessinEurope.B.Hewantedthebanktolookafterhiscarwhilehewasaway.C.Hethoughttheinterestwaslow.D.Hewasshowingoffhiswealth.15.A.$20.30.B.$5,020.30.C.$4,979.70.D.$5,000.16.A.Thebusinessmanaskedforaquitebigloan.B.Hedidn’tbelievethatthemancouldpayitbackintwoweeks.C.Heimmediatelynoticedthatthemanwasrich.D.ItwasexcitingtohaveRolls-Royceforsafekeepinginhisbank.Questions17through20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.17.A.Astudentcounselor(顧問).B.Astudentaccommodationofficer.C.Theman’sfriend.D.Ateachingassistant.18.A.Tocomplainaboutanoisyroommate.B.Tospeaktoher.C.Tochangehisroommate.D.Toaskforadvice.19.A.Heisfriendly.B.Heseemstobesociable.C.Hesoundsfunny.D.Helikesjokes.20.A.Tolethimchangearoom.B.TotalktoDavid.C.ToaskDavidtochangearoom.D.TotellDavidtotakethemanseriously.II.GrammarandVocabularySectionA(20’)(A)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagesbelowfillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Justacraze…orcrazy?Whenanestimatedoneinsixtyparticipantswilldie,whywouldanyonewanttobasejump?Theworldrecordforbasejumping____1____(break)again,whenNasrAlNiyadiandhistrainerOmarAlHegelanjumped672metersfromthe16thflooroftheworld’stallestbuilding,theBurjKhalifainDubai.Theywerenotthefirstones____2____(attempt)this.In2008,twoothermenillegallyjumpedfromunfinishedbuilding.Havinggotintothebuildingdressedasengineers,theywerearrested____3____theyjumpedfromthebuilding.Thisisnotunusualforbasejumpersthough,____4____oftenactwithoutpermission.Forthosewhomaynotknow,basejumpingisanincreasinglypopularextremesportwhichinvolvesjumpingoffhighbuilding,bridgesorcliffswithaparachute.Itisunbelievablydangerous.Althoughaskydiver____5____haveuptothreeminutestoopenhisorherparachute,abasejumperhasonlyseconds.Thereisalsotheriskofhittingthebuildingorcliffonthewaydown.Sinceitsinventionin1981,there____6____(be)atleast147fatalities(死亡事件)relatedtothesport.Evenfansofthesportestimatethatoneinsixtyparticipantswilldie.Brave,orsimplyfoolhardy?Ifind____7____hardtounderstandwhysuchdangeroussportsaresopopular.Manypsychologistsbelievethatitisallaquestionofindividualpersonality.Menare____8____(likely)toenjoythrillseekingthanwomen,andourdesiretoexperiencetheseexcitementsishighestin____9____lateteensandearlytwenties.Butsomepeoplearenaturallydrawntoenjoythrillsanddanger,whileothersarenot.Bothtypesareimportantinanysociety,aslow-excitementseekerswillhappilycarryoutrelativelyunexcitingjobs,whilehigh-excitementseekerswillworkverywell____10____firefightersoronthestockmarket.【答案】1.wasbroken2.toattempt3.after4.who5.may6.havebeen7.it8.morelikely9.our10.as【解析】【分析】這是一篇說明文。跳傘的危險(xiǎn)系數(shù)很高，但總有一些人會(huì)冒險(xiǎn)嘗試，到底是勇敢還是魯莽，這并不好界定,但是無喜歡刺激和平淡的兩種人都對社會(huì)很重要。【1題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：當(dāng)NasrAlNiyadi和他的教練OmarAlHegelan從世界最高建筑迪拜哈利法塔距離地面672米的16層跳下時(shí)，他們又一次打破了定點(diǎn)跳傘的世界紀(jì)錄。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知主句缺少動(dòng)詞，且動(dòng)詞break和主語Theworldrecord是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，時(shí)態(tài)是過去時(shí)，因此用過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故填werebroken?！?題詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：他們不是第一批嘗試這樣做的人。