北京市石景山區(qū)2022-2023學年高三上學期期末英語試卷 附解析

石景山區(qū)2022—2023學年第一學期高三期末試卷英語本試卷共10頁，共100分?？荚嚂r長90分鐘。考生務必在答題卡指定區(qū)域作答，在試卷上作答無效?？荚嚱Y束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分：知識運用(共兩節(jié)，30分)第一節(jié)完形填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Asabiologistandphotographer,Ialwaystakemycameraeverywheretotakepicturesofwildanimals.Oneday,Iwasstandingonaboatwhenaverylargefemaleleopardseal(海豹)swamby.Iputonmydivingequipmentandgrabbedmy____1____.Iwasfrightenedbecauseshewassobig.Mymouthwasdry,andIcouldn’teven____2____.ButIknewitwastimeto____3____thismysteriouscreature.Ijumpedintothefreezingwater.Immediately,thesealswamtowardsme.Thensheputmyentirecameraandmuchofmyheadintohermouth.Thinkingthismustbeasignof____4____,Idecidedtostayverycalm.Althoughthesealwasshowingmeherteeth,Itriednotto____5____anyfear.Shediditafewmoretimes,andthenswamaway.Tomy____6____,shecamebackwithalivepenguin.Andsheevenshowedmehowtoeatit.Thenshepushedthepenguinintomycamera—shethoughtthecamerawasmymouth!Beingabiologist,Iunderstoodthatshewastryingto____7____me.ButIthoughtthatshewasreallytryingtocommunicatewithme.Atthispoint,shedidn’tseemvery____8____.Shestayedbymeandtookcareofmeforfourdays.Igotmanyamazingpicturesduringthosefourdays.And,moreimportantly,I’velearnedthatanimalsdonotalwaysbehavethewaywe____9____.Ibelievethe_____10_____experienceIhadwiththispowerfulandintelligentanimalwillstaywithmeforever.1.A.knife B.bag C.camera D.gun2.A.escape B.make C.move D.fight3.A.approach B.adopt C.imagine D.rescue4.A.respect B.sympathy C.reward D.threat5A.confirm B.expose C.overcome D.reduce6.A.satisfaction B.regret C.surprise D.sorrow7.A.feed B.comfort C.attack D.assess8.A.reliable B.dangerous C.sensitive D.ambitious9.A.admire B.promise C.demand D.expect10.A.confusing B.similar C.incredible D.bitter【答案】1.C2.C3.A4.D5.B6.C7.A8.B9.D10.C【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。講述了作者拍攝海豹的經(jīng)歷及感悟。【1題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我穿上了潛水設備，拿起了照相機。A.knife刀；B.bag包；C.camera照相機；D.gun槍。根據(jù)后文的“Thensheputmyentirecameraandmuchofmyheadintohermouth.”可知，海豹把我的頭和相機放在了他的嘴里，所以我是帶著相機潛水的。故選C項。【2題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我的嘴唇發(fā)干，甚至都無法動彈的了。A.escape逃跑；B.make制作；C.move移動；D.fight斗爭。根據(jù)前文的“Iwasfrightened”可知，我看見海豹后十分害怕，一動不動地待在那里。故選C項?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：但是我知道，這是接近這個神秘生物的好時候。。A.approach接近；B.adopt采??；C.imagine想象；D.rescue營救。根據(jù)后文的“Ijumpedintothefreezingwater.”可知，我決定跳入水里，近距離觀察海豹，所以此處是接近這個海豹。故選A項。【4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我認為這一定是威脅的信號，所以決定保持冷靜。A.respect尊重；B.sympathy同情；C.reward回報；D.threat威脅；恐嚇。根據(jù)前文的“Thensheputmyentirecameraandmuchofmyheadintohermouth.”可知，海豹看到人類后，采取了威脅恐嚇人類的做法。故選D項?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：盡管海豹向我展示它的牙齒，但我盡力不顯露出任何害怕。A.confirm確認；B.expose暴露；C.overcome克服；D.reduce減少。根據(jù)前文的“Idecidedtostayverycalm.”可知，盡管海豹在威脅我，但我還是盡力保持冷靜，不露出害怕的神情。故選B項。【6題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：使我驚訝的是，它叼著一只活著的企鵝又回來了。A.satisfaction滿足；B.regret后悔；C.surprise驚訝；D.sorrow悲傷。根據(jù)后文的“shecamebackwithalivepenguin.”可知，我沒有想到海豹會去而復返，還帶著一只企鵝，所以當它叼著一只活著的企鵝又回來了，我很驚訝。故選C項?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：作為一名生物學家，我理解海豹嘗試用企鵝喂我吃。