上海市浦東新區(qū)2023-2024學年高三年級上冊期末（一模）教學質量檢測英語試卷

上海市浦東新區(qū)2023?2024學年高三上學期期末(一模)教

學質量檢測英語試卷

學校:姓名：班級：考號：

一、語法填空

Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherent

andgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththe

properformofthegivenword;fbrtheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.

WildlifeReportCallsforAction

TheWorldWideFundforNaturereleaseditsLivingPlanetReport,whichfoundthatthe

Earth'swildlifepopulationshavefallenby69%inthepast50years.

Thereportisproducedeverytwoyearstoshowhowthenaturalworldischanging,so

governments,businesses,andconservationistsunderstand]needstobedoneto

protecttheEarth.Theteamlooksatseveralfactors.OneistheLivingPlanetIndex(LPI),

2examineshowwildlifepopulationshavechangedovertime.Atotalof5,268species

acrosstheworldhavebeentracked,includingbirds,fish,insects,andmammals.

Thechangeinwildlifevariesaroundtheworld.SouthAmericaandtheCaribbeanare

themostaffected.Intheseareas,theaveragewildlifepopulationshavedroppedby94%over

50years.CentralAsiaandEuropehave3(small)decline,withan18%drop.The

WWFsaysthechangesarecausedbyhumanactivity.Oneofthebiggestthreats4

(face)wildlifeisthenumberofacresofforestthatarebeingchoppeddown5that

thelandcanbeusedforfarminginstead.Tofindthebestwaytoprotectanimalsworldwide,

theInternationalUnionforConservationofNature(IUCN)isstudyinghoweasyorhard

6willbetohelpdifferentspecies.Ithassoforfoundthatthepopulationsofseveral

animals,includingthepinkpigeonandtheSumatranrhino,7beboosted.

WhilesomenewsfromtheLivingPlanetReportisworrisome,thereisgoodnews,too.

Uptonowthenumbersofmanyspecies8(rise)aroundtheworldbecauseof

people'seffortstoprotectthem.InIndia,thenumberoftigershasnearlydoubledsince2009.

Andin2020,thereweremorethan50sightingsofthecritically9(endanger)

Antarcticbluewhale.

IntheUS,conservationeffortsinrecentdecadeshavehelpedtosaveseveralspecies,

includingthebaldeagle,which10(remove)fromthethreatenedspecieslistin2007.

試卷第1頁，共12頁

二、選詞填空

Directions:Fillineachblankwithaproperwordchosenfromthebox.Eachwordcanbe

usedonlyonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.assigned.B.bond.C.consequently.D.deliberately.E.discomfort

F.eliminateG.measured.H.pass.I.reluctantJ.revealK.sympathetic

Thereareplentyofcomplaintsabouthowsocialmedia-textinginparticular-maybe

harmingchildren'ssocialandintellectualdevelopment.Butanewstudysuggeststhat

constantinstantmessaging(IM9ing)andtextingamongteensmayalsoprovidebenefits,

particularlyforintroverts,whoare11totelltheirthoughtstoothers.

Britishresearchersanalyzed150conversationsexchangedby231teens.In100ofthese

chats,thestudyparticipantbeganIM'ingwhileinanegativeemotionalstatesuchassadness

oranger.Therestwereconversationsbegunwhentheparticipantwasfeelinggoodorneutral.

Afterthechat,participantsreporteda20%reductionintheirdistress-notenoughto

completely12itbutenoughtoleavethemfeelingbetterthantheyhadbefore

reachingout.

“OurfindingssuggestthatIM'ingbetweendistressedadolescentsandtheirpeersmay

13contributetotheirwell-being,9,theauthorswrite,notingprovideemotionalreliefand

thatpriorresearchhasshownthatpeople14totalktostrangerseitherinreallifeor

onlineimprovedtheirmoodinbothsettings,butevenmorewithIM.Andpeoplewhotalk

withtheirreal-lifefriendsonlinealsoreportfeelingclosertothemthanthosewhojust

communicatewitheachotherface-to-face,implyingastrengtheningoftheir15.