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空格處應(yīng)該用非謂語動(dòng)詞，其邏輯主語為They，與動(dòng)詞attempt是主謂關(guān)系，且ones由序數(shù)詞first修飾，因此應(yīng)該用動(dòng)詞不定式作后置定語。故填toattempt?！?題詳解】考查狀語從句。句意：他們裝扮成工程師進(jìn)入大樓，從大樓跳下后被逮捕了。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空格處應(yīng)該填連詞。根據(jù)句意可知，他們先裝扮成工程師，沒有人認(rèn)出來，但是從大樓跳下后才能被人們發(fā)現(xiàn)，根據(jù)事件先后發(fā)生順序，after符合句意和語法要求。故填after。【4題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：這對于跳傘者來說并不少見，因?yàn)樗麄兘?jīng)常在沒有得到允許的情況下行動(dòng)。根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空格處應(yīng)該填連詞引導(dǎo)后面的從句，且從句缺主語，指代前面的jumpers，表示人，同時(shí)，從句為非限制性定語從句，需要用連接代詞who引導(dǎo)。故填who。【5題詳解】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：雖然跳傘運(yùn)動(dòng)員有三分鐘的時(shí)間打開降落傘，但是定點(diǎn)跳傘運(yùn)動(dòng)員只有幾秒鐘的時(shí)間。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，Although引導(dǎo)的從句不缺少成分，空格處設(shè)在了動(dòng)詞前，因此應(yīng)該填助動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)句意，may“可以”（用于舉出在需要時(shí)可以加以利用的某些特性、事實(shí)等）表示跳傘運(yùn)動(dòng)員確實(shí)有三分鐘的時(shí)間打開降落傘。故填may?！?題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：自從它在1981年發(fā)明以來，至少有147人死于這項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語“Sinceitsinventionin1981”可知，此處應(yīng)該用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，主語為fatalities，助動(dòng)詞用have。故填havebeen?！?題詳解】考查代詞。句意：我發(fā)現(xiàn)很難理解為什么這種危險(xiǎn)的運(yùn)動(dòng)如此受歡迎。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句考查find+形式賓語it+賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，句中缺少find的賓語。故填it?！?題詳解】考查比較級。句意：男人比女人更喜歡尋求刺激，而我們體驗(yàn)這些刺激的欲望在十八九歲和二十出頭時(shí)最強(qiáng)烈。固定搭配belikelyto“可能”，根據(jù)比較級的標(biāo)志詞than可知，應(yīng)該用形容詞的比較級。故填morelikely?！?題詳解】考查固定搭配。句意：男人比女人更喜歡尋求刺激，而我們體驗(yàn)這些刺激的欲望在十八九歲和二十出頭時(shí)最強(qiáng)烈。本句考查固定搭配inone's+數(shù)詞復(fù)數(shù)“在某人多大的時(shí)候”，由句意可知，空格處填我們符合語境。故填our?！?0題詳解】考查介詞。句意：這兩種類型在社會(huì)中都很重要，因?yàn)榈团d奮度的求職者會(huì)樂于從事相對平淡的工作，而高興奮度的求職者作為消防員或在股票市場上會(huì)工作得很好。根據(jù)句意，表示作為消防員會(huì)工作的很好?？疾閍s用法，as“作為”，“以……身份”，符合語境。故填as。(B)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagesbelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.Afewyearsago,nobodycouldhaveimaginedbuyingawholedictionaryonCD-Rom—butwedonow,andit’saboomingbusiness.Itlooks____11____peoplearealreadyinterestedinthegeneralidea.StephenKing,thebest-sellingwriterofhorrorbooks,postedhisnewestshortstoryontheInternetanditsoldmorecopiesinitsfirstdaysthanmanyofhis____12____(print)novelshad.Well,isthisreallytheendofthebookandthenewspaper?Idoubtit,anditseemsthatevenStephenKingagrees.____13____hissuccessontheInternet,hedoesnotseemtothinkanythingcanreplacethebook!Firstofall,ittakesmuch____14____(long)forustoreadonthenet.Didyouknowthatwecanread50%morequicklyonpaperthanwecanonacomputerscreen?Thereisanotherproblem,too.Peoplesimplypreferpaper.Itdoesn’tmatterhowmanybooks,magazinesornewspapers____15____(produce)–weneverstopbuyingthem.Itseemsthatwelikethefeelofbooksandmagazines—weliketoput____16____inourbagsorpockets.Weliketositandreadintheparkoronthebeach.Publisherswillbehappytosatisfytheneedsofreaders____17____(prefer)touseascreenbutpaperloversshouldn’tworry,asthephysicalnewspaperwillundoubtedlykeepitspaceinourlives.Thereisevennewsthatasystemisbeingdeveloped____18____wecantellourcomputerswhatwewanttoread,andthentheywillprintourownpersonalnewspaperforus.Thedifferencewillbethatwewillonlyhavetoreadaboutpeopleandthings____19____interestus.Justthink—ifyouhatethebusinesssection,you_____20_____notorderit.Ifyoudisliketennis,youcanaskonlyforthefootballresults.Itsoundslikethiscouldbegoodnewsforeveryone!