A.feed喂養(yǎng)；B.comfort安慰；C.attack攻擊；D.assess評估。根據(jù)前文的“Thenshepushedthepenguinintomycamera—shethoughtthecamerawasmymouth!”可知，海豹把照相機當成了我的嘴，把企鵝推到了我的“嘴邊”，說明海豹是在喂養(yǎng)我，想讓我吃了企鵝。故選A項?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：在那一刻，它看上去似乎不那么危險了。A.reliable可靠的；B.dangerous危險的；C.sensitive多愁善感的；D.ambitious野心勃勃的。根據(jù)后文“Shestayedbymeandtookcareofmeforfourdays.”可知，從那一刻開始，海豹開始信任我，我也不再害怕它了。故選B項?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：更重要的是，我得知動物的行為并不總是我們預期的那樣。A.admire欽佩；B.promise承諾；C.demand要求；D.expect預期，期待；認為。根據(jù)前文“Thensheputmyentirecameraandmuchofmyheadintohermouth.”及“Thenshepushedthepenguinintomycamera—shethoughtthecamerawasmymouth!”可知，海豹的行為前后發(fā)生了很大的變化，一開始威脅我，后來信任了我，給我分享食物吃。說明海豹并不是像人們認為的那樣可怕危險。故選D項?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我相信與這只強大聰慧的動物在一起的不可思議的體驗將伴隨我終生。A.confusing令人困惑的；B.similar相似的；C.incredible難以置信的；驚人的；不可思議的；D.bitter痛苦的。根據(jù)前文“Shestayedbymeandtookcareofmeforfourdays.”及“Igotmanyamazingpicturesduringthosefourdays.”可知，我與海豹在一起的經(jīng)歷是非常美妙的，不可思議的。故選C項。第二節(jié)語法填空(共10小題;每小題1.5分，共15分)A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。WhenIwas14,myfatherandItookabiketriptoexploretheSidelingHillTunnel(隧道).Afterwe____11____(enter)thedarktunnel,Ishonemyflashlightaroundandsawwallscoveredingraffiti(涂鴉).____12____Iwasfrightened,withmyfather’sconstantencouragement,Imanagedtorideoutintothatbrightafternoonatlast.Thistripalwaysremindsmeofmyfather,____13____givesmethecouragetokeepridingthroughlife’sdarktunnels.【答案】11.entered12.Although##Though##While13.who【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者的一次和父親的探險經(jīng)歷，這次經(jīng)歷讓作者領會了要穿越生活的黑暗隧道。【11題詳解】考查時態(tài)。句意：我們進入黑暗的隧道后，我用手電筒照了照四周，看到墻上滿是涂鴉。逗號前在句中為時間狀語從句，空處作從句的謂語，結合主句中shone和saw可知，空處的時態(tài)為一般過去時，所以填entered，故填entered?！?2題詳解】考查讓步狀語從句。句意：盡管我很害怕，但是在父親的不斷鼓勵下，最后我終于在那個晴朗的下午騎車出了隧道。結合空后“Iwasfrightened,withmyfather’sconstantencouragement,Imanagedtorideout”可知，逗號前的內(nèi)容在句中為讓步狀語從句，所以此處填although/though/while，因處于句首，所以首字母大寫。故填Although/Though/While。【13題詳解】考查定語從句。句意：這次旅行總是讓我想起我的父親，他給我勇氣繼續(xù)穿越生活的黑暗隧道。分析可知，空處及之后的內(nèi)容為非限制性定語從句，先行詞為myfather，在從句中作主語，所以用關系代詞who，故填who。B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Bandung,oneofIndonesia’smajorcities,isonly150kilometersfromJakarta,thecapital,butthedriveisatanaverageofthreehoursevenwithafreeway____14____(connect)thetwocities.Fortunately,ahigh-speedrailway____15____(fund)byChinaisduetoopenin2023,andthehours-longtravel____16____(cut)to40minutes.ItispartofChina’sBeltandRoadInitiative,andforIndonesia,thebeginningofabrandnewnetworkoftransportationacrossthecountry.【答案】14.connecting15.funded16.willbecut【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。主要介紹了由中國修建的連接印尼雅加達和萬隆的高鐵，它是中國“一帶一路”倡議的一部分，對印度尼西亞來說，這是全國全新交通網(wǎng)絡的開端?！?4題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：萬隆是印尼的主要城市之一，距離首都雅加達只有150公里，但即使有高速公路連接兩個城市，車程也平均需要3個小時。分析句子的結構可知，設空處為“with+賓語+賓補”的復合結構，賓語afreeway和設空處之間為邏輯的主動關系，應用現(xiàn)在分詞的形式作賓語補足語，故填connecting。【15題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：幸運的是，一條由中國投資的高鐵將于2023年開通。設空處在句中作非謂語，和其邏輯主語ahigh-speedrailway之間是邏輯的被動關系。應用動詞的過去分詞的形式作后置定語。故填funded。【16題詳解】考查謂語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：長達數(shù)小時的行程將縮短至40分鐘。