Whywoulddigitalcommunicationbeathumancontact?Theregionsarecomplex,but

mayhavesomethingtodowiththefactthatuserscancontroltheirexpressionsofsadnessand

otheremotionstheymaybehavingviaIMwithouthavingto16emotionalelements

suchastears,whichsomemayconsiderasembarrassingorsourcesof17.Studies

alsoshowthattheanonymity(匿名)ofwritingonadeviceblanketstheusersinasenseof

safely.Priorresearchhasshownthatexpressivewritingitselfcan"vent"emotionsand

provideasenseofreliefanddoingso,knowingthatyourwordsarereachinga(n)18

friendmaybeevenmoretherapeutic.Researchersalsofoundthatintrovertedparticipants

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reportedmorerelieffromIMconversationswhentheyweredistressedthanextrovertsdid.In

fact,introvertscaredeeplyfortheirfriends,familyandcolleagues,buteventhemostsocially

skilledonessometimeslongforafree19fromhavingtosocializeorhavingtotalk

onthephone.ThisiswhattheInternetoffers:thechancetoconnect~~butin20

doesandfrombehindascreen.

三、完形填空

Askywell,or"tianjing",isatypicalfeatureofatraditionalhomeinChina.21

anorthernChinesecourtyard,or"yuanzi“askywellissmallerandlessexposedtothe

outdoorenvironment.Theyare22seeninhomesdatingtoMingandQingdynasties,

whichweredesignedto23differentgenerationsofrelatives.

Althoughaskywell*ssizeanddesignvaryfromregiontoregion,itisalwaysrectangular

andlocatedintheCoreofahouse,either24byroomsonfoursidesorthreesidesplus

awall.Skywellsweredesignedtocoolbuildingsbeforeair-conditioningexisted.Whenwind

blowsaboveaskywellhouse,itcanentertheindoorspacethroughtheopening.Because

outdoorairisoftencoolerthanindoorair,the25breezetravelsdownthewallstothe

lowerstoreysandcreateair26byreplacingwarmerindoorair,whichrisesand

leavesthroughtheopening.

Themainpurposeofaskywellistoallowinlight,improveventilation（通風）and

27rainwater.InHuizhou,askywellissmallbuttall,andtheroomsarounditcan28

sunlightonhotdays,enablingthebottomoftheskywelltostaycool.29hotair

insidethehousecanriseandescapethroughtheopeningabovetheskywell,which6tworks

justlikea30''

Asa（n）31spacebetweenindoorlifeandtheoutdoorenvironment,askywell

actsasaneffectiveheatbuffer（緩沖）toshieldresidentsfromthehotairoutside.Butthe

largestpartofskywelfscoolingeffectactuallycomeswhentherearebodiesofwaterinthe

enclosure.

Evaporatedwatercoolshotair,aprocessknownasevaporativecoolingwhichis32

inHuizhouskywells.Inthepast,Huizhoufamiliescollectedrainwaterintheirskywells

becausetheybelievedthiscouldsafeguardandboosttheirwealth.Skywellsthereforehave

channelsaroundthemto33rainwatercomingfromtheroofs.

試卷第3頁，共12頁

ThoughexistinginChinaforhundredsofyears,inrecenttimestheyhaveoftenbeen

forgottenbypeoplewhoprefermodern34.Overthepasttwodecades,however,due

toa35oftraditionalChinesearchitecture,skywellbuildingshavebeenmakinga

comeback.

21.A.ParallelwithB.DifferentfromC.ClosetoD.Symbolicof

22.A.commonlyB.rarelyC.apparentlyD.currently

23.A.bindB.gatherC.houseD.honor

24.A.enclosedB.separatedC.accompaniedD.replaced

25.A.calmingB.refreshingC.incomingD.upcoming

26.A.pollutionB.pressureC.currentD.circulation

27.A.promiseB.harvestC.stopD.process

28.A.blockoutB.batheinC.allowfbrD.letout

29.A.NeverthelessB.MeanwhileC.SimilarlyD.Rather

30.A.wellB.columnC.chimneyD.ceiling

31.A.idealB.leisureC.alternativeD.transition

32.A.well-reflectedB.well-shadedC.well-developedD.well-organized

33.A.collectB.purifyC.drainD.evaporate

34.A.techniquesB.facilitiesC.stylesD.inventions

35.A.reunionB.reminderC.renewalD.rearrangement

四、閱讀理解

Asmountainsgo,l,642-fbotSquawPeakisn'tparticularlyimposing.Butitsinviting

viewsofwesternMassachusettshavetrickedhikersintobecominglesscautiousamongits

steep,slipperycliffs,resultingincountlessinjuriesandevendeaths.

