閱讀理解之記敘文-2023年中考英語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)專項(xiàng)突破

專項(xiàng)38閱讀理解之記敘文

備戰(zhàn)2023年中考英語(yǔ)精選考點(diǎn)專項(xiàng)突破

考點(diǎn)詳解

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一、材料特點(diǎn)

人物故事類的閱讀理解是中考英語(yǔ)的?？疾牧现?這類文章一般可分為人物傳記和短篇故事兩類。

i.人物傳記主要涉及某人的生平事跡、趣聞?shì)W事、生活背景、個(gè)性特征、成長(zhǎng)和奮斗歷程等，其特點(diǎn)

是以時(shí)間的先后或事件的發(fā)展為主線，脈絡(luò)清楚，可讀性較強(qiáng)。

2.短篇故事與人物傳記不同的是，這類文章一般描述的是某一件具體事情的發(fā)生發(fā)展或結(jié)局，有人物、

時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和事件。命題往往從故事的情節(jié)、人物或事件之間的關(guān)系、作者的態(tài)度及意圖、故事前因和后

果的推測(cè)等方面著手，考查考生對(duì)細(xì)節(jié)的辨認(rèn)能力以及推理判斷能力。

二、解題技巧

1.閱讀人物傳記類文章時(shí)應(yīng)該抓住時(shí)間線索來(lái)獲取有關(guān)信息，即主人翁在某個(gè)時(shí)間做過(guò)什么，然后通

過(guò)分析推理、綜合歸納的方法進(jìn)行解題。

2.閱讀短篇故事類材料時(shí)，同學(xué)們一定要根據(jù)主要情節(jié)掌握文章主旨大意，同時(shí)抓住每一個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)，設(shè)

身處地地根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容揣摩作者的態(tài)度和意圖，根據(jù)情節(jié)展開(kāi)想象，這樣的話即使是深層理解題也可迎刃

而解。

4盡真題再現(xiàn)

A

（2022?山東東營(yíng)?中考真題）

I'mgoodinschool.Idomyworkandstudyalot,butforsomereason,Ihaveaverybadhabitoflosingthings.

Lastsummer,Iwasonvacationwithmyfamilyatthebeach.Onthefirstday,myfathergavemeawatchto

taketheplaceoftheoneIhadlosttheyearbefore.t4Youneedtohaveawatch,sotakegoodcareofthisone,^^he

said.

Thenextday,Iwentswimming.Thesunwasshiningonthewater.Thewaterwaswarmandbeautiful.Iswam.

IfloatedG票?。?1dove（潛水）.Ireallyenjoyedbeinginthewater.

BythetimeIreturnedtobeach,IwasquitetiredsoIlaydown.Atthatmoment,Irememberedmywatchand

lookedtoseewhattimeitwas.Butitwasgone!Isearchedallafternoon,butIcouldnotfindit.

Thatnightatdinner,Iarrivedwithmysleeves（衣袖）pulleddown,hopingnoonewouldnoticethatIdidn't

havemywatch.

Mysisterasked,“Whattimeisit?”

“AskTom,,,mymothersaid."Hehastheexpensivenewwatch.”

Dadlookedatmeandsaid,"Don'ttellmethatyou'velostthewatchalready!?,

“No!"Isaid.Iwassweating（出汗）withgreatfear.1knewIwasgoingtobecaughtinaterriblelie（謊言）.

Justthen,therewasanannouncement,“Ladiesandgentlemen,averynicewatchwasfoundonthebeachtoday.If

youlostoneandcanidentify（確認(rèn)）it,pleaseetothefrontdesk.”

Immediately（立亥I）,IknewwhatIhadtodo.Islowlygotup,withmywholefamilystaringatme.Iwentto

thedesk.Thereitwas.Thewatchwasnotbroken.Itwasstillworking.

Iwalkedbacktothetable,satdownandsaidinalowvoice,"I'msorryIdidn'ttellthetruth."Myfamily

smiled.TheyknewthatIhadfinallylearnedmylesson.

1.Tom'sfathergavehimanewwatchbecauseTom.

A.neededoneB.wasonvacationC.dislikedhisoldoneD.behavedwellatschool

2.WhatdidTomdowhenhefoundthewatchwasgone?

A.Hetoldhisfatheraboutthat.B.Heaskedthefrontdeskforhelp.

C.Hespentallafternoonsearchingforit.D.Hedidnothingandcontinuedlyingonthebeach.

3.HowmightTomfeelaftersaying"No"?

A.Upset.B.Worried.C.Relaxed.D.Disappointed.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

A.Tomstudieshard.B.Tomswimswell.C.Tomalwaystellslies.D.Tomoftenlosesthings.