設空處在句中作謂語，和句子的主語之間是被動關系，根據(jù)時間狀語in2023，可知句子的時態(tài)為一般將來時，設空處為一般將來時的被動語態(tài)。故填willbecut。C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個適當?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。WhenKurtBenirschkestartedcollectingskin____17____(sample)fromrareandendangeredanimalsin1972,hedidn’thaveaclearplanon____18____couldbedonewiththem.HethensetupacollectionbankcalledtheFrozenZoo.Benirschkepassedawayin2018,____19____hiseffortsareverymuchalive.Today,theFrozenZooistheworld’s____20____(large)animalcryobank,withgeneticmaterialsfromover10,500animals.In2020,ababyhorseknownas“Kurt”wasborn,clonedusingcellsfromtheFrozenZoo.【答案】17.samples18.what19.but20.largest【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了庫爾特·貝尼爾施克的生平和貢獻?！?7題詳解】考查名詞復數(shù)。句意：當庫爾特·貝尼爾施克(KurtBenirschke)在1972年開始收集稀有和瀕危動物的皮膚樣本時，他并沒有一個關于如何處理這些皮膚樣本的明確計劃。空處在句中作賓語，所以用名詞。結合空后“rareandendangeredanimals”可知，此處指那些稀有和瀕危動物的皮膚樣本，所以為復數(shù)含義，故填samples?！?8題詳解】考查賓語從句連接詞。句意同上。分析可知，空處及之后的內(nèi)容作介詞on的賓語從句，空處作從句的主語，表示做什么，所以用連接代詞what。故填what?！?9題詳解】考查連詞。句意：貝尼爾施克于2018年去世，但他的成就仍然繼續(xù)存在。分析句子可知，空處前后內(nèi)容的關系為轉(zhuǎn)折關系，所以填連詞but，故填but?！?0題詳解】考查最高級。句意：今天，冷凍動物園是世界上最大的動物冷凍庫，擁有超過10,500種動物的基因材料。結合空前theworld’s可知，此處用最高級。故填largest。第二部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，38分)第一節(jié)(共14小題;每小題2分，共28分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ATailoryourexperience,andmastertheEnglishlanguageinourexcitingandcomprehensivelanguageprogrammes.Chooseyourpreferredcity,andyou’llstudywithandbefriendotherinternationalstudents.OurEnglishLearningProgrammes·LearnEnglishinUniversitiesCourseshavebeendevelopedinpartnershipwithfamousuniversitiesinAustraliatoimproveyourEnglishlanguageskills.Youwillgettoexperiencecampuslifeabroad.·SmallGroupEnglishProgrammeTheseintensiveEnglishclassesarehostedindifferentlanguageschoolsalongtheeastcoast.Talktoourprogrammeadviserstochoosethebestlocation.·One-on-OneTutoringOurprogrammeorganizestailoredlearningexperiencesbasedonyourEnglishlearninggoals.YouwillliveinlocalfamiliesandhavechancestopractiseyouroralEnglish.·HighSchoolStudyAbroadTherearefewthingsinlifewhichcanmakeyoufeelmoregrown-uplikelivingandlearninginanothercountry.Packthiswithmanyfunculturalactivities.AndyouwillalsohaveopportunitiestoexperiencesciencesubjectstaughtinEnglish,suchaslessonsaboutrocksandminerals,plantsandanimals,andengineeringpractices.FourstepstogetintoourEnglishlearningprogrammesStepOne:ReviewtheprogrammeinformationandcompleteouronlineapplicationformtogettheballrollingStepTwo:Youwillhavea15-mininterviewwithyourprogrammeadvisertodiscussyourinterests,needs,destinationandduration.Withinthreedaysaftertheinterview,theadviserwillbeintouchbyemailtoletyouknowifyourapplicationhasbeensuccessful.Ifso,we’llsendyouaformaloffer.StepThree:Toconfirmyourplaceinourprogrammeyou’llneedtoreplytoourletterofofferandmakepaymentonlineaccordingtotheinstruction.Oncethishasbeendone,we’llsendyouthedocumentscontainingalltheinformationyou’llneedregardingyourstudytrip.StepFour:Onceyourflightshavebeenbooked,letusknowyourarrivaldetailssothatwecanorganizeairportpick-up.We’llbeexcitedtowelcomeyoutoourprogrammeinperson!21.IfHenrywantstotryabiologyclasstaughtinEnglish,hemayjoinin________.A.LearnEnglishinUniversities