2025屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)專題講義全程跟蹤專題三代詞

專題三代詞命題規(guī)律：2024年新高考I卷及近五年課標(biāo)卷在語(yǔ)篇型填空中對(duì)代詞的考察集中在人稱代詞、it的用法、物主代詞、反身代詞上，此外，對(duì)不定代詞的考察將成為高考難點(diǎn)。命題趨勢(shì)：對(duì)代詞的考察仍會(huì)成為高考語(yǔ)篇型填空的重點(diǎn)?！镏攸c(diǎn)▲易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)一、人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞★1.基本用法類別人稱代詞物主代詞反身代詞主格賓格形容詞性名詞性功能主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)第一人稱單數(shù)Imemyminemyself復(fù)數(shù)weusouroursourselves其次人稱單數(shù)youyouryoursyourself復(fù)數(shù)yourselves第三人稱單數(shù)hehimhishimselfsheherherhersherselfitititsitself復(fù)數(shù)thetthemtheirtheirsthemselves例題：1.Peoplepickupthebikesandthenrideanddrop(they)offanywheretheylike,lockingthebackwheel,withnoneedtofindafixedplace.2.TheChinesehaveknownaboutthebenefitsofgreenteasinceancienttimes,andtheyusetotreateverythingfromheadachestodepression.3.WhenyoucometoZhangjiajie,youcanfullyappreciate(it)magnificentnaturalsceneryandexperienceappealingfolkcustomsaswellasotherthrillingtouristactivities.4.Beforegettingontheplane,train,orbus,learnfromthesemistakestoavoidthecrowdsandmakethemostof(you)holiday.答案：themititsyour★2.反身代詞的搭配saytooneself心里想dressoneself自己穿衣seatoneself坐下enjoyoneself玩得快樂teachoneself自學(xué)helponeselfto隨意吃；隨意用behaveoneself有禮貌；守規(guī)則ofoneself自動(dòng)地inoneself本質(zhì)上，本身byoneself獨(dú)自，單獨(dú)foroneself替自己，為自己tooneself獨(dú)自擁有的besideoneself（因心情）失去自制力，失常adaptoneselfto適應(yīng)applyoneselfto用心致志于devoteoneselfto致力于，獻(xiàn)身于，用心于makeoneselfathome舒適自由，無(wú)拘束treatoneselfto款待，款待，買（可享受的東西）例題：1.Idon'twantanyhelp.1wanttodoitby(my).2.Hedevoted(him)todoinghisresearch.3.Thegirlworkedouttheproblemby(her).4.Thedooropened(it).5.Wekeptthesecretto(our).答案：myselfhimselfherselfitselfourselves二、it的用法1、it的指代用法（1）指代上文提到的某樣?xùn)|西Eg:Whereismydictionary?Ileftitrightonthedesk.我的字典在哪里？我就把它放在書桌上了。（2）用以代替指示代詞this,thatEg:——What’sthis?——這是什么？——It’saflag.——它是一面旗。（3）指代不知性別的嬰兒（baby）或身份不明確的人（由于某種緣由而不知道對(duì)方是誰(shuí)）Eg:Thebabycriedbecauseitwashungry.這個(gè)嬰兒因饑餓而啼哭?！猈hoisknockingatthedoor?—Itmightbethepostman?！l(shuí)在敲門？——可能是郵遞員。（4）指代時(shí)間、距離、天氣、氣候、環(huán)境或溫度。Eg:Itisnineo’clocksharpnow.現(xiàn)在是九點(diǎn)整。Itisraininghardoutside.外面雨下的正大。Itisalongwaytothefactory.到工廠有很長(zhǎng)一段路。It’sverynoisyintheroom.屋里噪音很大?！铮?）it常用來代替不定式、動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)或名詞性從句作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)，而將真正的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)后置。Eg:It'snoteasytolearnaforeignlanguage.學(xué)習(xí)一門外語(yǔ)不簡(jiǎn)單。（代替不定式短語(yǔ)形式主語(yǔ)）Ihavemadeitclearthatnobodyisallowedtosmokehere.我已經(jīng)講得很清晰了，任何人都不準(zhǔn)在這兒吸煙。（代替名詞性從句作形式賓語(yǔ)）★2.It作形式主語(yǔ)、形式賓語(yǔ)常用句型（1）it作形式主語(yǔ)Itisapity/shamethat...真惋惜……Itisnowonderthat...……不足為奇，并不驚奇Itseems/appearsthat...似乎/看來……Itlooks/seemsasif/asthat...看起來/似乎/似乎……Ithappensthat...碰巧……Itoccursto/comesto/strikes/hitssb.that...某人突然想起……Itissaid/reportedthat…據(jù)說/據(jù)報(bào)道.....Itiscertainthat…確定.....Itiswell-knownthat...眾所周知.....Itisnouse/nogooddoingsth.做某事沒用/沒好處Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.做某事花某人多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間（2）it作形式賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep...+it+adj./n.+for/of+sb.todosth./that從句主語(yǔ)+think/believe/suppose/consider/feel/make/keep...+it+adj./nouse/nogooddoing…doingsth.3.與it相關(guān)的常用短語(yǔ)和句型（1）Itakeitthatyoudon'tagreewithme.我想你不同意我的看法。（2）IhateitwhenIhavetospeakinFrenchonthephone.當(dāng)我非得用法語(yǔ)打電話時(shí)，我感到厭煩。（3）Ilikeitwhenshesingsasongtome.我喜愛她為我唱歌。（4）Ican'thelpitifheisalwayslate.假如他總是遲到，我也沒方法。（5）1wouldappreciateitifyoucouldhelpme.假如你能幫助我，我將不勝感謝。（6）Pleaseseetoitthat（makesurethat）youbringenoughmoneywhenyougoout.出門時(shí)，請(qǐng)確保帶足了錢。（7）Youcandependuponitthatheisverysmart.你就信任吧，他特別聰慧。（8）Assomeoneputsit，practicemakesperfect.正如某人所說，熟能生巧。（9）Whenitcomestodrive，she'sgotmorethananyofus.講干勁，她比誰(shuí)都足。（10）Itis（high）timethatwehad/shouldhavelunch.該吃午飯了。（11）Itisthefirst/second...timeIhavevisitedtheplace.這是我第一/二……次參觀這個(gè)地方。（12）Itis/hasbeen3yearssincehejoinedthearmy.他參軍3年了。（13）Itwas3yearsbeforehecamebackhome.3年了他才回家。（14）ItisIwho/thatamright.我是對(duì)的。例題：用it作形式主語(yǔ)或形式賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)全下列句子1.我認(rèn)為我們開這個(gè)會(huì)是必要的。Ithinkthatwehavethemeeting.2.眾所周知，在世界上中國(guó)人口最多。.Chinahasthelargestpopulationintheworld.3.據(jù)說他們都去看電影了。allofthemhavegonetothecinema.答案：it(is)necessaryItiswell-knownthatItissaidthat▲三、不定代詞的區(qū)分1.both,all,either,any,neither,none的區(qū)分指代詞義都任何一個(gè)都不兩個(gè)人或物botheitherneither三個(gè)或三個(gè)以上的人或物allanynoneEg:I'veboughttwobooks；youcanhaveeither.我買了兩本書，你要哪本都行。Anychildwhobreakstheruleswillbepunished.凡違反規(guī)定的孩子都要受罰。Noneofthesepensworks/work.這些鋼筆沒有一支能用。例題：1.Hehadlosthistemperandhishealthinthewarandneverfoundofthemagain.2.Theresearchgroupproducedtworeportsbasedonthesurvey,butcontainedanyusefulsuggestions.答案：eitherneither2.another,theother,others,theothers的區(qū)分代詞用法例句another指三者或三者以上Idon'tlikethisroom.I'mgoingtoaskforanother.我不喜愛這個(gè)房間。我準(zhǔn)備另要一間。theother特指兩者中的另一個(gè)，常用在“one…,theother…”結(jié)構(gòu)中Ifyoumatchthatgloveagainstthisone，youwillfindthatoneisslightlylighterthantheother.假如你把那只手套和這只手套進(jìn)行比較，你會(huì)發(fā)覺一只比另一只的顏色略微淡一點(diǎn)。others泛指別的人或物，常用在“some…,others…”結(jié)構(gòu)中Somestudentsarecleaningtheclassroom；othersareplayingontheplayground.一些學(xué)生在打掃教室，另外一些學(xué)生在操場(chǎng)上玩。theothers特指其余的全部的人或物She'snotlesscapablethantheothersintheclass.她的實(shí)力并不比班里其他人弱。留意：（1）theother通常還可作定語(yǔ)修飾可數(shù)名詞，修飾可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，表示“其余全部的”。Eg:：Alltheotherstudentsarehere；onlyheisabsenttoday.其他學(xué)生都在這里，今日只有他缺席了。（2）another后還可跟“基數(shù)詞/few+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)”表示“另外幾個(gè)……”another+基數(shù)詞+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)=基數(shù)詞+more+可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)。Eg：IhavebeenherefortwoweeksandIwillstayhereforanotherthreeweeks（=threemoreweeks）.我在這里已經(jīng)待了兩周了，我還要在這兒再待三周。（3）other作定語(yǔ)，常與可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)連用；前面若有the，some，any，each，every，no以及形容詞性物主代詞時(shí)，也可與可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)或不行數(shù)名詞連用。如：Idon'tlikethiscolour.Haveyougotanyothercolour？我不喜愛這種顏色，你還有其他顏色嗎？