5.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“l(fā)esson“inthelastsentencereferto?

A.Takegoodcareofourthings.B.It'simportanttolistentoparents.

C.Weshouldexcuseothers5mistakes.D.Facemistakesbravelyratherthantellinglies.

【答案】1.A2.C3.B4.C5.A

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文講述了作者有個(gè)愛(ài)丟東西的習(xí)慣，在去年夏天，作者又丟失了爸爸新給他買的手表，不過(guò)最

后失而復(fù)得，但從這次經(jīng)歷中作者也懂得了：要保管好自己的東西，不再說(shuō)謊。

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Youneedtohaveawatch,sotakegoodcareofthisone”可知，因?yàn)門om需要手表，所以

爸爸給他買了一塊新的，故選A。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"Isearchedallafternoon,butIcouldnotfindit.”可知，他花費(fèi)了整整一個(gè)下午都在找手

表，故選C。

3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Iwassweating（出汗）withgreatfear.”可知，他說(shuō)了“不”之后，他很害怕很擔(dān)心，故選

Bo

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)"Isaid.Iwassweating（出汗）withgreatfear.IknewIwasgoingtobecaughtinaterriblelie

（謊言）.”可知，Tom這次撒謊了，自己認(rèn)為是可怕的謊言，且自己感覺(jué)到巨大的恐懼，說(shuō)明他平時(shí)不撒謊，

故選C。

5.詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)"Iwalkedbacktothetable,satdownandsaidinalowvoice,TmsorryIdidn'ttellthetruth/

Myfamilysmiled.TheyknewthatIhadfinallylearnedmylesson.”可知，家人知道Tom吸取了教訓(xùn)，所以單詞

“l(fā)esson”指的是“我們要好好照看我們的東西”，故選Ao

B

（2022?內(nèi)蒙古呼和浩特?中考真題）

Inthecave,Isawgoldcoinsinacomer.TheywereFlint5streasure!Wehadesofartofindthis.Alreadyithad

costthelivesofseventeenmenfromtheHispaniola.Andhowmanyothers?Howmanyshipshadgonetothe

bottomofthesea?Howmanybravemenhadbeenkilledforthis?Perhapsnomanalivecouldtell.

Nextmorning,wemovedallthegoldtothebeach.ThenwetookitbyboattotheHispaniola.Itwasabigjob

forsosmallanumberofmen.

Thenatlast,onesunnymorning,wesailedoutofNorthInletandtowardsthenearestport（港口）inSpanish

America.Beforeafternoon,TreasureIslandhaddisappearedfromview,andIhadneverfelthappiertoleaveaplace

behind.

Thesunwasgoingdownwhenwesailedintotheport,andthedoctorandMrTrelawneytookmetothebeach.

Whenwecameback,BenGunnwaswaitingfbrus.

“Silverhasgone,^^hetoldus,“butnotemptyhanded.He'stakenoneofthebagsofcoinsperhapsworththree

orfourhundredguineas.”

Ithinkwewereallpleasedtolosethebadmanatsosmallaprice.

Wefoundsomesailorsfortheshipattheport,andthenhadagoodjourneyhome.Onlyfiveofthemenwho

hadsailedfromBristolwiththeHispaniolareturnedwithher.Wealltookalargepieceofthetreasure.Someusedit

wisely,butsomedidnot.

CaptainSmollettnolongergoestosea.Graysavedhismoneyandnowisahalfownerandcaptainofafine

ship.BenGunngotathousandpoundswhichhespentorlostinthreeweeks,thenhecamebeggingandwasgivena

jobasagatekeeper.

OfSilverwehaveheardnomore.Thatscaryseamanwithoneleghasgoneoutofmylife.Iwillneverreturn

toTreasureIsland,butinmyworstdreamsIstillhearthesharp,highcriesofCaptainFlinttheparrot,"Piecesof

eight!Piecesofeight!"

一AdaptedfromTreasureIsland

6.WhatdoyouknowfromParagraph1?

A.Seventeenpeoplelefttheislandontheship.

B.Thereweresomanygoldcoinsintheships.

C.Manypeoplelosttheirlivesforthetreasure.

D.Onlythewriterfoundgoldcoinsinthecave.

7.Whichistherightorderofthestory?

a.Wesailedintotheport.

b.WesailedoutofNorthInlet.

c.Wemovedallthegoldtothebeach.

d.wetookitbyboattotheHispaniola.

A.cbdaB.cdbaC.badcD.bdac

8.WhichwastrueaboutSilver?

A.Heleftwithabagofgold.B.Hetookthewritertothebeach.