B.SmallGroupEnglishProgrammeC.One-on-OneTutoring D.HighSchoolStudyAbroad22.Whatshouldapplicantsdoafterreceivingaformaloffer?A.Replytotheletterandpaythecostforthestudytrip.B.Getintouchwiththeorganizertoconfirmthedestination.C.Reviewprogrammeinformationtoprepareforaninterview.D.Providetheprogrammeadviserwithpersonalneedsandgoals.23.Whoaretheintendedreadersofthispassage?A.PeopleplanningtoimprovetheirEnglish.BPeoplewillingtoapplyforEnglishteachingjobs.C.Peopleaimingtohelplearnersgoabroad.D.PeoplelovingtoshareEnglishlearningexperiences.【答案】21.D22.A23.A【解析】【導語】本文是一篇應用文。文章介紹了四個英語學習項目及申請流程?！?1題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“HighSchoolStudyAbroad”項目中第三句“AndyouwillalsohaveopportunitiestoexperiencesciencesubjectstaughtinEnglish,suchaslessonsaboutrocksandminerals,plantsandanimals,andengineeringpractices.(你將有機會體驗用英語教授的科學課程，比如有關巖石和礦石，動植物和工程實踐的課程)”可知，如果亨利想嘗試英語授課的生物課，他可能會參加HighSchoolStudyAbroad。故選D項。【22題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“StepThree”的第一句“Toconfirmyourplaceinourprogramme,you’llneedtoreplytoourletterofofferandmakepaymentonlineaccordingtotheinstruction.(為了確認你在項目中要去的地方，你需要回復收到的通知書并根據(jù)說明完成在線付款)”可知，在收到正式錄取通知書后，申請人應回復函件并支付費用。故選A項?！?3題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Tailoryourexperience,andmastertheEnglishlanguageinourexcitingandcomprehensivelanguageprogrammes.(定制你的體驗，并且在令人興奮的全面的語言課程中掌握英語)”可推知，這篇文章的目標讀者是打算提高英語水平的人。故選A項。BInmyeyes,mymotheriscapableofdoinganything,especiallychoressuchasironingandcooking.However,teachingherhowtousetheInternetisasfrustratingasuntangling(解開)wires.Once,mymothercametometoaskforhelponhowtofindarecipeforall-beefLasagna.Igaveherverysimpleverbal(口頭的)instructions—gotothehomepageofaparticularsearchengineandtypein“recipeforall-beefLasagna.”Fifteenminuteslater,shecametome,tellingmethatshewasunabletofindtheInterneticon(圖標).Iwentovertothecomputerandpointedouttheicontoher.AnotherfifteenminuteswentbywhenIfeltataponmyshoulder.Thistime,mymothersaidthatshewasunabletosearchfortheparticularrecipe.Gritting(咬)myteeth,Iwalkedtoherroomagain.Isawthatshehadtyped“allbeefLasaga”instead.Withfrustratedstrokes,Ikeyedinthecorrectspelling.Yetanotherfifteenminuteswentbyagainwhenmymothergingerlytappedmyshoulder.Istormednextdoorwithoutbotheringtohidemyfrustration.Themainpageofthewebsitehadnotshiftedonebit.Ithenrealisedthatshedidnotknowhowtoscrolldownthepage.Whathadinitiallyseemedlikeaneasytaskwasturningouttobeanintenseone.Toavoidbeingdisturbedagain,Idecidedtofindtherecipeforher.Withoutaword,Irapidlydownloadedafewrecipes,printedthemoutandpassedthemtomymother.However,seeingherembarrassment,Ibegantoregretmyimpatienceduringthewholeprocess.Atthatmoment,memoriesflashedthroughmymind.WhenIwasyoung,mymotherenduredmyendlessquestions,enlighteningmewithmuchpatience.NowthatIamolder,therolesslowlyreverse.Asmymothermayincreasinglyneedmyhelp,shouldn’tIrethinkhowtorespondtoherneeds?24.Theauthor’smothercouldn’tfindtherecipeonlinemainlybecauseshewas________.A.unfamiliarwithcomputersandtheInternetB.givenunclearinstructionsbytheauthorC.toodependentonherfamilymembersD.impatientatsearchingfortherecipe25.Whydidtheauthorprinttherecipesforhismotheratlast?A.Becausehewaspleasedtohelphismotherout.B.Becausehedidn’twanthismothertobeembarrassed.C.Becausehewasfedupwithhismother’sinterruption.D.Becausehethoughthismotherfavoredtheprintedversion.26.Whatmessagedoestheauthorwanttoconvey?A.Itiswisetoteachothersbyexamples.B.Forgivingothersisequaltoblessingoneself.C.Patienceandperseverancewillbefinallyrewarded.D.Puttingyourselfinothers’shoesisthekeytounderstanding.