【答案】11.asif##asthough12.printed13.Despite14.longer15.areproduced##havebeenproduced16.them17.preferring18.where19.that20.need【解析】【分析】本文為一篇說明文。文章講述的是，盡管網(wǎng)絡(luò)發(fā)達(dá)；但是仍然無法代替紙質(zhì)書以及報(bào)紙，解釋了人們喜歡紙質(zhì)書籍的原因?！?1題詳解】考查連詞。句意：似乎人們已經(jīng)對這個(gè)總體概念感興趣了。句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處缺少連詞，連接從句；聯(lián)系句意可知，此處表示“似乎、好像”；因此使用asif或者asthough，引導(dǎo)表語從句。故填asif或者asthough。【12題詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：最暢銷的恐怖小說作家斯蒂芬·金在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上發(fā)布了他最新的短篇小說，它在發(fā)行的頭幾天就比他的許多印刷小說賣得還多。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知句子中已經(jīng)有謂語動(dòng)詞，因此需要填入非謂語動(dòng)詞作定語。此處動(dòng)詞與邏輯主語novels之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此需要填入過去分詞。故填printed?！?3題詳解】考查介詞。句意：盡管他在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上取得了成功，但他似乎不認(rèn)為任何東西可以取代書!根據(jù)句意可知，此處需要填入“盡管”的意思，位于名詞之前，因此需要填入介詞。despite“盡管”。故填Despite?！?4題詳解】考查比較級。句意：首先，我們在網(wǎng)上閱讀要花更長的時(shí)間。結(jié)合句意和much可知，此處需要填比較級。故填longer?！?5題詳解】考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句意：不管出版了多少書、雜志或報(bào)紙，我們都不會(huì)停止購買它們?？仗帪閺木渲^語動(dòng)詞，books,magazinesornewspapers和produce之間為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此需要使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)。此處，可以表示陳述事實(shí)“不管出版了多少書、雜志或報(bào)紙”，因此使用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)被動(dòng)語態(tài)；主語為復(fù)數(shù)，故答案為areproduced。還可以表示，“書、雜志或報(bào)紙”已經(jīng)出版，因此需要使用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)，主語為復(fù)數(shù)，助動(dòng)詞用have。故填areproduced或者h(yuǎn)avebeenproduced。【16題詳解】考查代詞。句意：似乎我們喜歡書和雜志的感覺——我們喜歡把它們放在我們的包或口袋里。此處位于謂語動(dòng)詞之后因此需要填入代詞賓格，指代前文書和雜志應(yīng)用them。故填them?！?7題詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：出版商很樂意滿足喜歡使用屏幕的讀者的需求，但紙媒愛好者不必?fù)?dān)心，因?yàn)榧堎|(zhì)報(bào)紙無疑將在我們的生活中保持它的節(jié)奏。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句子中已經(jīng)有謂語動(dòng)詞，因此需要填入非謂語動(dòng)詞作后置定語；與邏輯主語之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此需要填入現(xiàn)在分詞。故填preferring?！?8題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：甚至有消息說，一種系統(tǒng)正在開發(fā)中，我們可以告訴電腦我們想讀什么，然后他們會(huì)為我們打印出我們自己的個(gè)人報(bào)紙。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為定語從句修飾system，從句中缺少抽象的地點(diǎn)狀語，應(yīng)用關(guān)系副詞where。故填where?！?9題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：不同之處在于，我們只需要閱讀我們感興趣的人和事。此處為修飾peopleandthings的限制性定語從句，從句缺少主語，先行詞即有人又有物，只能用關(guān)系代詞that。故填that?！?0題詳解】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。句意：想想看，如果你不喜歡商業(yè)板塊，你就不用去訂購了。根據(jù)句意結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處表示“不必、不用”，因此填入need與not構(gòu)成“不必”。故填need。