C.Heleftwithemptyhands.D.Hewenthomewiththewriter.

9.Theunderlinedword"her"refersto.

A.TreasureIslandB.NorthInlet

C.BristolD.theHispaniola

10.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?

A.Astoryaboutlivingonanisland.

B.Astoryabouttakingarelaxingtrip.

C.Astoryaboutlookingfortreasure.

D.Astoryaboutfindingdifferentjobs.

【答案】6.C7.B8.A9.D10.C

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文改編自一部長(zhǎng)篇小說(shuō)《金銀島》，講述了一個(gè)關(guān)于尋找寶藏的故事。

6.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"AlreadyithadcostthelivesofseventeenmenfromtheHispaniola.Andhowmanyothers?

Howmanyshipshadgonetothebottomofthesea?Howmanybravemenhadbeenkilledforthis?Perhapsnoman

alivecouldtell.”可知，許多人為了財(cái)富而喪命。故選C。

7.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)"Nextmorning,wemovedallthegoldtothebeach.","Thenwetookitbyboattothe

Hispaniola."和"Thenatlast,onesunnymorning,wesailedoutofNorthInletandtowardsthenearestport（港口）in

SpanishAmerica.”可知，cdba為正確的順序。故選Bo

8.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“'Silverhasgone/hetoldus,'butnotemptyhanded.He'stakenoneofthebagsofcoins

perhapsworththreeorfourhundredguineas.'"可知，Silver帶著一袋金子走了。故選A。

9.詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)"OnlyfiveofthemenwhohadsailedfromBristolwiththeHispaniolareturnedwithher.”

可知，在隨伊斯帕尼奧拉從布里斯托爾啟航的船員中，只有五人隨她返回。her指代的是“theHispaniola”。

故選D。

10.主旨大意題。本文改編自一部長(zhǎng)篇小說(shuō)《金銀島》，講述了一個(gè)關(guān)于尋找寶藏的故事。C選項(xiàng)”一個(gè)關(guān)于

尋找寶藏的故事”符合。故選C。

^模擬檢測(cè),

C

（2022?山東荷澤?三模）

LuisMoralesis18yearsoldandesfromatinyvillageinColombia.UntilaboutsevenyearsagooneofLuis's

favoriteswastogointothethickforestaroundhishometohunt（獵殺）wildanimals,especiallybirds.Now,

however,heandagroupofotherlocalyouthsworkwithaninternationalorganizationcalledWildlifeWorld,to

studyandprotectthebirdsandtheirenvironment.

WildlifeWorldhassetupseveralofthesegroupsacrossthearea."'Informationwegetfromthechildrenhelps

uslearnhowthebirdsandotheranimalsusetheforest,whattheyeatandhowbestwecanprotectthem.The

projecthasworkedverywellandwehopetosetupmoregroupsinthefuture,saysarealeaderFelipeRamos.

Luisistheoldestandmostexperiencedmemberofhisgroup.""BeforeIjoined,Iplannedtobeadoctorand

leavethevillageassoonasIwasoldenough,“Luissays.44ButnowIwanttogotouniversity,beeascientistand

returnheretosavethesebirdsandtheirenvironment.Beingpartofthegrouphashadahugeeffect（影響）onme.”

Luisalsospendstimewiththeyoungerchildreninthevillage.<6Thereisnotmuchtodohereafterschool,9,he

says,46soItrytoaskthemtojoininouractivities.Aswellasbirdwatchingandnaturestudies,wealsododrama

andart.Thedramahasbeensuccessfulandwenowhaveatheatergroupof30children.Wetourinthearea,

performingdifferentplays.”

11.Sevenyearsago,whatwasLuis'sattitudetowardsbirdsintheforest?

A.Heknewtheywereindanger.

B.Hethoughtitwasfuntohuntthem.

C.Hewasnotinterestedinthematall.

12.WhatdothechildrendoforWildlifeWorld?

A.Theyusetheforestwell.

B.Theyhelplookafterwildlife.

C.Theyprovidevaluableinformation.

13.ToknowwhatLuisdoeswiththeyoungerchildreninhisvillage,wecanread.

A.Paragraph2B.Paragraph3C.Paragraph4

14.Thewriterwrotethepassagemainlyto.