HenryGrant,aweekbeforestartinghisfreshmanyear,respectedSquawPeak'srecord.

Assuch,hestayedagoodtenfeetfromtheedgewhilewaitingforhismothertocatchupto

himonedayinAugust2019.Hewatched15orsootherhikersenjoytheview;onehiker,

around60anddressedinpink,waspeekingoverthelipofthecliffwithherhusband.

Suddenlyheheardsomethingfrightening:"Paula!Paula!”amanyelledfrantically.Grant

turnedaround.Thewomaninpinkwasnowheretobeseen.Severalhikersimmediately

startedlookingforher.Uncertaintheycouldhelp,Grantandhismotherheadeddownthetrail.

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Butwhenhesawhikersstillsearching,hedecidedtolendahand."Myyoungdumbbrain

waslike,Icandoit,“hesays.

After15minutesofscramblingoverrocks,Grantspottedafigureinpink.Thewoman

hadfallenabout75feet.Miraculously,shewasalive.

“Paula!”Grantshouted.4tPaula.Isthatyou?^^

Thewomanbarelyresponded.Shewasclearlyhurtanddelirious.Grantcalled911and

waited,butshekepttryingtomove,andeverytimeshemoved,sheslippedalittlemore.

Afraidthatinherdisorderlystateofmindshemightfallofftherocktoherdeath,Grant

crawledonallfoursupatight,narrowpath,gainingfrictionbydiggingintothedirtwithhis

fingersandfeetuntilhereachedPaula.

Securinghimselfagainstatree,Granttriedtokeephermindoffthepainbyintervening

withquestions;"Whereareyoufrom?Whatdoyoudoforaliving?Doyouhavekids?”

About45minuteslater,firstrespondersarrived,Toreachthem,arescuerlowereddownand

liftedPaulaup.

Paula,whohasfullyrecovered,isPaulaKaplan-Reiss,aNewJerseypsychologistwho

hadtraveledtotheBerkshiremountainsofMassachusettsforsomerelieffollowingher

mother'sdeath.Instead,shemetayoungmanwho,asshestatedinalettertotheBoston

Globe,washernewhero.

36.Paula'saccidentonSquawPeakismostlikelytheresultof.

A.theheavyblowcausedbyhermother'sdeath

B.theslipperycliffsthatresultedinmanyinjuriesanddeaths

C.herbeinglesssafety-consciousatthebreathtakingviews.

D.herhusband'sneglectofcarewhileaccompanyingher

37.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“delirious“inParagraph6meanaccordingtothecontext?

A.Unabletomove.B.Unabletostayconscious.

C.Unabletotalk.D.Unabletothinkclearly.

38.WhydidGrandkeepaskingPaulaquestions?

A.Todistractherattentionfromthepain.B.Tofindouthercondition.

C.Toencouragehertoholdon.D.Togettoknowherbetter.

39.WhatkindofpersonisHenryGrantaccordingtothearticle?

A.Dumbandbrave.B.Decisiveandsensible.

C.Respectfulandcaring.D.Reservedandcalm.

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WhilewritingplainEnglishisnochallenge,mostofusstruggletofindwordsorphrases

toperfectlyfallinplacewiththecontent.Tohelpyouimproveyourwritingskillsin

English,wehavecollectedsomeofthebestwebresourcesdedicatedtothismission.

BetterWriting

MadeEasy

Grammarly

?Grammarlyisoneofthebestonlineresourcestogrammarlysignificantlyimproveyour

vocabularyandwriting.Itisbasicallyanonlinewordprocessor,whichgoesbeyond

othersincorrectingover250typesofEnglishmistakes.Thespell-checkerand

vocabularyenhancerarethestandoutfeaturesofGrammarly.

?SincetheGrammarlyappisalsoavailableforyourwebbrowser,youcansimply

installtheextensionandeditallofyourEmails,socialmediaposts,oranycontentthat

youcreatefromyourwebbrowser.