SectionB(10’)Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.A.ceremonyB.competitionC.completedD.finalAB.originallyAC.mainlyAD.performingBC.predictedBD.impressiveCD.requirementABC.televisedTheSydneyOperaHouseTheSydneyOperaHouseisoneofthemostfamousarchitecturalwondersofthemodernworld.Instantlyrecognizablebothforitsroofshellsandits____21____locationinSydneyHarbour,ithasbecomeoneofthebestknownimagesofAustralia.SituatedclosetoSydneyHarbourBridge,thislargeTheconstructionoftheOperaHousewasfairlycontroversial(有爭議的)asthe____24____costofthebuildingwasmuchhigherthan____25____.Itwasexpectedtocost$7million,butinfact,thefinalcostwas$102million.Thiswas____26____duetodifficultweatherconditions,problemswiththestructuraldesign,andchangesinthecontract.Theremarkableroofshellswerealsodifficulttoconstruct.Furthermore,theconstructiontooklongerthanplanned.Completionofthebuildingwas____27____expectedinfouryears,in1963.Unfortunately,becauseofthemanyproblemsandchangeswhichwerenecessaryinthedesign,thebuildingwasnot____28____untiltenyearslater,in1973.Itwasinaugurated(落成）byQueenElizabethIIon20thOctober,1973,andmillionsofpeopleattendedthe____29____.Theeventwas____30____,andincludedafireworksdisplayandaclassicalmusicperformance.【答案】21.BD22.AD23.B24.D25.BC26.AC27.AB28.C29.A30.ABC【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹的是悉尼歌劇院?！?1題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：它的屋頂外殼和在悉尼港令人印象深刻的位置讓人一眼就能認(rèn)出它，它已經(jīng)成為澳大利亞最著名的形象之一。由前面的“recognizablebothfor”可知，句子表示“它的屋頂外殼和在悉尼港令人印象深刻的位置讓人一眼就能認(rèn)出它”，因此空格處是“令人印象深刻的”，是impressive，故選BD。【22題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：這座大型表演藝術(shù)中心位于悉尼海港大橋附近，始建于1959年，于1973年完工。由“artscenter”可知，悉尼歌劇院是大型表演藝術(shù)中心，因此空格處是“演藝的”，即performing，故選AD。【23題詳解】考查名詞。句意：在選擇設(shè)計(jì)的競賽之后，丹麥建筑師約恩·烏松被選中。由后文的“theDanisharchitectJornUtzonwaschosen”可知，在經(jīng)過選擇設(shè)計(jì)的競賽之后，丹麥建筑師約恩·烏松被選中，因此空格處是“競賽”，即competition，故選B?！?4題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：建造歌劇院是相當(dāng)有爭議的，因?yàn)榻ㄖ淖罱K成本比預(yù)期高得多。由后文的“costofthebuildingwasmuchhigher”可知，建筑的最終成本比預(yù)期高，因此空格處是“最終的”，即final，故選D?！?5題詳解】考查過去分詞。句意：建造歌劇院是相當(dāng)有爭議的，因?yàn)榻ㄖ淖罱K成本比預(yù)期高得多。由后文的“Itwasexpectedtocost$7million,butinfact,thefinalcostwas$102million”可知，建筑的最終成本比預(yù)期高得多，空格處是“預(yù)測”，是predict，成本是被預(yù)測，因此空格處用過去分詞表被動(dòng)，故選BC。【26題詳解】考查副詞。句意：這主要是由于惡劣的天氣條件、結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)問題以及合同的變更。由后文的“duetodifficultweatherconditions”可知，這主要是由于惡劣的天氣條件，因此空格處是“主要地”，用副詞作狀語，是mainly，故選AC?！?7題詳解】考查副詞。句意：原計(jì)劃在4年后的1963年完工。由后文的“thebuildingwasnot____untiltenyearslater,in1973”可知，原計(jì)劃在4年后的1963年完工，空格處意為“原先”，用副詞修飾動(dòng)詞expected，是originally，故選AB。【28題詳解】考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句意：不幸的是，由于設(shè)計(jì)中存在許多問題和必要的改變，這座建筑直到10年后的1973年才完成。由后文的“untiltenyearslater,in1973”可知，這座建筑直到10年后的1973年才完成，空格處是“完成”，建筑是被完成，因此空格處是過去分詞completed，故選C。【29題詳解】考查名詞。句意：它于1973年10月20日由英國女王伊麗莎白二世主持落成典禮，數(shù)百萬人參加了典禮。由“Itwasinaugurated(落成）byQueenElizabethIIon20thOctober,1973”可知，它于1973年10月20日由英國女王伊麗莎白二世主持落成典禮，數(shù)百萬人參加了典禮，空格處是“典禮”，是ceremony，故選A?！?0題詳解】考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)。句意：該活動(dòng)通過電視轉(zhuǎn)播，還包括煙火表演和古典音樂表演。由后文的“afireworksdisplayandaclassicalmusicperformance”可知，該典禮通過電視轉(zhuǎn)播，還包括煙火表演和古典音樂表演，空格處是“轉(zhuǎn)播”，是televise，典禮是被轉(zhuǎn)播，因此用被動(dòng)語態(tài)，空格處用過去分詞，即televised，故選ABC。