【答案】24.A25.C26.D【解析】【導語】這是一篇記敘文。主要描述了母親因不熟悉電腦而屢次向我求助，而我對她卻越來越?jīng)]有耐心，最后我終于意識到了自己的問題所在。【24題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第三句“Fifteenminuteslater,shecametome,tellingmethatshewasunabletofindtheInterneticon(圖標).”（15分鐘之后，她來到我身邊，說她找不到電腦圖標。）及第三段第二句“Thistime,mymothersaidthatshewasunabletosearchfortheparticularrecipe.”（這次，母親說她查找不到具體的食譜。）可知，母親因為不會使用電腦，所以無法找到在線食譜。故選A項?！?5題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段第一句“Toavoidbeingdisturbedagain,Idecidedtofindtherecipeforher.”（為了避免被再次打擾，我決定幫她找到食譜。）可知，我為了不讓母親一直打擾我，所以親自給她找到了食譜并打印出來。故選C項。【26題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段第二句第三句“WhenIwasyoung,mymotherenduredmyendlessquestions,enlighteningmewithmuchpatience.NowthatIamolder,therolesslowlyreverse.”（當我小時候，母親容忍了我的許多問題，帶著極大的耐心啟蒙我?，F(xiàn)在我長大了，角色慢慢顛倒了。）可知，我開始反思自己對母親的態(tài)度，并站在母親的立場上考慮問題，說明了換位思考的重要性。故選D項。CThetechnologyforspeech-recognitionsystemshasadvancedgreatlysinceitsappearanceinthe1950s.Manyvoicesystemscanunderstandthelanguagewhenspokenatanormalconversationalrate.Buteventheadvancedhuman-machineinterfaces(人機交互)usedtodayareunabletotrickthelistenersintothinkingacomputerisahuman.Whyisthis?Simplyput,it’sbecausehumanbeingsrelyonmorethanwordstoconveyideasorinterpretmessages,suchastones,facialexpressions,bodymovements,andobjectsintheworldaroundthem.Onesignificantrecentachievementinthefieldoftalkingcomputersisvirtualpersonalassistants(VPAs)onmobilephones.IfyoutellamobilephoneVPAthatyouwanttoschedulealunchwithafriend,itcansettheappointmentinyourphoneinseconds.TheVPAcanalsoholdabasic“conversation”andhasearnedfameforitselementarysenseofhumour.Still,thehumourispreprogrammedandcanbetriggeredonlywhenhumanusersspeakcertainkeywords.Whilethepotentialfor“real”communicationbetweenahumanandamachinemayseemexciting,thispossibilityconcernssomepeople.Someexpertsworryaboutpeople’sattachmenttothesemachinesandfearthattheartofsuccessfulhuman-to-humanconversationwillbeundevelopedinyoungergenerations.Theyworrythatpeoplewon’tbeabletodisplaytherightemotionortoneinconversationsbecausetheyhaven’tbeenpractisingthoseskills.Othersfearthatmachineswilltakeoverfunctionsthatweretraditionallyperformedbyhumans,suchascustomerservice.Anotherconcernoftenassociatedwiththedevelopmentofnewtechnologyistheinvasionofprivacy(侵犯隱私)．Whenpeopleusecertainspeech-recognitionapplications,theyleavebehindanaudiotrackoftheirspeech.WhenyouaskaVPAfordirections,yourspeechissentandsavedtoaremoteserverforprocessing.Thisdigitaltrailmayleadtodatamining,orthecollectionoflargequantitiesofpersonaldata.Fornow,however,thecontinuingevolutionofspeech-recognitionsoftwareisworthexpecting.Leadingcompaniesinthefieldhopetomakehumancommunicationwithmachinesasseamlessaspossible,justlikecommunicatingwithanotherhuman.27.Accordingtothepassage,whatcanaVPAdo?A.Entertainuserswithoriginaljokes. B.Makepeopleregarditasahuman.C.Holdpreprogrammedconversations. D.Displaytherighttonesinconversations.28Whichsituationreflectstheconcernsmentionedinthepassage?A.OneVPAservicewaspricedhigherforprotectingusers’privacy.B.AnairlineborehighcostsforapplyingVPAstoitsonlineservice.C.Anappfailedtooffertherightdirectionwhengivenspokeninstructions.D.SometeenagersbecamemoresociallyawkwardduetotheaddictiontoVPAs.29.Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A.Toinformreadersofthedouble-edgedqualityofanewtechnology.B.Toinspirereaderstoexplorethefutureofanewtechnology.C.Topromotetheapplicationofanewtechnology.D.Tostresstheconvenienceofanewtechnology.30.Whatmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.TheworriesoverVPAs. B.Talkingtotechnology.C.Theworldoftechnology. D.Listeningto“arealperson.”【答案】27.C28.D29.A30.B【解析】【導語】本文是一篇說明文。本文介紹了語音識別技術不斷的發(fā)展，但是再高級的技術也無法實現(xiàn)“真人發(fā)聲”的效果，同時指出，語音識別技術可能會產(chǎn)生一些負面影響，比如侵犯個人隱私等，但是，就目前而言，語音識別軟件的不斷發(fā)展值得人們的期待?！?7題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“TheVPAcanalsoholdabasic“conversation”andhasearnedfameforitselementarysenseofhumour.Still,thehumourispreprogrammedandcanbetriggeredonlywhenhumanusersspeakcertainkeywords.(VPA還可以進行基本的“對話”，并因其基本的幽默感而聲名鵲起。盡管如此，幽默是預先編程的，只有在人類用戶說出某些關鍵詞時才能觸發(fā)。)”可知，盡管VPA可以進行基本的對話，甚至會在對話時有幽默感，但是這些幽默都是預先編程的，所以，VPA能夠完成預先編程好的對話。故選C項。【28題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Someexpertsworryaboutpeople’sattachmenttothesemachinesandfearthattheartofsuccessfulhuman-to-humanconversationwillbeundevelopedinyoungergenerations.(一些專家擔心人們對這些機器的依戀，并擔心成功的人與人對話的藝術在年輕一代中將得不到發(fā)展。)”可知，人們一旦對機器產(chǎn)生了依戀，那人與人對話的藝術在青年一代就可能得不到發(fā)展，分析選項可知，D項描述的現(xiàn)象與文中的擔心有關。故選D項?！?9題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Onesignificantrecentachievementinthefieldoftalkingcomputersisvirtualpersonalassistants(VPAs)onmobilephones.IfyoutellamobilephoneVPAthatyouwanttoschedulealunchwithafriend,itcansettheappointmentinyourphoneinseconds.(在會說話的計算機領域，最近取得的一項重大成就是手機上的虛擬個人助理（VPA）。如果您告訴手機VPA您想與朋友安排午餐，它可以在幾秒鐘內(nèi)在您的手機中設置約會。)”可知，語音識別系統(tǒng)的開發(fā)，給人們帶來了一些便利，再根據(jù)第三段中的“Whilethepotentialfor“real”communicationbetweenahumanandamachinemayseemexciting,thispossibilityconcernssomepeople.(雖然人與機器之間“真正”通信的潛力似乎令人興奮，但這種可能性會使一些人擔憂。)”以及下文中講述的一些由語音識別技術產(chǎn)生的擔憂問題可知，盡管人機交流的潛力令人興奮，但是這也會使得人們產(chǎn)生一些擔憂，由此可以判斷，該文目的是告知讀者技術的雙面特點。故選A項。【30題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)首段中的“Thetechnologyforspeech-recognitionsystemshasadvancedgreatlysinceitsappearanceinthe1950s.Manyvoicesystemscanunderstandthelanguagewhenspokenatanormalconversationalrate.(自1950年代出現(xiàn)以來，語音識別系統(tǒng)技術取得了長足的進步。許多語音系統(tǒng)在以正常的會話速率說話時可以理解該語言。)”以及下文中講述的語音識別系統(tǒng)的一些弊端，以及語音識別技術引發(fā)的一些問題，和最后一段中對語音識別系統(tǒng)開發(fā)的期待，可以判斷全文均是講解的語音識別系統(tǒng)的相關信息，所以“與技術對話”符合文章內(nèi)容。故選B項。