?AlthoughGrammarlyisofferedasfreeinstallation,apremiumplandoesexistwhich

costsaround$29.95/month.

Thesaurus

?ThesaurusisoneofthevitaltoolsthateverygoodEnglishwriterhasintheir

storehouse.BuildingonvocabularyisessentialandthatiswhatThesaurusjustoffers.

Thesaurushelpsusersbyprovidingalternativewordsandphrasestoperfectlyexpress

themselves.Italsooffersthebestcollectionofsynonymsandantonyms.

?Overuseofcliches,adverbsorbulkyphrasesissomeexamplesofpoorwriting,which

needstobeaddressed.Inthiscase,theThesaurushasacollectionofsomeofthemost

overusedexpressionsthatmustbeavoidedinwrittenEnglish.

?SharpenyourEnglishskillswiththispowerfulonlineandmobileapplicationtoolfor

free.

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HemingwayApp

IIUU

OVMtetlQM

?TheHemingwayAppisawonderfulweb-basedanddesktopsoftwaretohelpyouedit

yourwrittenEnglish.IttacklesalotofsubtledifferencesinEnglishwriting,likevery

complexsentences,usesofpassivevoiceandmuchmore.UsingHemingwayApp,allof

yourwordysentencesarehighlightedinyellowandirrelevantcontentinred.

?TheHemingwayappalsoprovidesareadabilityscorefortheenteredtext,whichyou

couldusetoanalyzethestructureofthecontentyou'vewrittenandbuildaconnection

withyourreaders.

?Thoughavailableasafreeversionforwebinterfaces,thestandalonedesktopsoftware

forMacandWindowscosts$9.99/month.

40.Whichofthefollowingcanbelearnedfromthepassage?

A.Grammarlyisprimarilyfocusedonhelpingimprovespellingandgrammarinwriting.

B.Thesaurusoffersalargecollectionofwordentriestoenhancevocabulary.

C.TheHemingwayApp'spremiumdesktopsoftwareisavailableforaone-timepayment

of$9.99.

D.TheHemingwayAppassignsadistinctcolortoeachtypeofgrammarmistakeit

detectsinthetext.

41.Ifyouexpecttoobjectivelyassesshoweffectivelyyourcontentwillconnectwithyour

readers,youarelikelytoturnto.

A.GrammarlyB.ThesaurusC.HemingwayAppD.all

42.WhoareprobablyNOTtheintendedreadersofthispassage?

A.Fictionwriterslookingforreallifematerialstosparktheircreativity.

B.Non-nativeEnglishspeakerswantingtoimprovetheirwritingproficiency.

C.Languageenthusiastsinterestedinexploringdifferentweb-basedtools.

D.Magazineeditorswhoseroleinvolvesreviewingandpolishingmanuscripts.

Iwasamong31murdererssenttotheLouisianaStatePenitentiaryin1962tobe

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executedorimprisonedforlife.Wewereunskilled,impulsiveanduneducatedmisfits,mostly

black,whohaddonedumb,impulsivethings-failures,rejectsfromthelargersociety.Now

agenerationhaspassedsinceI'vebeenhere,andeverythingismuchthesameasIfoundit.

Thevastmajorityofusarehandedovertosufferanddieheresopoliticianscansellthe

illusionthatpermanentlyputtingpeopletoprisonwillmakesocietysafe.

Gettingtoughhasalwaysbeena“silverbullet”,aquickFIXforthecrimeandviolence

thatsocietyfears.EachyearinLouisiana-whereexcessisawayoflife-law-makers

havetriedtooutdoeachotherinlegislatingharsherpenalties.Theonlythingtodowith

criminals,theysay,isgettougher.Intheprocess,thestateboastsoneofthehighestlook-up

ratesinthecountry,andimposesthemostseverepenaltiesinthenation.

Ifgettingtoughresultedinpublicsafety,Louisianacitizenswouldbethesafestinthe

nation.They'renot.Louisianahasthehighestmurderrateamongstates.Prison,likethe

policeandthecourts,hasaminimalimpactoncrimebecauseitisaresponseafterthefact,it

doesn'twork.Theideaofpunishingthefewtodiscouragethemanyisfakebecausepotential

criminalseitherthinkthey5renotgoingtogetcaughtorthey9resopsychologicallydistressed

thattheydon'tcare,abouttheconsequencesoftheiractions.Thethreatenedpunishment,

regardlessofitsseverity,isneverafactorintheequation.