III.ReadingComprehensionSectionA(15’)Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Itiswidelybelievedthatadolescentsengageinriskybehaviorsbecauseoftoleranceforrisksbynature,butastudybyresearchersatNewYorkUniversity,Yale’sSchoolofMedicine,andFordhamTheirfindingsshowadolescentsappearto____31____theirolderpeersinthetastefortheuncertain.Whenfacedwithsituationsthathavehighlyuncertainoutcomes,most____32____groupsreactwithdislike;adolescents,____33____,oftenfindtheseuncertainsituationsquitetolerable.Ratherthanhavingatasteforrisk,asiscommonlythought,theriskybehaviorsofadolescents____34____theircomfortwiththeambiguous(模棱兩可的).Thesefindings,whicharereportedinthejournaltheProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences,pointtobasicdifferencesbetweenadolescentsandadultsandoffernew____35____ofhowtocommunicateaboutrisktoteenagersandpre-teens.“Ourfindingsshowthatteenagersenterunsafesituationsnotbecausetheyare____36____todangerousorriskysituations,but,rather,becausetheyaren’tinformedenoughofthepossibilityoftheconsequencesoftheiractions,”explainedAgnieszkaTymula,oneofthestudy’co-authors.“Oncetheytruly____37____ariskysituation,theyare,ifanything,evenmoreunwillingtotakerisksthanadults.Thestudyalsooffersnewpossibilitiesfor____38____withthisagegroup—providingadolescentswithstatisticshighlightingtherisksofdangerousbehaviorsortrainingthatallowsthemtolearnaboutrisksinasafeway,whichmaybeeffectivein____39____them.”“Whatwefoundwasthatwhenriskswereclearlystated,adolescents_____40_____thematleastasmuchas,andsometimesmorethan,adults,”addedIfatLevy,oneofthestudy’sco-authorsattheYaleSchoolofMedicine.“Adolescentswere,however,muchmore_____41_____forambiguity._____42_____,thismakesalotofsense:youngorganismsneedtobeopentothe_____43_____inordertogaininformationabouttheirworld.”Studieshavepreviouslyestablishedthatadolescentsaremore_____44_____thanaretheirolderandyoungerpeerstoengageinbehaviorsthat,onrareoccasions,leadtoterribleconsequences.“Itisnotthatadolescentsactuallychoosetoengageinrisks,but,rather,theyarewillingtogamble(賭博)whenthey_____45_____completeknowledge,”theresearcherswrote.31.A.differfrom B.runafter C.agreewith D.dividefrom32.A.family B.age C.study D.work33.A.asaresult B.inconclusion C.forexample D.bycontrast34.A.addto B.leadto C.contributeto D.originatefrom35.A.story B.study C.understanding D.news36.A.drawn B.pushed C.brought D.taken37.A.define B.understand C.create D.destroy38.A.starting B.identifying C.communicating D.agreeing39.A.frightening B.limiting C.encouraging D.punishing40.A.tried B.abandoned C.fixed D.avoided41.A.tolerant B.enthusiastic C.concerned D.eager42.A.Materially B.Psychologically C.Biologically D.Geologically43.A.new B.exciting C.specific D.unknown44.A.likely B.cheerful C.reluctant D.able45.A.need B.lack C.gain D.apply【答案】31.A32.B33.D34.D35.C36.A37.B38.C39.B40.D41.A42.C43.D44.A45.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述一項(xiàng)研究表明并不是青少年實(shí)際上選擇冒險(xiǎn)，而是他們在缺乏完全知識的情況下愿意冒險(xiǎn)。【31題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)表明，青少年對不確定事物的品味似乎與年長的人不同。