例題：1.Somepeoplelikemusic.arefondofsports.2.Twohundredyuanisnotenough.Istillneedfiftyyuantocovermylivingexpense.3.ManypeoplearevisitingtheBird'sNest.Somearetalking；aretakingphotos.4.Thereareforty-fivestudentsinmyclass.Twentyarefromthecountry,andthearefromthetown.5.Wehavethreesetsofgardentools.Oneofthemisold.Thetwoarenew.答案：Othersanotherothersothersother3.nobody/noone,nothing,none的區(qū)分代詞指代用來回答相當(dāng)于是否加of短語(yǔ)nobody/noone人whonotanybodynotanyone否nothing物whatnotanything否none人或物howmanyhowmuchnota/an/any+名詞或no+名詞是Eg:1.Aswewereasleep,noneofusheardthesound.由于我們都睡著了，所以我們當(dāng)中沒人聽到那個(gè)聲音。2.IwishIcouldofferyousomecakebutthere'snoneleft.我真想能請(qǐng)你吃些蛋糕，但一點(diǎn)兒也沒剩下。例題：1.Therearemanypeoplesurroundingtheinjured,butofthemarewillingtogiveahand.2.Iwanttodrinksometeabutthere'sleftintheteapot.3.—Howmuchwaterdidyoudrink?—(no).4.Ihavethreesons.ofthemisadoctor.5.—Howmanyapplesdidyoubuy?—.Thepricesaretoohigh.答案：nonenoneNoneNoneNone4.many,much,few,little,afew,alittle的區(qū)分多少?gòu)?fù)數(shù)名詞概念manyfew不行數(shù)名詞概念muchlittle確定否定復(fù)數(shù)名詞概念afewfew不行數(shù)名詞概念alittlelittle留意：1.onlyafew=few;onlyalittle=little;quiteafew=many;quitealittle=much2.many，much，（a）few，（a）little作代詞后加of短語(yǔ)時(shí)，of后的名詞或代詞必需是特定的。Eg:今日這些人中有許多缺席了。Manyofpeopleareabsenttoday.（×）Manyofthepeopleareabsenttoday.（√）3.alittle與abit都可指代或修飾不行數(shù)名詞，也可作狀語(yǔ)。alittle干脆修飾不行數(shù)名詞,而abit后需加of；作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，都表示程度，意義相同，但是notalittle意為“很”，而notabit意為“一點(diǎn)也不”。Eg:There'sonlyabitof/alittleroomleftforthepiano.屋子里僅有一點(diǎn)地方放這架鋼琴。Heisalittle/abitangry.他有點(diǎn)生氣。Heisnotabitangry.他一點(diǎn)也不生氣。Heisnotalittleangry.他特別生氣。例題：1.Thereareeggsathome.Couldyougoandbuysome?2.Theproblemissocomplexthatonlyaofuscanfigureitout.3.I'msobusythatIhavetimetorelax.4.HecanspeakJapanesebutnotmuch.5.Tommademistakesintheexamandgoteightymarks.答案：fewfewlittlealittle/abitofafew5.one,ones,theone,theones,those(指示代詞)，that(指示代詞)的區(qū)分（1）onevsonesone可用a/an+單數(shù)名詞替代。Eg:Wehavevarioussummercampsforyourholiday.Youcanchooseone（=asummercamp）basedonyourowninterest.我們?yōu)槟募倨诠?yīng)了各種各樣的夏令營(yíng)，您可以依據(jù)自己的愛好選擇一種。ones可用零冠詞+復(fù)數(shù)名詞替代Eg:Mr.Zhanggavememanyvaluablepresents，ones（=presents）thatIhadneverseen.張先生給了我許多珍貴的禮物，這些（禮物）是我從來沒見過的。（2）theonevstheonestheone可用the+單數(shù)名詞替代Eg:Thebookonthedeskisbetterthantheone/that(=thebook)underthedesk.桌子上的那本書比桌下的那本書好。theones可用the+復(fù)數(shù)名詞替代Eg:Thebooksonthedeskarebetterthantheones/those（=thebooks）underthedesk.桌子上的那些書比桌子下的那些書好。（3）thosevsthatthose可用the+復(fù)數(shù)名詞（尤其是有后置定語(yǔ)時(shí)）Eg:Thebooksonthedeskarebetterthantheones/those（=thebooks）underthedesk.桌子上的那些書比桌子下的那些書好。that可用the+單數(shù)名詞/不行數(shù)名詞（尤其是有后置定語(yǔ)時(shí)）Eg:Littlejoycanequalthat（=thejoy）ofasurprisingendingwhenyoureadstories.幾乎沒有什么樂趣能比得上在閱讀故事時(shí)讀到一個(gè)出乎意料的結(jié)局時(shí)的樂趣。例題：1.I'mmovingtothecountrysidebecausetheairthereismufresherthaninthecity.2.Helpingothersisahabit,___youcanlearnevenatanearlyage.答案：1.that;2.one6.含復(fù)合不定代詞的習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)。Heisnothingbutaclerk.他只是一名職員。Heisanythingbutaclerk.他根本不是一名職員。Sheissomethingofadoctor.Shehassavedmanylives.她算得上是一位醫(yī)生。她救了許多人的命。Heisascientistorsomething.他是科學(xué)家之類的人物。Yourhouseissomethinglikeours.你們的房子有點(diǎn)像我們的。Theygetsomethinglike97%renewalseveryyear.他們每年差不多有97%的用戶續(xù)訂。例題：用anything,nothing填空1.She'salwaystryingtogetsomethingfor.