英國歷史與文化概論課件

AnIntroductionto

BritishHistoryandCulture英國歷史和文化概論匯報人：某某某匯報時間：2024.X.XTogiveyouanoverviewofEnglishhistoryandcultureToenhanceEnglishlearningthroughEnglishhistoryandcultureToprovideculturalandhistoricalcontextforunderstandingEnglishliteratureTheAimoftheCourseEnglishHistoryPrehistoricEnglandRomanBritain(43-410)TheAnglo-SaxonsandVikings(450-1066)NormansandPlantagenets(1066-1272)LancasterandYork(1272-1485)TheTudors(1485-1603)TheStuarts(1603-1714)OrderandDisorder(1714-1837)VictoriaandEmpire(1837-1910)PeaceandWar(1910-1945)ContemporaryBritain(1945-)BritishCultureReligioninBritainTraitsofBritishPeopleFamilyandPersonalRelationshipsSocialWelfareLeisureandEntertainmentCitiesandPlacesofInterestCourseEvaluation20%presentation(groupwork)20%essay(independentwork)60%finalexamCourseemailbox:bhac09@163.com

SecretCode:bhac0909Chapter1EarlyEnglandGeographyOldStoneAge(Paleolithic),70,000—8000BCMiddleStoneAge(Mesolithic),8300—3500BCNewStoneAge(Neolithic),3500—2500BCBronzeAge,2500—700BCIronAge,700—100BCTheDawningofEnglishHistory150BC—50GreatBritainEngland,Scotland,Wales,NorthernIrelandTheUnionofEnglandandWalesformalisedbytwoActsofParliamentin1536and1543TheUnionofEnglandandScotland1707,politicalunification,QueenAnne

1.1GeographyBritain,GreatBritain,UnitedKindomOfficialtitleUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandGeographicalterm

BritishIslesincludingGreatBritain,thewholeofIreland,alltheoffshoreislands,mostnotablytheIsleofMan,whichhasitsownparliamentandlaw1.1Geography:SomeTerminology

isolatedfromEuropebytheEnglishChannelandtheNorthSeaonceperceivedasbeingontheedgeoftheworldTheseasaroundBritainalsoactedasbarriersagainstattemptedinvasions:TheArmada,1588;theFrench,1805,NaziGermany,19401.1Geography:GeographyandHistoryGenerallymildandtemperateweatherallowsfarmingtoflourishacrossthecountryNorth:lessfertileland,wetterSouth:fertileland,drier

1.1Geography:WeatherHuntersandgatherers

OldStoneAge(Paleolithic),70,000—8000BCMiddleStoneAge(Mesolithic),8300—3500BCNewStoneAge(Neolithic),3500—2500BC1.2EarlySettlersNewStoneAge(Neolithic),3500—2500BCMegalithicmonumentsStonehenge史前巨石陣amonumentalcircularsettingoflargestandingstonessurroundedbyanearthworkinSouthEngland,inWiltshireonSalisburyPlainprobablywasconstructedasaplaceofworshipofsomekindnortheastaxisalignedwiththesunriseatthesummersolstice(夏至)1.2EarlySettlersStonehenge巨石陣InSearchofHistory00:20—01:38TheBeakerFolk(BronzeAge,2500—700BC)TheCelts(IronAge,700—100BC)fromnorth-westernEurope,ancestorsofthehighlandScots,theIrishandWelshGaelic蓋爾語

:languageofCelticorigin1.2EarlySettlers

Chapter2RomanBritainRomanInvasion

(55BC-410AD)

BritishrecordedhistorybeginswithRomaninvasion.firstlandingin55B.C.ledbyJuliusCaesarcompletecontroloverthelandin43A.D.leavinginaround410A.D.WhatisthemeaningofB.C.andA.D.?BC

standsfor"beforeChrist"ADstandsfortheLatinphrase“annodomini”means"intheyearofourLord"ThepurposeoftheBC/ADdatingsystemtomakethebirthofJesusChristthedividingpointofworldhistoryGaiusJuliusCaesar(July13,100BC–March15,44BC)aRomanmilitaryandpoliticalleaderplayedacriticalroleinthetransformationoftheRomanRepublicintotheRomanEmpireRomanInvasion

(55BC-410AD)Firstlandingin55B.C.ledbyJuliusCaesarReasonsthelureoftreasurestopunishtheCeltsbecauseofthehelptheyrenderedtheirfellowtribesmeninGaulResultsfailedbecauseofweatherwithdrawwithhostagesandprisonersRomanInvasion

(55BC-410AD)2.

Completecontroloverthelandin43A.D.LeaderheadedbytheEmperorClaudiusReasonscameasimperialiststoexploitandgovernbyrightofbeingthesuperiorRomanInvasion

(55BC-410AD)3.

Leavinginaround410A.D.TheRomanEmpiredisintegratedin476A.D..leftbehindawellestablishedCeltic-RomancultureRomanSoldiersResistancetoRomanOccupationFornearly400yearsBritainwasundertheRomanoccupation,butitwasneveratotaloccupation.Romantroopsoftenwithdrew.Resistance:thePictsTwogreatwallstokeepthePicts:Hadrian’sWallAntonineWallRomanInfluence:

TheRomanisationofBritannia

Romanlaws,taxes,engineeringskillsArchitectureRomansocialsystemTheLatinLanguageSystemofwritingandnumberingIntroducedasystemoforganizedgovernmentintownsBroughtthenewreligionChristianitytoBritain

RomanInfluence:

TheRomanisationofBritannia

Romantowns:London,York,Bathbaths,temples,amphitheatres競技場,Romanaqueducts高架渠

Romanroads:morethan5000roads,anetworkofroadstoconnectlargetownsRoman

civilizationwasbasedoncitylifeinhundredsofwalledtownlinkedbymilitaryroads.Romantown:BathBathAbbeyRomanamphitheatre

Romanaqueduct

RomanRoadTheImpactofChristianityTheCelt’sReligionDruidismreligiousleaders—DruidsAlotofgodsexisted.Polytheism(多神論)Animals,rivers,andlakeswerealsotreatedasgods.TheDruidsbelievedinafterlifeandthatwhenapersondied,thesoulwentfromoneworldtoanother.humansacrificeCelticgodsandgoddessesRomanBritainConstantinewasthefirstRoman