A.differfrom與……不同；B.runafter追趕；C.agreewith同意；D.dividefrom把……分開。根據(jù)下文“Whenfacedwithsituationsthathavehighlyuncertainoutcomes,most____2____groupsreactwithdislike;adolescents,____3____,oftenfindtheseuncertainsituationsquitetolerable.”可知青少年和年長的人的品味不同，故選A?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)面對結(jié)果極不確定的情況時(shí)，大多數(shù)年齡組的人會(huì)表現(xiàn)出厭惡;相比之下，青少年往往覺得這些不確定的情況是可以忍受的。A.family家庭；B.age年齡；C.study學(xué)校；D.work工作。根據(jù)上文的青少年對不確定事物的品味似乎與年長的人不同，可知是其他年齡組的人，故選B?！?3題詳解】考查固定短語辨析。句意：同上。A.asaresult結(jié)果；B.inconclusion總結(jié)；C.forexample舉例；D.bycontrast對比。解釋同上，是青少年和其他年齡組對比得出的結(jié)果，故選D?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語辨析。句意：而不是像通常認(rèn)為的那樣有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的嗜好，青少年的危險(xiǎn)行為源于他們對模棱兩可的事物的舒適。A.addto增加；B.leadto導(dǎo)致；C.contributeto促成；D.originatefrom源于。根據(jù)上文“oftenfindtheseuncertainsituationsquitetolerable”可知對模棱兩可的事易于接受，故選D?！?5題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這些研究結(jié)果發(fā)表在《美國國家科學(xué)院院刊》(ProceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciences)雜志上，指出了青少年和成人之間的基本差異，并為如何就青少年和學(xué)齡前兒童面臨的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行溝通提供了新的理解。A.story故事；B.study學(xué)習(xí)；C.understanding理解；D.news消息。因?yàn)檠芯拷Y(jié)果，所以應(yīng)該是提供新的理解，故選C?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：“我們的研究結(jié)果表明，青少年進(jìn)入不安全的環(huán)境，不是因?yàn)樗麄儽晃ｋU(xiǎn)或有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的環(huán)境所吸引，而是因?yàn)樗麄儧]有充分了解自己的行為可能產(chǎn)生的后果，”該研究的合著者之一AgnieszkaTymula解釋說。A.drawn吸引；B.pushed推進(jìn)；C.brought帶來；D.taken拿，取。根據(jù)下文“but,rather,becausetheyaren’tinformedenoughofthepossibilityoftheconsequencesoftheiractions”可知前后關(guān)系是“不是……而是……”，那也就是造成這種結(jié)果不是因?yàn)樗麄儽晃ｋU(xiǎn)或有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的環(huán)境所吸引，故選A。【37題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：一旦他們真正了解了危險(xiǎn)的情況，他們甚至比成年人更不愿意冒險(xiǎn)。A.define定義；B.understand了解；C.create創(chuàng)造；D.destroy破壞。根據(jù)下文“theyare,ifanything,evenmoreunwillingtotakerisksthanadults”說明他們一旦了解危險(xiǎn)，他們也不愿意去冒險(xiǎn)，故選B。【38題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：這項(xiàng)研究還為與這一年齡段的青少年溝通提供了新的可能性——為青少年提供強(qiáng)調(diào)危險(xiǎn)行為風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)，或訓(xùn)練他們以安全的方式了解風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，這可能會(huì)有效地限制他們?！盇.starting開始；B.identifying識別；C.communicating溝通；D.agreeing同意。根據(jù)上文“Thestudyalsooffersnewpossibilities”可知是為青少年的溝通提供了新的可能性，故選C?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.frightening害怕；B.limiting限制；C.encouraging鼓勵(lì)；D.punishing懲罰。根據(jù)前文說為青少年提供強(qiáng)調(diào)危險(xiǎn)行為風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)，或讓他們以安全的方式了解風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的培訓(xùn)，可知這樣做能限制青少年的冒險(xiǎn)行為，故選B?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：耶魯大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院的IfatLevy是這項(xiàng)研究的共同作者之一，他補(bǔ)充說：“我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)被清楚地陳述后，青少年至少和成年人一樣，有時(shí)甚至比成年人還要回避這些風(fēng)險(xiǎn)?！盇.tried嘗試；B.abandoned放棄；C.fixed固定；D.avoided避免。根據(jù)上文“Whatwefoundwasthatwhenriskswereclearlystated”可知是清楚地了解風(fēng)險(xiǎn)才能避免，故選D。