Prisonhasaroleinpublicsafety,butitisnotacure-all.Theonlyeffectivewayto

containcrimeisforsocietytoworktopreventthecriminalactinthefirstplace.Our

youngstersmustbetaughttorespecthumanityofothersandtohandledisputewithout

violence.Itisessentialtoeducateandequipthemwiththeskillstopursuetheirlifeambitions

inameaningfulway.Asacommunity,wemustaddresstheadverselifecircumstancesthat

breedcriminality.Thesethingsarenotquick,andtheyarenoteasy,buttheyareeffective.

Politiciansthinkthat'stoohardasell.Theywantsomethingtheycanpointtoatre-election

time.Sothedrumbeatgoesonformorepolice,moreprisons,moreofthesamefailed

policies.

Everseeadogchaseitsowntail?

43.Whichofthefollowingsituationsisnotregardedasa“silverbullet”?

A.Employingaroundaboutwaytohelpstudentscorrecttheirmistakes.

B.Settinguprefugestoshelterthehomelesswarvictims.

C.Trainingfarmerswithfarmingtechniquestohelpthemoutofpoverty.

D.Adoptingeffectivepoliciestosaveeconomyfromworsening.

試卷第8頁，共12頁

44.Accordingtothepassage,lawmakers5failuretomakeproperlegislationisduetothefact

that.

A.theyareproudandboastfulofhighlock-upratesB.theyfailtoaddresstherootof

theproblem

C,theydon'ttreatpeopleofdifferentracesalikeD.theygiveprioritytoprecaution

overpunishment

45.TheidiombestdescribingtheeffectivewaytoeasetheseverityofcrimeinLouisianais

A.turnoveranewleaf.B.getakickoutofit

C.aneyeforaneye.D.preventionisbetterthancure

46.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.Prisons-AToolforElection.B.WhyPrisonsDon'tWork

C.AnAppealfromaMurderer.D.WhySocietyIsaSaferPlace

WhichLanguagesTaketheLongesttoLearn

Thedifficultyinlearningaforeignlanguageliesnotonlyinitsinherentcomplexity.The

mainreasonalanguageishardisthatitisdifferentfromyourown.Whatunderliesthe

difficultyofsuchlanguagesforanEnglish-speaker?

Thefirstthingmanylearnerswillthinkofisthewritingsystem.47Chinese

standsoutforitsdifficulty.Itiscommonlysaidthatalearnermustmemorizearound2,000

characterstobeabletoreadanewspaper.Buteventhisestimateiscriticized.Someonewith2,

000characterswillstillhavetolookupunfamiliaronesineveryfewlinesoftext.

Asecondwaylanguagescanbehardiswithsoundsanddistinctionsthatdonotexistin

theleamefslanguage.ToanEnglish-speaker,thenoveltiesincludetheclicksofmanyAfrican

languages.48MandarinandCantonesehavetones,meaningmawithanevenpitch

andmawithafallingonearedifferentwords.

Thevocabularyobviouslymatterstoo.MostEuropeanlanguagesshareanancestor

(calledproto-IndoEuropean)andsotheirwords,too,oftencomeinrelatedpairs.Ifyou

knowwaterinSpanishisagua,itiseasytofigureoutItalianacquaandEnglishaquatic.

LanguagesunrelatedtotheEuropeanones(ArabicfromtheSemiticfamily,orChinesefrom

theSino-Tibetanone)willnotonlylackthe"genetic“overlapinvocabulary.49.

Finally,thereisgrammar.Manypeopleassociatetrickygrammarwithlonglistsof

endingsthatchangeaccordingtoaword*suseinasentence.Manylanguagesevenfeaturean

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endingonverbsindicatinghowthespeakerknowstheinformationtobetrue.

50Ifyouwanttolearnalanguagejustforfun,startwithSwedish.Ifyouwant

toaccumulateanimpressivenumber,stayinEurope.Butifyoureallywanttoimpress,

masteringMandarinisthesignofthetruelinguisticIronman.