DApersoncouldbeforgivenforbelieving20yearsagothattheInternetwouldsoonrevolutioniseacademicpublishing,becauseitbecamepossibleforpublisherstospreadscholarlyworkattheclickofabutton—muchcheaperthanthetraditionalsubscription-based(訂閱)model.Recognisingtheopportunity,manyscholarsandlibrariansbegantoadvocateanew,openaccessmodel,inwhicharticlesaremadefreelyavailableonlinetoanyone.Theresultwouldbeatrueonlinepubliclibraryofscience.However,morethantwodecadeslater,themovementhasmadeonlyslightprogress,andthetraditionalsubscription-basedmodelremainsentrenched.Fortunately,thingsarechanging.AbigshoedroppedwhentheUniversityofCalifornia(UC)Libraries,oneofthebiggestlibrarysystems,declinedtorenewitscontractwithElsevier,aleadingscientificpublisher.ElsevierwantedtheLibrariestopaytwofees:OneforitspackageoflicensedjournalsandtheotherfortheuseofElsevier’sopenaccessmodel.UCLibrarieswantedthelicensedjournalsfeetocovertheopenaccessfee;theyalsowantedopenaccesstoallUCresearchespublishedinElsevierjournals.Whenthetwosidescouldn’tcometoterms,theLibrarieswalkedaway.Actually,theopenaccessrevolutionismorelikelytobeledbyresearchfundingagencies,whocanusetheirpursepowertopromoteopenaccess.Ateamoffunders,CoalitionS,insistedthatanyresearchtheyfundshouldbepublishedinajournalthatmakesallofitsarticlesfreelyandimmediatelyavailabletothepublic,whichiscalledPlan-S.Nowthatsomelibrariansandfundersareflexingtheirmuscles,whatshouldacademicsdo?TheworstresponsewouldbetocomplainthatPlan-Sdeprives(剝奪)themofacademicfreedom.Somethoughtfulacademicsmightworrythatashifttoopenaccesswouldaffecttheirpromotion.Afterall,subscriptionjournalsaremorefamiliarandmoreprestigious(有威望的)inthecurrentsystem.However,ifenoughacademicssupportopenaccess,thesystemcouldreachatippingpointbeyondwhichsubscriptionsnolongersignalprestige.Reachingthatpointwouldtakeconsiderabletimeandefforts,butitispossible.Whenthejournalsystembeganin1665,itwaskindofaformofopenaccess.Journalsallowedacademicstolearnopenlyfromoneanother.Itwasonlyinthe1900sthatthejournalsystembecamethoroughlycommoditized(商品化).Nowisthetimetobringitbacktoitsroots.31.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordprobablymean?A.Uncertain. B.Rooted. C.Limited. D.Popular.32.WhatisthecoreoffailednegotiationbetweenUCLibrariesandElsevier?A.Thedurationofthecontract. B.Thewayofpayment.C.Thechargeforopenaccessmodel. D.Thechoiceoflicensedjournals.33.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.Academicswelcomeopenaccessmodelwithfullheart.B.Openaccessmodelwillsoonachieveadominantposition.C.Publishersarewillingtoabandonthesubscriptionmodelgradually.D.Establishingatrueonlinepubliclibraryofsciencerequiresjointefforts.34.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardstheopenaccessmodel?A.Critical. B.Supportive. C.Disapproving. D.Indifferent.【答案】31.D32.C33.D34.B【解析】【導語】本文是一篇議論文。文章主要討論了建立一個真正的在線科學公共圖書館所遇到的問題以及其建立需要大家共同的努力。【31題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)上句“However,morethantwodecadeslater,themovementhasmadeonlyslightprogress(然而，20多年過去了，這一運動只取得了微小的進展)”可知，傳統(tǒng)的訂閱模式依然很受歡迎。由此推知，劃線詞entrenched與popular(受歡迎的)意思相近。故選D?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“ElsevierwantedtheLibrariestopaytwofees:OneforitspackageoflicensedjournalsandtheotherfortheuseofElsevier’sopenaccessmodel.UCLibrarieswantedthelicensedjournalsfeetocovertheopenaccessfee;theyalsowantedopenaccesstoallUCresearchespublishedinElsevierjournals.Whenthetwosidescouldn’tcometoterms,theLibrarieswalkedaway.(愛思唯爾希望圖書館支付兩筆費用：一筆是它的授權期刊包，另一筆是使用愛思唯爾的開放獲取模式。