【41題詳解】考查形容詞詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，青少年對模棱兩可的事情更能容忍。A.tolerant忍受的；B.enthusiastic熱情的；C.concerned關(guān)心的；D.eager渴望的。根據(jù)前文說青少年對模棱兩可的事情可以忍受，故選A?！?2題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：從生物學(xué)上講，這很有道理:年輕的生物體需要對未知開放，以便獲得關(guān)于它們的世界的信息?！盇.Materially物質(zhì)上地；B.Psychologically心理上地；C.Biologically生物上地；D.Geologically地質(zhì)上地。根據(jù)下文“youngorganisms”可知是生物學(xué)上，故選C?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞詞詞義辨析。句意：同上。A.new新的；B.exciting激動(dòng)的；C.specific具體的；D.unknown未知的。根據(jù)下文“inordertogaininformationabouttheirworld”所以應(yīng)該是喜歡探索未知的東西，故選D。【44題詳解】考查形容詞詞詞義辨析。句意：此前的研究已經(jīng)證實(shí)，青少年比他們的年齡更大或更年輕的同齡人更有可能做出在極少數(shù)情況下會(huì)導(dǎo)致可怕后果的行為。A.likely可能的；B.cheerful歡樂的；C.reluctant不情愿的；D.able能夠的。根據(jù)前文可知道的研究結(jié)果是青少年比他們的年齡更大或更年輕的同齡人更有可能做出冒險(xiǎn)行為，故選A。【45題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：研究人員寫道：“這并不是說青少年實(shí)際上選擇冒險(xiǎn)，而是他們在缺乏完全知識的情況下愿意冒險(xiǎn)?！盇.need需要；B.lack缺少；C.gain獲得；D.apply應(yīng)用。根據(jù)上文““Itisnotthatadolescentsactuallychoosetoengageinrisks,but,rather,theyarewillingtogamble(賭博)”可知是他們?nèi)鄙僦R的情況下更愿意去冒險(xiǎn)。故選B。SectionB(22’)Directions:Readthefollowingtwopassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.AAtwenty-three-year-oldDutchstudenthasenjoyedashortbutunexpectedholidayinDubai.MrFrankVreede,abusinessstudent,hadtakenapart-timejobatSchipholLastFridaynight,afteranexhaustingdayintheuniversitylibrarypreparingforhisfinalexams,Frankwasloadingaplaneattheairport.Hewaswaitingforthenextbaggagetrucktoarriveandhefelttired.Hedecidedtohaveaquickrest,sohesatdownintheholdoftheplaneandshuthiseyes—justforamoment.However,whilehewassleeping,theplanetookoff.Anhourlater,Frankwokeupandwasfrightenedtodiscoverthattheplanewasintheair.Therewasaterriblenoisefromtheengines,andhetriednottobeafraid.FrankknewtheflightwouldbelongbecauseitwasanairlinefromtheMiddleEast.Healsoknewhecouldnotsurvivethefreezingtemperature.Itwasanimpossiblesituation.Hedecidedtomakeasmuchnoiseaspossible.Hebangedontheceilingofthebaggageholdandshoutedatthetopofhisvoice.Luckily,apassengerheardthenoiseandtoldthepilot.Oncethecaptainunderstoodwhatwashappening,heorderedhotairtobepumpedintothehold.WhentheplanearrivedatDubaiInternationalFrankexplainedthathewasveryluckybecauseitispossibletodieofcoldintheholdofanaircraft.Heapologizedtohisbossforsleepingatworkinsteadofworking,andpromiseditwouldnothappenagain.“DuringtheflightIwaspetrified.IthoughtIwasgoingtodie!”saidMrVreede.“Iwouldn’twanttodoitagain.Nexttime,I’llcatcharegularflight!”46.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistheexplanationof“Itwasanimpossiblesituation”(inparagraph3)?A.Thelongflightmightnotendasscheduled.B.Itwastoocoldtosurviveintheholdoftheplane.C.Frankwastootiredtoletothersknowwhathappened.D.ThenoisewouldkeepFrankawakeduringthejourney.47.WhathappenedtoFrankwhenhearrivedatDubai?A.Hewasfoundseriouslyhurt.B.Hewassentbackhomeimmediately.C.Hestayedinahotelfortheweekend.D.Heapologizedtohismanagerforhismistake.48.Theword“petrified”(inparagraph6)isclosestinmeaningto________.A.shocked B.bored C.worried D.terrified49.Whichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.AFreeFlighttoDubaiB.AShortbutPleasantJourneytoDubaiC.ASuccessfulFlightDASmartbutUnluckyBaggageHandler【答案】46.B47.C48.D49.A【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道，主要講的是商學(xué)院學(xué)生弗蘭克?