A.Theyareculturallydistant,andsohavefarlessborrowedEuropeanvocabularytoo.

B.Thismorethananythingelseaccountsforthedifficultyofthelanguage.

C.Indeed,noneofthehardestlanguagesiswrittenwiththeLatinalphabetusedbymost

Europeanlanguages.

D.Butforeignwritingsystemsneednotbedifficult.

E.Theoverallhardnessofalanguagecanbeseenasthesumofthedifficultyofits

writingsystem,sounds,wordsandgrammar.

F.Butjustashardistheproblemoflanguagesthatdifferfromyourown.

五、書面表達

51.Directions:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)

ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.

DoesReadingImproveHealth

Whenthinkingaboutourwellbeingandtakingcareofourselves,somethingsthatwe

shoulddoareharderthanothers.Readingisoneoftheeasierones.Whatfollowsarea

numberofwaysinwhichreadingcanhelpmaintainandimprovehealth.

Readingallowsyoutode-stressbyunpluggingandescaping.Inonestudy,readingwas

foundtobeaseffectiveasyogaandhumorinreducingsubjectivefeelingsofstressovera

30-minuteperiod,aswellasbloodpressureandheartrate.Notethatagoodold-fashioned

bookoradedicatedeBookreaderisthebestwaytodothis.

Readersmaylivelongerthannon-readers.Onestudyfoundthatthiswassupposedtobe

duetotheeffectthatreadinghasonmaintainingcognitiveabilitiesovertime.Inanother

studyofindividualsaged64andover,thosewhoreadatleastonceaweekwerelesslikelyto

experiencecognitivedeclinethanthosewhodidnot.Atthe14-yearmarkofthestudy,and

regardlessofeducationallevel,thosewhoreadmoreenjoyedgreaterprotection.Thiseffectis

maintainedintoreaders980's.

Bibliotherapy,ortheuseofvariousreadingmaterialsforthepromotionofpsychological

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health,isawell-knownaidtomentalhealthtreatment.Bibliotherapycanconsistofanytype

ofliteratureandmayincludeself-helpbooks,focusedreadings,first-handaccountsofothers'

experiences,andevenrelevantfiction.Thiscanbeapowerfulstrategyandhasbeenused

successfullytoreducedepression,suicidalthinking,anxiety,stressandetc.

Thebenefitsofreadingareinnumerableandreadingisalowtono-costactivity.Cheap

andno-costbooksareeverywhere.Publiclibrariescontinuetobeoneofthemostamazing

resources.Ifyouaren'tanaturalreader,youhavenothingtolosebygivingitatry.

六、翻譯

52.雖然青少年愛和父母頂嘴，但是他們內心是尊重父母的。（typical）（漢譯英）

53.所有飛往西班牙的乘客請等候，何時出發(fā)另行通知。（notice）（漢譯英）

54.盲目刷題毫無意義，學習方法的關鍵是要知其然，知其所以然。（point）（漢譯英）

55.讀了關于這個教授兼宇航員的報道，我逐漸意識到，只要敢于有夢，勤于圓夢，人

生就有無限可能。（dawn）（漢譯英）

七、書面表達

56.Directions:WriteanEnglishcompositionin120——150wordsaccordingtothe

instructionsgivenbelowinChinese.

近期，“消失的課間十分鐘''問題引發(fā)社會持續(xù)熱議。有些學校規(guī)定，學生在課間除了上

廁所、喝水之外，不允許離開教室。請對此現(xiàn)象發(fā)表你的看法。

你的作文須包括：

1.簡要分析該現(xiàn)象背后的原因；

2.結合自身經(jīng)歷，談談如何“喚醒”課間十分鐘。

試卷第11頁，共12頁

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參考答案:

1.what2.which3.thesmallest4.facing5.so6.it7.can8.have

risen9.endangered10.wasremoved

【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了世界野生動物的數(shù)量在下降，并分析了下降的原