加州大學圖書館希望授權期刊費能覆蓋開放存取費；他們還希望開放加州大學在愛思唯爾期刊上發(fā)表的所有研究。當雙方無法達成協(xié)議時，圖書館離開了)”可推知，開放獲取模式收費是UC圖書館和愛思唯爾談判失敗的核心問題。故選C。【33題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“However,ifenoughacademicssupportopenaccess,thesystemcouldreachatippingpointbeyondwhichsubscriptionsnolongersignalprestige.Reachingthatpointwouldtakeconsiderabletimeandefforts,butitispossible.(然而，如果有足夠多的學者支持開放獲取，該系統(tǒng)可能會達到一個臨界點，超過這個臨界點，訂閱就不再意味著聲望。要達到這一點需要相當長的時間和努力，但這是可能的)”可推知，建立一個真正的在線科學公共圖書館需要共同努力。故選D?！?4題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Itwasonlyinthe1900sthatthejournalsystembecamethoroughlycommoditized(商品化).Nowisthetimetobringitbacktoitsroots.(直到20世紀，期刊系統(tǒng)才徹底商品化?，F(xiàn)在是時候讓它回歸本源了)”可推知，作者對開放存取模式的態(tài)度是支持的。故選B。第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題2分，共10分)根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。WhyWeListentoMusicwithLyrics(歌詞)WeDon’tUnderstandFromFrenchelectronictoK-popandSpanishjazz,it’scommonforustolistentosongswedon’tnecessarilyunderstand.____35____.Sometimes,weevensingalongtothemwithoutknowingthedictionarymeaningoflyrics.Butwhy?Itallstartswithwhat’scalled“soundsymbolism(語音表意),”whichreferstothestudyoftherelationshipsbetweenutterances(發(fā)聲)andtheirmeaning.Inmusic,there’ssomethingabouttheappealofwordsassounds,beyondtheirmeaninginalanguage.____36____.Thismightexplainwhywearefondofasongevenwithoutknowingitslyrics.____37____.Oneexampleofsuchtechniquesisscale(音階).Songsinmajorscalesarebrighterorhappier,whileminorscalesusuallysoundslightlydarkerorbluer.Ourbrainiswiredtorespondtoacertainsound,andourbreathingandevenourmovementgowiththesoundwehear.____38____.Besides,elementsofsoundandmusic,likepitch,melodyorharmony,alsohaveanaffective,emotional,andevenphysicalimpactonlisteners.Throughacomplexoftheseelements,musicaddssomuchmeaninganddimensiontolyrics.Thatistosay,thecombinationofallthesecreatesthemeaningfarbeyondthelyrics’dictionarymeaning.____39____.Lyricsarepowerfultoolsforhelpingusrecognise,expressandreflectouremotions.Allinall,there’svalueinwhateverimmediateappealwefindinthemusicwelistento,whetherornotweunderstandthewords.Music,afterall,isauniversallanguage.A.Theinterrelationshipofmelodyandpitchisimportant.B.Thisiswhyfast-pacedmusicissopopularforrunning.C.Ofcourse,thisisn’ttoignoretheimportanceoflyricsinmusic.D.Thingslikeamusician’simagealsohelpconveymeaningthroughsongs.E.So,whenlisteningtoaforeignsong,weenjoythelyricsassoundsandnotwords.F.Itseemsthatnotknowingthelanguageofthelyricsdoesn’tstopusfromlikingasong.G.Somemusicaltechniquesandelementscanalsohelpconveycertainmoodsandmessages.【答案】35.F36.E37.G38.B39.C【解析】【導語】這是一篇說明文。文章解釋了生活中人們雖然不懂歌曲中歌詞，但人們一樣喜歡這些歌曲的原因?！?5題詳解】根據(jù)前文“FromFrenchelectronictoK-popandSpanishjazz,it’scommonforustolistentosongswedon’tnecessarilyunderstand.”（從法國電子音樂到韓國流行音樂和西班牙爵士樂，我們經(jīng)常聽我們不一定能聽懂的歌曲。）描述了生活中普遍存在我們經(jīng)常聽我們不一定能聽懂的歌曲。下文“Sometimes,weevensingalongtothemwithoutknowingthedictionarymeaningoflyrics.”（有時候，我們甚至不知道歌詞的字典意思就跟著唱。）表明人們會跟唱自己喜歡的歌曲，即使不懂歌曲的語言。因而空處可以描述不明白歌曲的語言并不阻礙我們喜歡聽歌曲。選項F.“似乎不知道歌詞的語言并不能阻止我們喜歡一首歌?！鼻蓄}，故選F?！?6題詳解】根據(jù)上文“Inmusic,there’ssomethingabouttheappealofwordsassounds,beyondtheirmeaninginalanguage.”（在音樂中，單詞作為聲音的吸引力超越了它們在語言中的意義。）說明音樂中人們享受的是歌唱者的聲音的吸引力。下文“Thismight