弗里德在迪拜度過了一個(gè)短暫而意外的假期。【46題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第三段“Healsoknewhecouldnotsurvivethefreezingtemperature.（他也知道自己無法在嚴(yán)寒中生存。）”可知，劃線句的意思是機(jī)艙里太冷了，無法生存。故選B。【47題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段的“ThemanagingdirectorofoneofDubai’stophotelsofferedhimafreeroomfortheweekend.（迪拜一家頂級酒店的總經(jīng)理給他提供了一個(gè)周末的免費(fèi)房間。）”可知，弗蘭克到達(dá)迪拜后他在一家旅館過周末。故選C?！?8題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)最后一段的“IthoughtIwasgoingtodie!（我以為我要死了?。笨芍?dāng)覺得自己快死了的時(shí)候人應(yīng)該會(huì)覺得害怕，因此劃線詞petrified的意思是“害怕的”，即terrified，故選D?！?9題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段的“Atwenty-three-year-oldDutchstudenthasenjoyedashortbutunexpectedholidayinDubai.（一名23歲的荷蘭學(xué)生在迪拜度過了一個(gè)短暫而意外的假期。）”根據(jù)第二段“Hewaswaitingforthenextbaggagetrucktoarriveandhefelttired.Hedecidedtohaveaquickrest,sohesatdownintheholdoftheplaneandshuthiseyes—justforamoment.”（他在等下一輛行李運(yùn)輸車，感到很累。他決定快速休息一下，于是他在機(jī)艙里坐下來，閉上眼睛——就一會(huì)兒。）根據(jù)第三段“However,whilehewassleeping,theplanetookoff.Anhourlater,Frankwokeupandwasfrightenedtodiscoverthattheplanewasintheair.”（然而，就在他睡著的時(shí)候，飛機(jī)起飛了。一個(gè)小時(shí)后，弗蘭克醒了過來，驚恐地發(fā)現(xiàn)飛機(jī)正在空中飛行）可知，本文主要講的是一名工作在機(jī)場的23歲的荷蘭學(xué)生因?yàn)槔Ь攵`乘坐在行李艙去了迪拜。了因此本文最好的題目是A選項(xiàng)“AFreeFlighttoDubai（飛往迪拜的免費(fèi)航班）”，故選A。BClimatechangeiscausedbytheextremelyhighlevelsofdangerouschemicalsintheatmosphere,particularlycarbondioxide.Weallknowtheeffectscouldbedisastrous,butareweawareofthepossiblesolutions?Solutionone:Thoughitsoundscrazy,agroupofresearchersfromBritishuniversitiesismakingaplantobuilda12-milepipe,heldupbyahugeballoon,whichwouldletalotofchemicals,suchassulphurdioxide(SO2),gointotheatmosphere.Surprisingly,thereisgoodsciencebehindtheidea.Thechemicalswouldformaprotectivelayeraroundtheearththatwouldreflectsunlightandsocooltheearth,muchliketheeffectsofavolcaniceruption.Cost:around$10billionayearBenefits:Thisplanwouldproducealmostinstantresults.Risks:Volcanoeshavealmostdestroyhumaninthepastthroughthechemicalsreleasedintheatmosphere,andthesamethingcouldhappenagainwiththisplan.Solutiontwo:stirup(攪動(dòng))theoceansIntellectualVentures,whichisacompany,hasplannedtobuildamillionplastictubes,eachabout100meterslong,andusethemtostiruptheocean.Why,youmightbewondering,wouldwewanttodothis?Again,theanswerisscientificallyeffective.Thebottomoftheoceanisalmostfreezingandbystirringitup,coldwaterwouldcometothesurfaceandabsorb(吸收)heatandCO2,andsocooltheplanet.Cost:tensofmillionsofdollarsBenefits:Thisplanisrelativelycheapandtechnicallypossiblenew.Risks:Thetubeswouldpossiblydestroysealife,andtheplanmaynotwork.Solutionthree:stopburningfossilfuelsThisisundoubtedlythebestsolutionbutisitreallylikelytohappeninthenearfuture?Cost:unknownBenefits:It’sasimpleandeffectiveplan.Risks:Itmayalreadybetoolate.Withoutrealaction,thisplancouldjustmean“donothing”.50.Solutiononeismostlikelyto________.A.pump