因，以及人們?yōu)楸Ｗo野生動物所作出的努力。

1.考查賓語從句。句意：該報告每兩年發(fā)布一次，展示自然界是如何變化的，這樣政府、

企業(yè)和環(huán)保主義者就知道需要做些什么來保護地球。分析句式結構可知，此處為賓語從句，

且從句中缺少主語，所以用what來引導。故填what。

2.考查定語從句。句意：其中之一是地球生命力指數(shù)(LPI),它研究野生動物種群隨時間的

變化情況。分析句式結構可知，此處是非限制性定語從句，且從句中缺少主語，所以用關系

代詞which來引導。故填whicho

3.考查形容詞的比較級。句意：中亞和歐洲的降幅最小，僅為18%。根據(jù)上文themostaffected

可知，此處也用形容詞的最高級形式。故填thesmallest。

4.考查非謂語動詞。句意：野生動物面臨的最大威脅之一是有多少英畝的森林被砍伐，以

便將土地用于農(nóng)業(yè)。分析句式結構可知，此處用非謂語動詞作后置定語，又因為threats和

face之間是主動關系，所以用非謂語動詞中的現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語。故填facing。

5.考查固定搭配。句意：同上。根據(jù)空格后的that可知，此處用固定搭配s。that表示“以

便故填so。

6.考查代詞。句意：為了找到保護全世界動物的最佳方法，國際自然保護聯(lián)盟(IUCN)正在

研究幫助不同物種的難易程度。分析句式結構可知，此處用it作形式主語，真正的主語是下

文的動詞不定式。故填it。

7.考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：到目前為止，研究人員已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)，包括粉鴿和蘇門答臘犀牛在內

的幾種動物的數(shù)量可以得到提高。分析句意再根據(jù)空格后的動詞原形be可知，此處用情態(tài)

動詞can表示這幾種動物的數(shù)量“可以”得到提高。故填can。

8.考查動詞的時態(tài)。句意：到目前為止，由于人們努力保護它們，世界上許多物種的數(shù)量

已經(jīng)上升。根據(jù)上文的時間狀語Uptonow可知，本句的時態(tài)應該用現(xiàn)在完成時，又因為主

語thenumbers是復數(shù)名詞，所以用have+過去分詞。故填haveriseno

9.考查形容詞。句意：在2020年，人們看到了50多只極度瀕危的南極藍鯨。分析句式結

答案第1頁，共13頁

構可知，此處用提示詞的形容詞形式endangered作后置定語表示“瀕危的”南極藍鯨。故填

endangeredo

10.考查動詞的語態(tài)。句意：在美國，近幾十年來的保護工作幫助拯救了幾個物種，包括

2007年從瀕危物種名單中除名的白頭鷹。分析句式結構可知，定語從句中的關系代詞which

指代thebaldeagle是單數(shù)名詞，且和動詞remove之間是被動關系，再根據(jù)下文in2007,所

以此處用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，謂語動詞用be動詞+過去分詞，且be動詞用was。故填

wasremovedo

11.112.F13.C14.A15.B16.J17.E18.K19.H20.G

【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一項新研究——青少年之間經(jīng)常使用即時通訊工具

(IM)和發(fā)短信也有好處，尤其是對那些內向的人來說。

11.考查形容詞。句意：但一項新的研究表明，青少年經(jīng)常使用即時通訊和發(fā)短信也有好處，

尤其是對內向的人來說，他們不愿意把自己的想法告訴別人。根據(jù)"particularlyfbrintroverts,

whoare”以及句意"不愿意”可知應填形容詞reluctant,作表語。故選I。

12.考查動詞。句意：聊天后，參與者報告說他們的痛苦減少了20%——雖然不足以完全

消除痛苦，但足以讓他們感覺比聯(lián)系之前好。根據(jù)“participantsreporteda20%reductionin

theirdistress一notenoughtocompletely”以及句意"消除“可知應填動詞eliminate,且上文為短

語enoughtodosth.。故選F。

13.考查副詞。句意：作者寫道：“我們的研究結果表明，在苦惱的青少年和他們的同齡人

之間進行即時通訊可能因此有助于他們的健康。”作者指出，即時通訊可以緩解情緒，而且

之前的研究表明，被分配在現(xiàn)實生活或網(wǎng)絡上與陌生人交談的人在這兩種情況下都能改善他

們的情緒，但使用即時通訊的效果更好。根據(jù)“contributetotheirwell-being”以及句意"因此"

可知應填副詞consequently,修飾動詞contribute?故選C。

14.考查動詞。句意：作者寫道