A.explainwhyenvironmentalprotectionisimportant

B.showhowWildlifeWorldhaschangedaboy

C.suggestwaystohelptheenvironment

【答案】11.B12.C13.C14.B

【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要講述了保護(hù)環(huán)境的組織“野生動(dòng)物世界”的相關(guān)內(nèi)容及Luis的相關(guān)事跡。

11.推理判斷題。根據(jù)"UntilaboutsevenyearsagooneofLuis'sfavoriteswastogointothethickforestaroundhis

hometohunt（獵殺）wildanimals,especiallybirds.（大約七年前，Luis最喜歡的一件事就是到他家周圍的

茂密森林里去獵殺野生動(dòng)物，尤其是鳥類。）可推斷出七年前Luis覺(jué)得獵殺森林中的鳥類很有趣。故選B。

12.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Informationwegetfromthechildrenhelpsuslearnhowthebirdsandotheranimalsusethe

forest,whattheyeatandhowbestwecanprotectthem.^^（我們從孩子們那里獲得的信息幫助我們了解鳥類和其

他動(dòng)物如何利用森林，它們吃什么，以及我們?nèi)绾巫詈玫乇Ｗo(hù)它們。）可知孩子們?yōu)橐吧鷦?dòng)物世界提供了有

價(jià)值的信息。故選C。

13.段落大意題。根據(jù)""Thereisnotmuchtodohereafterschool,5hesays,"soItrytoaskthemtojoininour

activities.Aswellasbirdwatchingandnaturestudies,wealsododramaandart"（"放學(xué)后這里沒(méi)什么可做的，”

他說(shuō)，"所以我試著請(qǐng)他們參加我們的活動(dòng)。除了觀鳥和自然研究，我們還做戲劇和藝術(shù)?！保┛芍谒亩沃?/p>

要講述了Luis對(duì)村里年幼的孩子做了什么。故選Co

14.推理判斷題。根據(jù)"UntilaboutsevenyearsagooneofLuis5sfavoriteswastogointothethickforestaroundhis

hometohunt（獵殺）wildanimals,especiallybirds.Now,however,heandagroupofotherlocalyouthsworkwith

aninternationalorganizationcalledWildlifeWorld,tostudyandprotectthebirdsandtheirenvironment”（大約七

年前，Luis最喜歡的一件事就是到他家周圍的茂密森林里去獵殺野生動(dòng)物，尤其是鳥類。然而，現(xiàn)在，他

和一群其他當(dāng)?shù)啬贻p人與一個(gè)名為“野生動(dòng)物世界”的國(guó)際組織合作，研究和保護(hù)鳥類及其環(huán)境。）可知作者

寫這篇文章主要是為了展示“野生動(dòng)物世界”是如何改變一個(gè)男孩的。故選Bo

D

（2022?山東?青島市嶗山區(qū)育才學(xué)校二模）

DuringtheTangDynasty,EmperorTaizongaskedtheprimeministerFengDeyitolookfortalentedpeople.

However,severalmonthspassed,Fengdidn'tfindanyone.

“Itriedmybest,buttherearenotunusualandwellroundedpeopleatall,^^Fengsaid.

“Peoplearelikeutensils（器物）.Whatweneedtodoistomakegooduseoftheirstrengths.Youshouldblame

（責(zé)怪）yourselffornotnoticingtalentedpeople.Howcouldyousaythattherearenotalentedpeopleinour

country?^^saidtheemperor.

Itisreallytruethateachutensilortoolhasaspecificuse.Aknifeismadetocutthingswhilechopsticksare

madetopickupfood.Wecan'tuseaknifeaschopsticks.Likeautensil,eachpersonhasaspecialstrength.Nobody

isperfect.Wecan'texpectapersontobegoodateverything.

Withthisideainmind,EmperorTaizongdiscoveredmanytalentedpeopleofdifferentbackgrounds.He

offeredthemimportantpositions,whichhelpedthemmakethemostoftheirtalents.AgoodexampleisMaZhou,

whogrewupinapoorfamily.Magavealotofusefuladvice,soEmperorTaizongofferedhimapositionand

promoted（晉升）himmanytimes.Mahelpedtheemperordealwithdifficultproblemsandbecameafamousperson

inhistory.Duringthatperiod,theimportantofficialsaroundEmperorTaizong,suchasFangXuanling,WeiZheng,

LiJing,allwerethebrightestandthebestofthetimewiththeirownstrongpoints.

EmperorTaizong'stalentedpeoplehelpedthesocietydevelopandcreateda"goldenage”.

15.Whycouldn'tFengDeyifindanytalentedpeopleinTaizong'sopinion?

A.Hisstandardswerewrong.

B.Therewerenotalentedpeoplethen.

C.Hewasafraidofbeingreplaced.

D.Hewasn'tsatisfiedwiththeemperor.

16.Knivesandchopsticksareparedto.

A.positionsB.backgroundsC.toolsD.people

17.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains“makethemostof5inParagraph5?

A.